As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 1, 2009
Registration No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM F-10
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
YAMANA GOLD INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Canada (Province or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
1040 (Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) |
Not Applicable (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
150 York Street, Suite 1102, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5H 3S5, (416) 815-0220
(Address and telephone number of Registrant's principal executive offices)
MERIDIAN GOLD COMPANY
9670 Gateway Drive
Suite 200
Reno, Nevada 89521-3952
(775) 850-3777
(Name, address and telephone number of agent for service in the United States)
Copies to:
Jacqueline Jones Yamana Gold Inc. 150 York Street, Suite 1102 Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5H 3S5 Telephone (416) 815-0220 |
Adam M. Givertz Shearman & Sterling LLP Commerce Court West 199 Bay Street, Suite 4405 Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5L 1E8 Telephone (416) 360-8484 |
Mark Bennett Cassels Brock & Blackwell LLP 2100 Scotia Plaza 40 King Street West Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5H 3C2 Telephone (416) 869-5300 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale of the securities to the public:
From time to time after this Registration Statement becomes effective.
Province of Ontario, Canada
(Principal jurisdiction regulating this offering)
It is proposed that this filing shall become effective (check appropriate box):
A. | o | Upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 467(a) (if in connection with an offering being made contemporaneously in the United States and Canada). | ||||
B. | ý | At some future date (check the appropriate box below). | ||||
1. | o | pursuant to Rule 467(b) on ( ) at ( ) (designate a time not sooner than 7 calendar days after filing). | ||||
2. | o | pursuant to Rule 467(b) on ( ) at ( ) (designate a time 7 calendar days or sooner after filing) because the securities regulatory authority in the review jurisdiction has issued a receipt or notification of clearance on ( ). | ||||
3. | o | pursuant to Rule 467(b) as soon as practicable after notification of the Commission by the Registrant or the Canadian securities regulatory authority of the review jurisdiction that a receipt or notification of clearance has been issued with respect hereto. | ||||
4. | ý | after the filing of the next amendment to this Form (if preliminary material is being filed). |
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to the home jurisdiction's shelf prospectus offering procedures, check the following box. ý
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
Title of Each Class of Securities to be Registered |
Amount to be Registered(1)(2)(3)(4) |
Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Unit(4) |
Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price(4)(5) |
Amount of Registration Fee |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Debt Securities | ||||||||
Common Shares | ||||||||
Warrants | ||||||||
Subscription Receipts | ||||||||
Total | U.S.$397,150,000 | U.S.$397,150,000 | U.S.$22,160.97 | |||||
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registration Statement shall become effective as provided in Rule 467 under the Securities Act or on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to Section 8(a) of the Securities Act, may determine.
PART I
INFORMATION REQUIRED TO BE DELIVERED TO
OFFEREES OR PURCHASERS
I-1
Information contained herein is subject to completion or amendment. A registration statement relating to these securities has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These securities may not be sold nor may offers to buy be accepted prior to the time the registration statement becomes effective. This prospectus shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy nor shall there be any sale of these securities in any state in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state.
PRELIMINARY SHORT FORM BASE SHELF PROSPECTUS
New Issue |
March 31, 2009 |
YAMANA GOLD INC.
Debt Securities
Common Shares
Warrants
Subscription Receipts
Cdn$500,000,000
Yamana Gold Inc. ("Yamana" or the "Corporation") may offer and issue from time to time, debt securities (the "Debt Securities"), common shares (the "Common Shares"), common share purchase warrants (the "Warrants") or subscription receipts (the "Subscription Receipts") (all of the foregoing, collectively, the "Securities") or any combination thereof up to an aggregate initial offering price of Cdn$500,000,000 during the 25 month period that this short form base shelf prospectus (the "Prospectus"), including any amendments thereto, remains effective. Securities may be offered separately or together, in amounts, at prices and on terms to be determined based on market conditions at the time of sale and set forth in an accompanying shelf prospectus supplement (a "Prospectus Supplement").
Investing in the Securities involves a high degree of risk. Investors should carefully read the "Risk Factors" section in this Prospectus.
This offering is made by a foreign issuer that is permitted, under a multijurisdictional disclosure system adopted by the United States and Canada, to prepare this Prospectus in accordance with Canadian disclosure requirements. Prospective investors should be aware that such requirements are different from those of the United States. Financial statements incorporated herein by reference have been prepared in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles, and may be subject to Canadian auditing and auditor independence standards, and thus may not be comparable to financial statements of United States companies.
Prospective investors should be aware that the acquisition of the Securities described herein may have tax consequences both in the United States and in Canada. Such consequences for investors who are resident in, or citizens of, the United States may not be described fully herein or in any applicable Prospectus Supplement. Prospective investors should read the tax discussion contained in the applicable Prospectus Supplement with respect to a particular offering of Securities.
The enforcement by investors of civil liabilities under the federal securities laws may be affected adversely by the fact that the Corporation is incorporated under the laws of Canada, that some of its officers and directors are residents of Canada, that some or all of the underwriters or experts named in the registration statement are residents of a foreign country, and that a substantial portion of the assets of the Corporation and said persons are located outside the United States.
Neither the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, nor any state securities regulator, has approved or disapproved the Securities offered hereby or determined if this Prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offence.
The specific terms of the Securities with respect to a particular offering will be set out in the applicable Prospectus Supplement and may include, where applicable: (i) in the case of Debt Securities, the specific designation, the aggregate principal amount, the currency or the currency unit for which the Debt Securities may be purchased, the maturity, the interest provisions, the authorized denominations, the offering price, the covenants, the events of default, any terms for redemption or retraction, any exchange or conversion rights attached to the Debt Securities, whether the debt is senior or subordinated to the Corporation's other liabilities and obligations, whether the Debt Securities will be secured by any of the Corporation's assets or guarantees by any other person and any other terms specific to the Debt Securities being offered; (ii) in the case of Common Shares, the number of Common Shares offered, the offering price, the dividend rate, if any, and any other terms specific to the Common Shares being offered; (iii) in the case of Warrants, the designation, the number and terms of the Debt Securities or Common Shares purchasable upon exercise of the Warrants, any procedures that will result in the adjustment of these numbers, the exercise price, the dates and periods of exercise, the currency in which the Warrants are issued and any other terms specific to the Warrants being offered; and (iv) in the case of Subscription Receipts, the designation, number and terms of the Common Shares, Warrants or Debt Securities receivable upon satisfaction of certain release conditions, any procedures that will result in the adjustment of those numbers, any additional payments to be made to holders of Subscription Receipts upon satisfaction of the release conditions, the terms of the release conditions, terms governing the escrow of all or a portion of the gross proceeds from the sale of the Subscription Receipts, terms for the refund of all or a portion of the purchase price for the Subscription Receipts in the event the release conditions are not met and any other specific terms. Where required by statute, regulation or policy, and where Securities are offered in currencies other than Canadian dollars, appropriate disclosure of foreign exchange rates applicable to such Securities will be included in the Prospectus Supplement describing such Securities.
All shelf information permitted under applicable laws to be omitted from this Prospectus will be contained in one or more Prospectus Supplements that will be delivered to purchasers together with this Prospectus. Each Prospectus Supplement will be incorporated by reference into this Prospectus for the purposes of securities legislation as of the date of the Prospectus Supplement and only for the purposes of the distribution of the Securities to which the Prospectus Supplement pertains.
This Prospectus constitutes a public offering of these Securities only in those jurisdictions where they may be lawfully offered for sale and therein only by persons permitted to sell such Securities. The Corporation may offer and sell Securities to, or through, underwriters or dealers and may also offer and sell certain Securities directly to other purchasers or through agents pursuant to exemptions from registration or qualification under applicable securities laws. A Prospectus Supplement relating to each issue of Securities offered pursuant to this Prospectus will set forth the names of any underwriters, dealers or agents involved in the offering and sale of such Securities and will set forth the terms of the offering of such Securities, the method of distribution of such Securities including, to the extent applicable, the proceeds to the Corporation and any fees, discounts or any other compensation payable to underwriters, dealers or agents and any other material terms of the plan of distribution.
The outstanding Common Shares of the Corporation are listed and posted for trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange (the "TSX") under the symbol "YRI", on the New York Stock Exchange (the "NYSE") under the symbol "AUY" and on the London Stock Exchange (the "LSE") under the symbol "YAU". Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, no Securities, other than the Common Shares, will be listed on any securities exchange.
The head office of the Corporation is 150 York Street, Suite 1102, Toronto, Ontario M5H 3S5, and its registered office is located at Suite 2100, 40 King Street West, Toronto, Ontario M5H 3C2.
|
Page | |
---|---|---|
NOTICE REGARDING PRESENTATION OF OUR MINERAL RESERVE AND RESOURCE ESTIMATES |
4 | |
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION |
4 | |
FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
5 | |
CURRENCY PRESENTATION AND EXCHANGE RATE INFORMATION |
5 | |
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE |
6 | |
DOCUMENTS FILED AS PART OF THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT |
7 | |
AVAILABLE INFORMATION |
8 | |
ENFORCEABILITY OF CERTAIN CIVIL LIABILITIES |
8 | |
THE CORPORATION |
9 | |
CONSOLIDATED CAPITALIZATION |
12 | |
DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING INDEBTEDNESS |
12 | |
EARNINGS COVERAGE |
13 | |
USE OF PROCEEDS |
13 | |
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION |
13 | |
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES |
14 | |
DESCRIPTION OF COMMON SHARES |
21 | |
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS |
21 | |
DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS |
22 | |
PRIOR SALES |
25 | |
TRADING PRICE AND VOLUME |
26 | |
INTEREST OF EXPERTS |
27 | |
RISK FACTORS |
29 | |
AUDITORS' CONSENT |
40 |
Investors should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this Prospectus. The Corporation has not authorized anyone to provide investors with different information. The Corporation is not making an offer of the Securities in any jurisdiction where the offer is not permitted. Investors should not assume that the information contained in this Prospectus and any Prospectus Supplement is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front of those documents.
Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this Prospectus and any Prospectus Supplement to "Yamana" or the "Corporation" include Yamana Gold Inc. and each of its material subsidiaries.
3
NOTICE REGARDING PRESENTATION OF OUR MINERAL RESERVE AND RESOURCE ESTIMATES
This Prospectus has been, and any Prospectus Supplement will be, prepared in accordance with the requirements of Canadian securities laws, which differ from the requirements of United States securities laws. Unless otherwise indicated, all reserve and resource estimates included in this Prospectus and any Prospectus Supplement have been, and will be, prepared in accordance with Canadian National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects ("NI 43-101") and the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum classification system, as well as the Australasian Code for Reporting Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves, or JORC Code, which is accepted under the Canadian standards. NI 43-101 is a rule developed by the Canadian Securities Administrators which establishes standards for all public disclosure an issuer makes of scientific and technical information concerning mineral projects.
Canadian standards, including NI 43-101, differ significantly from the requirements of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), and reserve and resource information contained or incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and any Prospectus Supplement may not be comparable to similar information disclosed by United States companies. In particular, and without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the term "resource" does not equate to the term "reserve". Under United States standards, mineralization may not be classified as a "reserve" unless the determination has been made that the mineralization could be economically and legally produced or extracted at the time the reserve determination is made. The SEC's disclosure standards normally do not permit the inclusion of information concerning "measured mineral resources", "indicated mineral resources" or "inferred mineral resources" or other descriptions of the amount of mineralization in mineral deposits that do not constitute "reserves" by United States standards in documents filed with the SEC. United States investors should also understand that "inferred mineral resources" have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence and as to their economic and legal feasibility. It cannot be assumed that all or any part of an "inferred mineral resource" will ever be upgraded to a higher category. Under Canadian rules, estimated "inferred mineral resources" may not form the basis of feasibility or pre-feasibility studies except in rare cases. Investors are cautioned not to assume that all or any part of an "inferred mineral resource" exists or is economically or legally mineable. Disclosure of "contained ounces" in a resource estimate is permitted disclosure under Canadian regulations; however, the SEC normally only permits issuers to report mineralization that does not constitute "reserves" by SEC standards as in place tonnage and grade without reference to unit measures. The requirements of NI 43-101 for identification of "reserves" are also not the same as those of the SEC, and reserves reported by Yamana in compliance with NI 43-101 may not qualify as "reserves" under SEC standards. Accordingly, information concerning mineral deposits set forth herein may not be comparable with information made public by companies that report in accordance with United States standards.
See "Description of the Business Technical Information" in the Corporation's Annual Information Form for the financial year ended December 31, 2008, which is incorporated by reference herein, for a description of certain of the mining terms used in this Prospectus and any Prospectus Supplement and the other documents incorporated by reference herein and therein, as applicable.
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This Prospectus contains or incorporates by reference "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and applicable Canadian securities legislation. Except for statements of historical fact relating to the Corporation, information contained herein constitutes forward-looking statements, including any information as to the Corporation's strategy, plans or future financial or operating performance. Forward-looking statements are characterized by words such as "plan", "expect", "budget", "target", "project", "intend", "believe", "anticipate", "estimate" and other similar words, or statements that certain events or conditions "may" or "will" occur. Forward-looking statements are based on the opinions, assumptions and estimates of management considered reasonable at the date the statements are made, and are inherently subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties and other known and unknown factors that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. These factors include the impact of general business and economic conditions; global liquidity and credit availability on the timing of cash flows and the values of assets and liabilities based on projected future conditions; fluctuating metal prices (such as gold, copper, silver and zinc); currency exchange
4
rates (such as the Brazilian real and the Chilean peso versus the United States dollar); possible variations in ore grade or recovery rates; changes in the Corporation's hedging program; changes in accounting policies; changes in the Corporation's corporate resources; changes in project parameters as plans continue to be refined; changes in project development and production time frames; risk related to joint venture operations; the possibility of project cost overruns or unanticipated costs and expenses; higher prices for fuel, steel, power, labour and other consumables contributing to higher costs; general risks of the mining industry; failure of plant, equipment or processes to operate as anticipated; unexpected changes in mine life; final pricing for concentrate sales; unanticipated results of future studies; seasonality and unanticipated weather changes; costs and timing of the development of new deposits; success of exploration activities; permitting time lines; government regulation of mining operations; environmental risks; unanticipated reclamation expenses; title disputes or claims; limitations on insurance coverage; timing and possible outcome of pending litigation and labour disputes; as well as those risk factors discussed or referred to in the Corporation's annual Management's Discussion and Analysis and Annual Information Form filed with the securities regulatory authorities in all provinces of Canada and available at www.sedar.com, and the Corporation's Annual Report on Form 40-F filed with the SEC. Although the Corporation has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual actions, events or results to differ materially from those described in forward-looking statements, there may be other factors that cause actions, events or results not to be anticipated, estimated or intended. There can be no assurance that forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements. The reader is cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. The forward-looking information contained herein is presented for the purpose of assisting investors in understanding the Corporation's expected financial and operating performance and the Corporation's plans and objectives in making an investment decision and may not be appropriate for other purposes.
The financial statements of the Corporation incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and any Prospectus Supplement are reported in United States dollars. Unless otherwise indicated, all financial information included and incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and any Prospectus Supplement is determined using Canadian generally accepted accounting principles, referred to as "Canadian GAAP". Canadian GAAP differs from United States generally accepted accounting principles, referred to as "U.S. GAAP". Therefore, the consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and any Prospectus Supplement may not be comparable to financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. A discussion of the principal differences between the Corporation's financial results and financial condition calculated under Canadian GAAP and under U.S. GAAP is provided in the notes to the Corporation's annual consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference into this Prospectus and any Prospectus Supplement.
CURRENCY PRESENTATION AND EXCHANGE RATE INFORMATION
All monetary amounts used in this Prospectus and any Prospectus Supplement are or will be stated in United States dollars, unless otherwise indicated. On March 30, 2009, the noon spot rate for Canadian dollars in terms of the United States dollar, as reported by the Bank of Canada, was US$1.00=Cdn$1.26 or Cdn$1.00=US$0.79.
The closing, high and low noon spot rates for the United States dollar in terms of Canadian dollars for each of the three years ended December 31, 2008, December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, as reported by the Bank of Canada, were as follows:
|
December 31, 2008 | December 31, 2007 | December 31, 2006 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(expressed in Cdn$) |
|||||||||
Closing |
1.22 | 0.99 | 1.15 | |||||||
High |
1.30 | 1.19 | 1.17 | |||||||
Low |
0.97 | 0.92 | 1.10 |
5
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Information has been incorporated by reference in this Prospectus from documents filed with the securities commissions or similar authorities in each of the provinces of Canada and with the SEC in the United States. Copies of the documents incorporated herein by reference may be obtained on request without charge from the Senior Vice President, Legal, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary of the Corporation at 150 York Street, Suite 1102, Toronto, Ontario M5H 3S5, telephone (416) 815-0220, and are also available electronically at www.sedar.com. The filings of the Corporation through the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval ("SEDAR") are not incorporated by reference in this short form prospectus except as specifically set out herein.
The following documents, filed by the Corporation with the securities commissions or similar authorities in each of the provinces of Canada and the SEC, are specifically incorporated by reference into, and form an integral part of, this Prospectus:
Any document of the type referred to above (excluding confidential material change reports) filed by the Corporation with the securities commissions or similar regulatory authorities in Canada after the date of this Prospectus shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this Prospectus. In addition, any similar documents filed on Form 6-K or Form 40-F by the Corporation with the SEC after the date of this Prospectus shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this Prospectus, if and to the extent expressly provided for in such reports on Form 6-K or Form 40-F. The Corporation's periodic reports on Form 6-K and its annual reports on Form 40-F are available at the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
Any statement contained in this Prospectus or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded, for purposes of this Prospectus, to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any other subsequently filed document that also is, or is deemed to be, incorporated by reference herein modifies, replaces or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this Prospectus. The modifying or superseding statement need not state that it has modified or superseded a prior statement or include any other information set forth in the document that it modifies or supersedes. The making of a modifying or superseding statement shall not be deemed an admission for any purposes that the modified or superseded statement, when made, constituted a misrepresentation, an untrue statement of a material fact or an omission to state a material fact that is required to be stated or that is necessary to make a statement not misleading in light of the circumstances in which it was made.
A Prospectus Supplement containing the specific terms of an offering of Securities and other information relating to the Securities, will be delivered to prospective purchasers of such Securities together with this Prospectus and will be deemed to be incorporated into this Prospectus as of the date of such Prospectus Supplement only for the purpose of the offering of the Securities covered by that Prospectus Supplement.
6
Upon a new annual information form and the related annual financial statements being filed by the Corporation with, and, where required, accepted by, the applicable securities commissions or similar regulatory authorities during the currency of this Prospectus, the previous annual information form, the previous annual financial statements and all quarterly financial statements (including management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations in the quarterly reports for such periods), material change reports and management information circulars filed prior to the commencement of the Corporation's financial year in which the new annual information form is filed shall be deemed no longer to be incorporated into this Prospectus for purposes of further offers and sales of Securities hereunder.
DOCUMENTS FILED AS PART OF THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT
The following documents have been filed with the SEC as part of the registration statement of which this Prospectus forms a part: the documents referred to in "Documents Incorporated by Reference"; the consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP; the consent of Cassels Brock & Blackwell LLP; the consents of James L. Pearson, David W. Rennie, Renato Petter, Ronald G. Simpson, Hrayr Agnerian, Mario E. Rossi, Enrique Munoz Gonzalez, Marco Antonio Alfaro Sironvalle, Evandro Cintra, Pamela L. De Mark, Greg Walker, Chester M. Moore, Julio Bruna Novillo, Robin J. Young, William H. Wulftange, Neil B. Prenn, Rogerio Moreno, Normand Lecuyer and Homero Delboni Jr.; powers of attorney of the directors and officers of the Corporation; and a form of indenture. A copy of the form of debt or warrant indenture or subscription receipt agreement will be filed by post-effective amendment or by incorporation by reference to documents filed or furnished with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "U.S. Exchange Act").
7
The Corporation has filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form F-10 under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "U.S. Securities Act"), with respect to the Securities. This Prospectus, which constitutes a part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information that will be set forth in any such registration statement, certain parts of which will be omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. For further information with respect to the Corporation and the Securities, reference is made to the registration statement and the exhibits thereto, which will be publicly available as described below.
The Corporation files reports and other information with the Canadian Securities Authorities. These reports and information are available to the public free of charge on the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (SEDAR) at www.sedar.com.
The Corporation is subject to the informational requirements of the U.S. Exchange Act, and in accordance therewith files reports and other information with the SEC. Under the multijurisdictional disclosure system adopted by the United States and Canadian securities regulators, such reports and other information may be prepared in accordance with the disclosure requirements of Canada, which requirements are different from those of the United States. The Corporation is exempt from the rules under the U.S. Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the U.S. Exchange Act. In addition, the Corporation is not required to publish financial statements as promptly as United States companies. Reports and other information filed by the Corporation may be inspected at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Copies of such materials can also be obtained at prescribed rates from such facilities. Prospective investors may call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information regarding the public reference facilities and may read and download some of the documents the Corporation has filed with the SEC on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
ENFORCEABILITY OF CERTAIN CIVIL LIABILITIES
The Corporation is incorporated under the laws of Canada and its principal place of business is in Canada. Most of the directors and officers of the Corporation are resident outside of the United States and a substantial portion of its assets and the assets of such persons are located outside the United States. Consequently, it may be difficult for United States investors to effect service of process within the United States on the Corporation or its directors or officers, or to realize in the United States on judgments of courts of the United States predicated on civil liabilities under the U.S. Securities Act. Investors should not assume that Canadian courts would enforce judgments of United States courts obtained in actions against the Corporation or such persons predicated on the civil liability provisions of the United States federal securities laws or the securities or "blue sky" laws of any state within the United States or would enforce, in original actions, liabilities against the Corporation or such persons predicated on the United States federal securities or any such state securities or "blue sky" laws. The Corporation has been advised by its Canadian counsel, Cassels Brock & Blackwell LLP, that a judgment of a United States court predicated solely upon civil liability under United States federal securities laws would probably be enforceable in Canada if the United States court in which the judgment was obtained has a basis for jurisdiction in the matter that would be recognized by a Canadian court for the same purposes. The Corporation has also been advised by Cassels Brock & Blackwell LLP, however, that there is substantial doubt whether an action could be brought in Canada in the first instance on the basis of liability predicated solely upon United States federal securities laws.
The Corporation filed with the SEC, concurrently with its registration statement on Form F-10, an appointment of agent for service of process on Form F-X. Under the Form F-X, the Corporation appointed CT Corporation System as its agent for service of process in the United States in connection with any investigation or administrative proceeding conducted by the SEC, and any civil suit or action brought against or involving the Corporation in a United States court arising out of or related to or concerning the offering of securities under this Prospectus.
8
Overview
Yamana is a Canadian-based gold producer with significant gold production, gold development stage properties, exploration properties and land positions in Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Mexico and Central America. Yamana is producing gold and other precious metals at intermediate company production levels. Yamana plans to continue to build on this base through existing operating mine expansions and throughput increases, the advancement of its exploration properties and by targeting other gold consolidation opportunities in the Americas.
Yamana's portfolio includes: (i) ten operating gold mines, namely Chapada (copper/gold), El Peñón (gold/silver), Jacobina, Gualcamayo, Minera Florida (gold/silver/zinc), Fazenda Brasileiro, São Francisco, São Vicente, San Andrés and a 12.5% indirect interest in the Alumbrera project (copper/gold/molybdenum), and (ii) various advanced and near development stage and exploration properties in Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Mexico and elsewhere in the Americas.
Set out below is a list of Yamana's main properties and mines:
Producing Mines
Development and Advanced Stage Exploration Projects
The corporate chart set out on the following page illustrates the Corporation's principal subsidiaries, together with the jurisdiction of incorporation of each entity and the percentage of voting securities beneficially owned, controlled or directed, directly or indirectly, by the Corporation.
9
10
Recent Developments
Recent Global Financial Developments and Effects on Decisions of the Corporation
In mid to late 2008, the global financial and commodity markets experienced a significant increase in volatility in part due to international financial institutions experiencing a devaluation of assets and related securities on their balance sheets. This contributed to a reduction of liquidity among financial institutions and reduced the availability of credit to those institutions and the issuers who borrow from them. As a result, over the last eight months, worldwide equity markets have been experiencing unprecedented volatility and declines. In addition, base metal prices declined as the expectation for emerging markets growth rates decreased and certain developed economies faced the prospect of recession. As an example, the average spot copper price for the third quarter of 2008 was $3.49 per pound and for the fourth quarter of 2008 was down to $1.79 per pound. The average spot copper price for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $3.16 per pound. It is evident that the volatility in metal prices reached record levels during this time.
Chapada produced a total of 35,876 ounces and 35,263 ounces of gold contained in concentrate and 34.9 million and 36.8 million pounds of copper contained in concentrate during the third and fourth quarters of 2008, respectively. Most of the sales generated from this production has been only provisionally priced. The Corporation is impacted by provisional pricing in connection with its concentrate sales due to the fact that final pricing for metals in concentrate is calculated at a point after concentrate sales, often up to three or four months after shipment, depending on concentrate off-take agreement terms. This delay in the impact of price movements for copper and gold in concentrate results in provisional payment adjustments that impact future quarters. The extent of these adjustments is considered by management to be non-recurring and unprecedented due to the magnitude of the change in the copper prices during the last two quarters of 2008.
In the fourth quarter of 2008, the Corporation took the opportunity to monetize the longer-term portion of its copper hedges for net proceeds of approximately $47.5 million. In January and February 2009, the Corporation put into effect additional short-term copper hedges maturing between February and July 2009. The new hedges total 26.5 million pounds at a price of $1.54 per pound. Following this new hedge program, the Corporation has a hedge program that includes 75.7 million pounds of copper at an average hedged price of $2.50 per pound during 2009.
The Corporation continues to believe that preservation of capital and cash is one of the primary objectives for sustainability. The Corporation has stated that it would continue with its expansion and development plans, thereby ensuring growth in production, while doing so over a longer period of time and with a more conservative approach to capital expenditures.
Equity Financing
On December 24, 2008, the Corporation closed an equity financing led by Canaccord Capital Corporation and Scotia Capital Inc. for 22,500,000 Common Shares at a price of Cdn$6.00 per Common Share for aggregate gross proceeds to the Corporation of Cdn$135 million.
Increase in Revolving Credit Facilities
On December 24, 2008 the Corporation secured a further revolving credit facility increasing its revolving credit facilities by $200 million. The new facility was jointly arranged by Scotia Capital and RBS Greenwich Capital, and is being provided by a syndicate of international banks including The Bank of Nova Scotia, ABN AMRO Bank N.V. and Export Development Canada. The Corporation now has $500 million of available credit under revolving credit lines of which approximately $250 million remains completely undrawn.
11
There have been no material changes in the share and loan capital of the Corporation, on a consolidated basis, since the date of the most recently filed audited consolidated financial statements of the Corporation as at and for the year ended December 31, 2008.
DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING INDEBTEDNESS
Bank Credit Facilities
The Corporation entered into a credit agreement dated September 10, 2007, as amended by a first amending agreement dated as of December 3, 2007 and second amending agreement dated as of December 22, 2008 (as amended, the "Credit Agreement") pursuant to which a group of financial institutions granted the Corporation a $400 million non-revolving term credit facility (the "Non-Revolving Term Facility") maturing October 15, 2012, a $250 million revolving term credit facility (the "First Revolving Term Facility") maturing October 15, 2012 and a $250 million revolving term credit facility (the "Second Revolving Term Facility") maturing December 22, 2010 (collectively, the "Credit Facilities"). Credit under the Credit Facilities is available by way of Canadian dollar Prime Rate loans and bankers' acceptances and US dollar LIBOR and Base Rate loans at the customary reference rates plus an applicable margin that ranges from 1.50% to 3.00% per annum depending on the ratio (the "Leverage Ratio") of the Corporation's total debt to its earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. The lenders under the First Revolving Term Facility and the Second Revolving Term Facility (collectively, the "Revolving Term Facilities") are each paid a standby fee at a rate that ranges from 0.55% to 1.10% of the undrawn portion of the Credit Facility, depending on the Leverage Ratio.
The Non-Revolving Term Facility is repayable in 19 equal consecutive quarterly installments, the first of which was paid on March 31, 2008. The Revolving Term Facilities are each payable in full on their respective maturity dates. If the Corporation sells certain assets or ownership interests in certain material operating subsidiaries, the net proceeds thereof must be used to prepay outstanding obligations under the Credit Facilities. Prepayments are applied firstly to the installments under the Non-Revolving Term Facility in the inverse order of maturity, secondly to outstanding obligations under the First Revolving Term Facility and then thirdly to outstanding obligations under the Second Revolving Term Facility. The credit limit under each Revolving Term Facility will be reduced by the amount of any mandatory prepayment thereunder.
The Credit Facilities are guaranteed by certain material operating subsidiaries and their immediate shareholders (the "Guarantors" and together with the Corporation, the "Obligors"). The Guarantors that are immediate shareholders have pledged their shares in the material operating subsidiaries as security for their guarantees.
The Credit Agreement contains covenants that restrict, among other things and subject to certain specified exceptions, the ability of an Obligor to (i) incur additional indebtedness; (ii) grant security interests and other encumbrances on its property; (iii) enter into corporate or capital reorganizations; (iv) carry on any business, other than mining and related activities; (v) sell or otherwise dispose of any material property; (vi) pay or declare dividends or make other distributions or payments in respect of its shares; (vii) make acquisitions or investments, other than in the ordinary course of business; and (viii) enter into transactions with affiliates.
The Corporation is also required to maintain certain financial ratios as well as a minimum tangible net worth.
Events of default under the Credit Facilities include, among other things (i) a breach of material covenant by an Obligor; (ii) a breach of any other covenant by an Obligor and the failure to remedy such breach within the applicable cure period; (iii) the failure of an Obligor to pay any financial indebtedness in an amount that is equal to or greater than $25 million; (iv) various events relating to the insolvency, bankruptcy, liquidation, winding-up, dissolution or cessation of business of the Corporation or certain of its subsidiaries; (v) the occurrence of a Material Adverse Change (defined as an event or change of circumstances that in the reasonable opinion of the Majority Lenders (lenders having individual commitments representing 66% or more of all commitments) would reasonably be expected to materially adversely affect (A) the ability of the Obligors, taken as a whole, to pay the obligations under the Credit Facilities when due, (B) the ability of the Obligors to operate their businesses, taken as a whole, or (C) be materially prejudicial to the interests of the lenders under the Credit Agreement and
12
related security or to the business, properties, operations, condition (financial or otherwise), performance or prospects of the Obligors, taken as a whole) and (vi) a change of control of the Corporation without the prior written consent of the Majority Lenders (such consent is not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed). A change of control is defined to occur when one person or group of persons acting in concert, directly or indirectly, have the power (A) to exercise more that 50% of the votes attaching to the shares of the Corporation, (B) to direct or cause the direction of management, business or policies of the Corporation; or (C) to appoint a majority of the directors of the Corporation.
As at March 31, 2009 there were outstanding loans and advances of approximately $315.8 million under the Non-Revolving Term Facility, $250 million under the Revolving Term Facility, for a total outstanding balance of approximately $565.8 million.
In accordance with the requirements of the Canadian Securities Administrators, the following consolidated earnings coverage ratio has been calculated for the 12-month periods ended December 31, 2008 and gives effect to the issuance of all long-term debt of the Corporation and repayment or redemption thereof since such date. The earnings coverage ratio set forth below does not purport to be indicative of earnings coverage ratios for any future periods. The earnings coverage ratio and interest requirements does not give effect to the issuance of any debt securities that may be issued pursuant to this Prospectus and any Prospectus Supplement, since the aggregate principal amounts and the terms of such securities are not currently known.
|
12 Months Ended December 31, 2008 |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
Interest requirements(1) |
$ | 495.692 | ||
Earnings before interest expense and taxes(1) |
$ | 40.105 | ||
Earnings coverage |
12.4 |
If the Corporation offers any debt securities having a term to maturity in excess of one year under this Prospectus and a Prospectus Supplement, the Prospectus Supplement will include earnings coverage ratios giving effect to the issuance of such securities.
Unless otherwise specified in a Prospectus Supplement, the net proceeds from the sale of the Securities will be used for general corporate purposes, including funding ongoing operation and/or capital requirements, reducing the level of debt under the Corporation's credit facilities, discretionary capital programs and potential future acquisitions. Each Prospectus Supplement will contain specific information, if any, concerning the use of proceeds from that sale of Securities.
All expenses relating to an offering of Securities and any compensation paid to underwriters, dealers or agents, as the case may be, will be paid out of the Corporation's general funds, unless otherwise stated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.
The Corporation may sell the Securities to or through underwriters or dealers, and also may sell Securities to one or more other purchasers directly or through agents. Each Prospectus Supplement will set forth the terms of the offering, including the name or names of any underwriters or agents, the purchase price or prices of the Securities and the proceeds to the Corporation from the sale of the Securities.
The Securities may be sold, from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed price or prices which may be changed or at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to such prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. The prices at which the Securities may be offered may vary as between purchasers and during the period of distribution. If, in connection with the offering of Securities at a fixed price or prices,
13
the underwriters have made a bona fide effort to sell all of the Securities at the initial offering price fixed in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the public offering price may be decreased and thereafter further changed, from time to time, to an amount not greater than the initial public offering price fixed in such Prospectus Supplement, in which case the compensation realized by the underwriters will be decreased by the amount that the aggregate price paid by purchasers for the Securities is less than the gross proceeds paid by the underwriters to the Corporation.
Underwriters, dealers and agents who participate in the distribution of the Securities may be entitled under agreements to be entered into with the Corporation to indemnification by the Corporation against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the U.S. Securities Act and Canadian securities legislation, or to contribution with respect to payments which such underwriters, dealers or agents may be required to make in respect thereof. Such underwriters, dealers and agents may be customers of, engage in transactions with, or perform services for, the Corporation in the ordinary course of business.
In connection with any offering of Securities, except as otherwise set out in a Prospectus Supplement relating to a particular offering of Securities, the underwriters may over-allot or effect transactions which stabilize or maintain the market price of the Securities offered at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. Such transactions, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
In this section only, the term "Yamana" refers only to Yamana Gold Inc. without any of its subsidiaries. This description sets forth certain general terms and provisions that would apply to any Debt Securities that Yamana may issue pursuant to this Prospectus. Yamana will provide particular terms and provisions of a series of Debt Securities, and a description of how the general terms and provisions described below may apply to that series, in a Prospectus Supplement.
The Debt Securities will be issued under an Indenture to be entered into between Yamana as Issuer and one or more trustees (the "Trustee") that will be named in a Prospectus Supplement to this Prospectus. The Indenture is subject to and governed by the U.S. Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended. A copy of the form of the Indenture has been filed as an exhibit to Yamana's registration statement filed with the SEC. The following summary highlights some of the provisions of the Indenture, and may not contain all of the information that is important to you. Wherever this section refers to particular provisions or defined terms of the Indenture, such provisions or defined terms are incorporated in this Prospectus by reference as part of the statement made, and the statement is qualified by such reference. The term "Securities" as used under this section, refers to all securities issued under the Indenture, including the Debt Securities.
Yamana may issue Debt Securities and incur additional indebtedness otherwise than through the offering of any Debt Securities pursuant to this Prospectus.
General
The Indenture does not limit the amount of Securities which Yamana may issue under the Indenture, and Yamana may issue Securities in one or more series. Securities may be denominated and payable in any currency. Yamana may offer no more than Cdn$500 million (or the equivalent in other currencies) aggregate principal amount of Securities pursuant to this Prospectus. Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the Indenture permits Yamana, without the consent of the holders of any Securities, to increase the principal amount of any series of Securities Yamana has previously issued under the Indenture and to issue such increased principal amount.
The applicable Prospectus Supplement will set forth the following terms relating to the Securities offered by such Prospectus Supplement (the "Offered Securities"):
14
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement:
Yamana may issue Securities under the Indenture bearing no interest or interest at a rate below the prevailing market rate at the time of issuance and, in such circumstances, Yamana will offer and sell those Securities at a discount below their stated principal amount. Yamana will describe in the applicable Prospectus Supplement any Canadian and U.S. federal income tax consequences and other special considerations applicable to any discounted Securities or other Securities offered and sold at par which are treated as having been issued at a discount for Canadian and/or U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Any Debt Securities issued by Yamana will be direct, unconditional and unsecured obligations of Yamana and will rank equally among themselves and with all of Yamana's other unsecured, unsubordinated obligations, except to the extent prescribed by law. Debt Securities issued by Yamana will be structurally subordinated to all existing and future liabilities, including trade payables and other indebtedness, of Yamana's subsidiaries.
Yamana will agree to provide to the Trustee (i) annual reports containing audited financial statements and (ii) quarterly reports for the first three quarters of each fiscal year containing unaudited financial information.
Form, Denomination, Exchange and Transfer
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, Yamana will issue Securities only in fully registered form without coupons, and in denominations of $1,000 and multiples of $1,000. Securities may be presented for exchange and registered Securities may be presented for registration of transfer in the manner set forth in the Indenture and in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, without service charges. Yamana may,
15
however, require payment sufficient to cover any taxes or other governmental charges due in connection with the exchange or transfer. Yamana will appoint the Trustee as security registrar. Bearer Securities and the coupons applicable to bearer Securities thereto will be transferable by delivery.
Payment
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, Yamana will make payments on registered Securities (other than Global Securities) at the office or agency of the Trustee, except that Yamana may choose to pay interest (a) by check mailed to the address of the person entitled to such payment as specified in the security register or (b) by wire transfer to an account maintained by the person entitled to such payment as specified in the security register. Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, Yamana will pay any interest due on registered Securities to the persons in whose name such registered Securities are registered on the day or days specified by Yamana.
Registered Global Securities
Registered Debt Securities of a series may be issued in whole or in part in global form that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, a depositary identified in the Prospectus Supplement. Global Securities will be registered in the name of a financial institution Yamana selects, and the Debt Securities included in the Global Securities may not be transferred to the name of any other direct holder unless the special circumstances described below occur. The financial institution that acts as the sole direct holder of the Global Securities is called the "Depositary". Any person wishing to own Debt Securities issued in the form of Global Securities must do so indirectly by virtue of an account with a broker, bank or other financial institution that, in turn, has an account with the Depositary.
Special Investor Considerations for Global Securities
Yamana's obligations, as well as the obligations of the Trustee and those of any third parties employed by Yamana or the Trustee, run only to persons who are registered as holders of Debt Securities. For example, once Yamana makes payment to the registered holder, Yamana has no further responsibility for the payment even if that holder is legally required to pass the payment along to an investor but does not do so. As an indirect holder, an investor's rights relating to a Global Security will be governed by the account rules of the investor's financial institution and of the Depositary, as well as general laws relating to debt securities transfers.
An investor should be aware that when Debt Securities are issued in the form of Global Securities:
Special Situations When Global Security Will be Terminated
In a few special situations described below, a Global Security will terminate and interests in it will be exchanged for physical certificates representing Debt Securities. After that exchange, an investor may choose
16
whether to hold Debt Securities directly or indirectly through an account at its bank or brokerage firm. Investors must consult their own banks or brokers to find out how to have their interests in Debt Securities transferred into their own names, so that they will be direct holders.
The special situations for termination of a Global Security are:
The Prospectus Supplement may list situations for terminating a Global Security that would apply only to the particular series of Debt Securities covered by the Prospectus Supplement. When a Global Security terminates, the Depositary (and not Yamana or the Trustee) is responsible for deciding the names of the institutions that will be the initial direct holders.
Events of Default
The term "Event of Default" with respect to Securities of any series means any of the following:
If an Event of Default described in clause (a), (b) or (c) above occurs and is continuing with respect to Securities of any series, then the Trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that series may require the principal amount (or, if the Securities of that series are Original Issue Discount Securities or Indexed Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of that series) of all the outstanding Securities of that series and any accrued but unpaid interest on such Securities be paid immediately. If an Event of Default described in clause (d) or (f) above occurs and is continuing with respect to Securities of one or more series, then the Trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of all series affected thereby (as one class) may require the principal amount (or, if any of the Securities of such affected series are Original Issue Discount Securities or Indexed Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such affected series) of all the outstanding Securities of such affected series and any accrued but unpaid interest on such Securities be paid immediately. If an Event of Default described in clause (e) above occurs and is continuing, then the Trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of all outstanding Securities (as a class) may require the principal amount (or, if the Securities or any series are Original Issue Discount Securities or Indexed Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of that series) of all the outstanding Securities and any accrued but unpaid interest on such Securities be paid immediately. However, at any time after a declaration of acceleration with respect to Securities of any series (or of all series, as the case may be) has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such series (or of all series, as the case may be), by written notice to Yamana and the Trustee, may, under certain circumstances, rescind and annul such acceleration. The applicable Prospectus Supplement will contain
17
provisions relating to acceleration of the maturity of a portion of the principal amount of Original Issue Discount Securities or Indexed Securities upon the occurrence of any Event of Default and the continuation thereof.
Except during default, the Trustee is not obligated to exercise any of its rights and powers under the Indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders, unless the holders have offered to the Trustee reasonable indemnity. If the holders provide reasonable indemnity, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of all series affected by an Event of Default may, subject to certain limitations, direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the Securities of all series affected by such Event of Default.
No holder of a Security of any series will have any right to institute any proceedings, unless:
However, these limitations do not apply to a suit instituted by the holder of a Security for the enforcement of payment of principal of or interest on such Security on or after the applicable due date of such payment.
Yamana will be required to furnish to the Trustee annually an officers' certificate as to the performance of certain of its obligations under the Indenture and as to any default in such performance.
Defeasance
When Yamana uses the term "defeasance", Yamana means discharge from some or all of its obligations under the Indenture with respect to Securities of a particular series. If Yamana deposits with the Trustee sufficient cash or government securities to pay the principal, interest, any premium and any other sums due to the stated maturity or a redemption date of the Securities of a particular series, then at its option:
18
In addition, no Event of Default with respect to the Securities of the applicable series can have occurred and Yamana cannot be an insolvent person under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada). In order for U.S. counsel to deliver the opinion that would allow Yamana to be discharged from all of its obligations under the Securities of any series, Yamana must have received from, or there must have been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or there must have been a change in law so that the deposit and defeasance would not cause holders of the Securities of such series to recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes and so that such holders would be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same time as would have been the case if such defeasance had not occurred.
Modifications and Waivers
Yamana may modify or amend the Indenture with the consent of the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Securities of all series affected by such modification or amendment; provided, however, that Yamana must receive consent from the holder of each outstanding Security of such affected series to:
The holders of a majority in principal amount of Securities of any series may waive Yamana's compliance with certain restrictive provisions of the Indenture with respect to such series. The holders of a majority in principal amount of outstanding Securities of all series with respect to which an Event of Default has occurred may waive any past default under the Indenture, except a default in the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security or in respect of any item listed above.
The Indenture or the Securities may be amended or supplemented, without the consent of any holder of such Securities, in order to, among other things, cure any ambiguity or inconsistency or to make any change, in any case, that does not have a materially adverse effect on the rights of any holder of such Securities.
Consent to Jurisdiction and Service
Under the Indenture, Yamana will irrevocably appoint CT Corporation System, 111 Eighth Avenue, 13th Floor, New York, New York, 10011 as its agent for service of process in any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to the Indenture and the Securities and for actions brought under federal or state securities laws brought in any federal or state court located in The City of New York, and will submit to such non-exclusive jurisdiction.
Governing Law
The Indenture and the Securities will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.
Enforceability of Judgments
Since most of the assets of the Corporation are outside the United States, any judgment obtained in the United States against Yamana may not be satisfied from Yamana's assets located in the United States.
19
Yamana has been informed by its Canadian counsel, Cassels Brock & Blackwell LLP, that a court of competent jurisdiction in the Province of Ontario (an "Ontario Court") can only give a judgment in Canadian dollars. As a result, an Ontario Court would apply an exchange rate converting U.S. dollars into Canadian dollar equivalent determined in accordance with the provisions of the Courts of Justice Act (Ontario) based upon a final and conclusive in personam judgment of a U.S. federal, or New York state, court located in the State of New York (a "New York Court") for a sum certain in money obtained against Yamana with respect to a claim pursuant to the Indenture, without reconsideration of the merits, if:
provided that:
Yamana has been advised by its Canadian counsel that there is some doubt as to the enforceability in Canada, against Yamana, or against any of its respective directors, officers and experts who are not residents of the United States, by a court in original actions or in actions to enforce judgments of United States courts, of civil liabilities predicated solely upon the United States federal securities laws.
The Trustee
The Trustee under the Indenture will be named in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.
20
The Corporation is authorized to issue an unlimited number of Common Shares, of which there were 732,918,016 issued and outstanding as of March 30, 2009. Holders of Common Shares are entitled to receive notice of any meetings of shareholders of the Corporation, to attend and to cast one vote per Common Share at all such meetings. Holders of Common Shares do not have cumulative voting rights with respect to the election of directors and, accordingly, holders of a majority of the Common Shares entitled to vote in any election of directors may elect all directors standing for election. Holders of Common Shares are entitled to receive on a pro rata basis such dividends, if any, as and when declared by the Corporation's board of directors at its discretion from funds legally available therefor and upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation are entitled to receive on a pro rata basis the net assets of the Corporation after payment of debts and other liabilities, in each case subject to the rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions attaching to any other series or class of shares ranking senior in priority to, or on a pro rata basis with, the holders of Common Shares with respect to dividends or liquidation. The Common Shares do not carry any pre-emptive, subscription, redemption or conversion rights, nor do they contain any sinking or purchase fund provisions.
The Corporation may issue Warrants to purchase Debt Securities or Common Shares. This section describes the general terms that will apply to any Warrants for the purchase of Common Shares. As of March 30, 2009, Yamana had outstanding 443,100 warrants with an exercise price of Cdn$10.42, 4,885,621 warrants with an exercise price of Cdn$19.08 and 9,201,300 warrants with an exercise price of Cdn$11.05.
Warrants may be offered separately or together with other Securities, as the case may be. Each series of Warrants will be issued under a separate Warrant indenture to be entered into between the Corporation and one or more banks or trust companies acting as Warrant agent. The applicable Prospectus Supplement will include details of the Warrant indentures covering the Warrants being offered. The Warrant agent will act solely as the agent of the Corporation and will not assume a relationship of agency with any holders of Warrant certificates or beneficial owners of Warrants. The following sets forth certain general terms and provisions of the Warrants offered under this Prospectus. The specific terms of the Warrants, and the extent to which the general terms described in this section apply to those Warrants, will be set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.
The particular terms of each issue of Warrants will be described in the related Prospectus Supplement. This description will include, where applicable:
21
Warrant certificates will be exchangeable for new warrant certificates of different denominations at the office indicated in the Prospectus Supplement. Prior to the exercise of their Warrants, holders of Warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities subject to the Warrants. The Corporation may amend the warrant indenture(s) and the Warrants, without the consent of the holders of the Warrants, to cure any ambiguity, to cure, correct or supplement any defective or inconsistent provision, or in any other manner that will not prejudice the rights of the holders of outstanding Warrants, as a group.
DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS
The Corporation may issue Subscription Receipts, which will entitle holders to receive upon satisfaction of certain release conditions and for no additional consideration, Common Shares, Debt Securities, Warrants or any combination thereof. Subscription Receipts will be issued pursuant to one or more subscription receipt agreements (each, a "Subscription Receipt Agreement"), each to be entered into between the Corporation and an Escrow Agent (the "Escrow Agent"), which will establish the terms and conditions of the Subscription Receipts. Each Escrow Agent will be a financial institution organized under the laws of Canada or a province thereof and authorized to carry on business as a trustee.
The following description sets forth certain general terms and provisions of Subscription Receipts and is not intended to be complete. The statements made in this Prospectus relating to any Subscription Receipt Agreement and Subscription Receipts to be issued thereunder are summaries of certain anticipated provisions thereof and are subject to, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, all provisions of the applicable Subscription Receipt Agreement and the Prospectus Supplement describing such Subscription Receipt Agreement. The Prospectus Supplement relating to any Subscription Receipts the Corporation offers will describe the Subscription Receipts and include specific terms relating to their offering. All such terms will comply with the requirements of the TSX, NYSE and LSE relating to Subscription Receipts. If underwriters or agents are used in the sale of Subscription Receipts, one or more of such underwriters or agents may also be parties to the Subscription Receipt Agreement governing the Subscription Receipts sold to or through such underwriters or agents.
General
The Prospectus Supplement and the Subscription Receipt Agreement for any Subscription Receipts the Corporation offers will describe the specific terms of the Subscription Receipts and may include, but are not limited to, any of the following:
22
of issuance of the Subscription Receipts to the date of issuance of the Debt Securities pursuant to the terms of the Subscription Receipt Agreement);
The holders of Subscription Receipts will not be shareholders of the Corporation. Holders of Subscription Receipts are entitled only to receive Common Shares, Debt Securities, Warrants or a combination thereof on exchange of their Subscription Receipts, plus any cash payments provided for under the Subscription Receipt Agreement, if the Release Conditions are satisfied. If the Release Conditions are not satisfied, Holders of Subscription Receipts shall be entitled to a refund of all or a portion of the subscription price therefor and all or a portion of the pro rata share of interest earned or income generated thereon, as provided in the Subscription Receipt Agreement.
Escrow
The Escrowed Funds will be held in escrow by the Escrow Agent, and such Escrowed Funds will be released to the Corporation (and, if the Subscription Receipts are sold to or through underwriters or agents, a portion of the Escrowed Funds may be released to such underwriters or agents in payment of all or a portion of their fees in connection with the sale of the Subscription Receipts) at the time and under the terms specified by the Subscription Receipt Agreement. If the Release Conditions are not satisfied, holders of Subscription Receipts will receive a refund of all or a portion of the subscription price for their Subscription Receipts plus their
23
pro-rata entitlement to interest earned or income generated on such amount, in accordance with the terms of the Subscription Receipt Agreement. Common Shares, Debt Securities or Warrants may be held in escrow by the Escrow Agent, and will be released to the holders of Subscription Receipts following satisfaction of the Release Conditions at the time and under the terms specified in the Subscription Receipt Agreement.
Anti-Dilution
The Subscription Receipt Agreement will specify that upon the subdivision, consolidation, reclassification or other material change of the Common Shares, Debt Securities or Warrants or any other reorganization, amalgamation, merger or sale of all or substantially all of the Corporation's assets, the Subscription Receipts will thereafter evidence the right of the holder to receive the securities, property or cash deliverable in exchange for or on the conversion of or in respect of the Common Shares, Debt Securities or Warrants to which the holder of a Common Share, Debt Security or Warrant would have been entitled immediately after such event. Similarly, any distribution to all or substantially all of the holders of Common Shares of rights, options, warrants, evidences of indebtedness or assets will result in an adjustment in the number of Common Shares to be issued to holders of Subscription Receipts whose Subscription Receipts entitle the holders thereof to receive Common Shares. Alternatively, such securities, evidences of indebtedness or assets may, at the option of the Corporation, be issued to the Escrow Agent and delivered to holders of Subscription Receipts on exercise thereof. The Subscription Receipt Agreement will also provide that if other actions of the Corporation affect the Common Shares, Debt Securities or Warrants, which, in the reasonable opinion of the directors of the Corporation, would materially affect the rights of the holders of Subscription Receipts and/or the rights attached to the Subscription Receipts, the number of Common Shares, Debt Securities or Warrants which are to be received pursuant to the Subscription Receipts shall be adjusted in such manner, if any, and at such time as the directors of the Corporation may in their discretion reasonably determine to be equitable to the holders of Subscription Receipts in such circumstances.
Rescission
The Subscription Receipt Agreement will also provide that any misrepresentation in this Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement under which the Subscription Receipts are offered, or any amendment thereto, will entitle each initial purchaser of Subscription Receipts to a contractual right of rescission following the issuance of the Common Shares, Debt Securities or Warrants to such purchaser entitling such purchaser to receive the amount paid for the Subscription Receipts upon surrender of the Common Shares, Debt Securities or Warrants, provided that such remedy for rescission is exercised in the time stipulated in the Subscription Receipt Agreement. This right of rescission does not extend to holders of Subscription Receipts who acquire such Subscription Receipts from an initial purchaser, on the open market or otherwise, or to initial purchasers who acquire Subscription Receipts in the United States.
Global Securities
The Corporation may issue Subscription Receipts in whole or in part in the form of one or more global securities, which will be registered in the name of and be deposited with a depositary, or its nominee, each of which will be identified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. The global securities may be in temporary or permanent form. The applicable Prospectus Supplement will describe the terms of any depositary arrangement and the rights and limitations of owners of beneficial interests in any global security. The applicable Prospectus Supplement also will describe the exchange, registration and transfer rights relating to any global security.
Modifications
The Subscription Receipt Agreement will provide for modifications and alterations to the Subscription Receipts issued thereunder by way of a resolution of holders of Subscription Receipts at a meeting of such holders or a consent in writing from such holders. The number of holders of Subscriptions Receipts required to pass such a resolution or execute such a written consent will be specified in the Subscription Receipt Agreement.
24
During the 12 month period before the date of this Prospectus, the Corporation has issued Common Shares as follows(1):
Month of Issuance
|
Number of Common Shares Issued |
Issue Price (Cdn$) |
Reason for Issuance | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
March 2008 | 15,000 | 3.69 | Yamana option exercises | |||||
100,000 | 10.28 | |||||||
82,006 | 9.54 | Northern Orion option exercises | ||||||
154,973 | 9.83 | |||||||
33,503 | 3.68 | Northern Orion warrant exercises | ||||||
140,500 | 5.26 | Viceroy option exercises | ||||||
22,310 | 7.94 | |||||||
21,825 | 9.73 | |||||||
April 2008 | 5,618 | US$3.90 | Meridian option exercises | |||||
2,627 | 9.54 | Northern Orion option exercises | ||||||
147,892 | 3.68 | Northern Orion warrant exercises | ||||||
1,845 | 4.17 | DSM warrant exercises | ||||||
May 2008 | 60,000 | 9.65 | Yamana option exercises | |||||
20,482,232 | 3.68 | Northern Orion warrant exercises | ||||||
1,860 | 4.17 | DSM warrant exercises | ||||||
6,200 | 6.33 | RNC option exercises | ||||||
June 2008 | 25,000 | 9.65 | Yamana option exercises | |||||
27,150 | 9.54 | Northern Orion option exercises | ||||||
5,400 | 4.17 | DSM warrant exercises | ||||||
July 2008 | 25,000 | 3.69 | Yamana option exercises | |||||
105,000 | 9.65 | |||||||
11,230 | US$3.90 | Meridian option exercises | ||||||
3,589 | 5.51 | Northern Orion option exercises | ||||||
3,492 | 5.80 | |||||||
74,273 | 9.54 | |||||||
4,291 | 9.83 | |||||||
22,310 | 1.29 | Viceroy option exercises | ||||||
4,850 | 7.94 | |||||||
21,825 | 9.73 | |||||||
116,250 | 5.26 | |||||||
144 | 4.17 | DSM warrant exercises | ||||||
August 2008 | 20,000 | 9.65 | Yamana option exercises | |||||
50,440 | 1.29 | Viceroy option exercises | ||||||
48,500 | 2.54 | |||||||
1,680 | 4.17 | DSM warrant exercises | ||||||
30,000 | 3.08 | RNC option exercises | ||||||
September 2008 | 1,940 | 2.54 | Viceroy option exercises | |||||
1,940 | 3.66 | |||||||
October 2008 | 1,575 | 4.17 | DSM warrant exercises | |||||
November 2008 | 11,134,250 | 4.17 | DSM warrant exercises | |||||
December 2008 | 22,500,000 | 6.00 | Yamana prospectus offering | |||||
January 2009 | 3,744 | US$5.39 | Meridian option exercises | |||||
10,860 | 9.54 | Northern Orion option exercises | ||||||
February 2009 | 51,392 | 9.83 | Northern Orion option exercises | |||||
46 | 11.05 | Northern Orion warrant exercises | ||||||
7,022 | 5.39 | Meridian option exercises | ||||||
March 2009 | Nil | Nil | |
25
The principal market on which the Common Shares and the common share purchase warrants of the Corporation trade is the TSX. The Common Shares also trade on the NYSE and the LSE.
Common Shares
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated over the past 12 months prior to the date of Prospectus, the high and low prices and the aggregate volume of trading of the Common Shares on the TSX and the NYSE as reported by Bloomberg on an intra-day basis:
|
NYSE | TSX | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Period
|
High | Low | Volume | High | Low | Volume | ||||||||||||||
|
(US$) |
(US$) |
|
(Cdn$) |
(Cdn$) |
|
||||||||||||||
2008 |
||||||||||||||||||||
March |
19.93 | 14.41 | 314,773,021 | 19.79 | 14.80 | 197,355,468 | ||||||||||||||
April |
15.44 | 12.42 | 287,139,549 | 15.51 | 12.57 | 161,504,440 | ||||||||||||||
May |
16.46 | 12.24 | 235,835,573 | 16.19 | 12.49 | 128,423,013 | ||||||||||||||
June |
16.99 | 13.46 | 197,415,621 | 17.22 | 13.80 | 106,591,919 | ||||||||||||||
July |
17.00 | 11.66 | 272,882,632 | 16.87 | 11.96 | 128,872,068 | ||||||||||||||
August |
12.79 | 9.26 | 265,041,706 | 13.14 | 9.89 | 119,296,115 | ||||||||||||||
September |
10.95 | 7.27 | 478,514,413 | 11.20 | 7.81 | 208,605,201 | ||||||||||||||
October |
8.80 | 3.31 | 575,159,274 | 9.33 | 4.29 | 230,949,323 | ||||||||||||||
November |
5.84 | 3.49 | 344,300,672 | 7.48 | 4.47 | 188,519,924 | ||||||||||||||
December |
7.80 | 4.43 | 426,266,656 | 9.49 | 5.76 | 184,291,392 | ||||||||||||||
2009 |
||||||||||||||||||||
January |
7.80 | 4.43 | 363,804,768 | 10.26 | 7.29 | 141,061,760 | ||||||||||||||
February |
9.68 | 7.50 | 413,296,118 | 12.93 | 9.33 | 172,457,809 | ||||||||||||||
March(1) |
9.75 | 7.27 | 371,439,803 | 12.00 | 9.35 | 165,002,262 |
Warrants
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated over the past 12 months prior to the date of Prospectus, the high and low prices and the aggregate volume of trading of the listed common share purchase warrants of the Corporation on the TSX as reported by Bloomberg on an intra-day basis:
|
TSX | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Period
|
High | Low | Volume | ||||||||
|
(Cdn$) |
(Cdn$) |
|
||||||||
2008 |
|||||||||||
March |
5.38 | 3.51 | 1,324,636 | ||||||||
April |
4.00 | 2.55 | 552,924 | ||||||||
May |
3.82 | 2.54 | 379,562 | ||||||||
June |
4.15 | 2.96 | 317,325 | ||||||||
July |
4.18 | 2.26 | 543,412 | ||||||||
August |
2.83 | 1.85 | 530,952 | ||||||||
September |
2.05 | 0.95 | 1,467,780 | ||||||||
October |
1.39 | 0.50 | 2,794,431 | ||||||||
November |
1.06 | 0.62 | 517,790 | ||||||||
December |
1.34 | 0.75 | 810,303 | ||||||||
2009 |
|||||||||||
January |
1.55 | 0.89 | 1,145,728 | ||||||||
February |
2.18 | 1.18 | 1,070,156 | ||||||||
March(1) |
1.87 | 1.36 | 942,736 |
26
The following are the technical reports prepared in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects ("NI 43-101") of the Canadian Securities Administrators from which certain technical information relating to the Corporation's material mineral projects contained in the Annual Information Form incorporated by reference in this Prospectus has been derived:
Such technical information contained in the Annual Information Form and incorporated in this Prospectus by reference is so incorporated in reliance on the authority of those persons as experts in these matters.
Each of the technical reports noted above is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com, and a summary of each report is contained in the Annual Information Form under "Description of the Business Technical Information Mineral Projects", which is incorporated by reference in this Prospectus.
The table below sets forth the qualified persons responsible for the mineral resource and mineral reserve estimates for each of the Corporation's mineral projects as disclosed in the notes to the mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates table set forth under the heading "Technical Information Summary of Mineral Reserve and Mineral Resource Estimates" in the Annual Information Form incorporated by reference in this Prospectus.
Property
|
Qualified Persons for Mineral Reserves | Qualified Persons for Mineral Resources | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Fazenda Brasileiro | Renato Petter, P. Eng., Director of Technical Services, Yamana Gold Inc. | Evandro Cintra, Ph.D., P. Geo., Senior Vice President, Technical Services, Yamana Gold Inc. | ||
C-1 Santa Luz | Enrique Munoz Gonzalez, MAusIMM, Metalica Consultores S.A. | Marco Antonio Alfaro Sironvalle, MAusIMM, Metalica Consultores S.A. | ||
Jacobina | Normand L. Lecuyer, B. Sc., P. Eng., of Scott Wilson Roscoe Postle Associates Inc. | Chester M. Moore, P.Eng., Scott Wilson Roscoe Postle Associates Inc. | ||
São Francisco | Normand L. Lecuyer, B. Sc., P. Eng., of Scott Wilson Roscoe Postle Associates Inc. | Evandro Cintra, Ph.D., P. Geo., Senior Vice President, Technical Services, Yamana Gold Inc. |
27
Property
|
Qualified Persons for Mineral Reserves | Qualified Persons for Mineral Resources | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
São Vicente | Renato Petter, P. Eng., Director of Technical Services, Yamana Gold Inc. | Mario E. Rossi, P. Eng., Principal Geostatiscian, Geosystems International Inc. | ||
Ernesto/Pau-a-Pique | Not applicable | Evandro Cintra, Ph.D., P. Geo., Senior Vice President, Technical Services, Yamana Gold Inc. | ||
Chapada | Marco Antonio Alfaro Sironvalle, MAusIMM, Metalica Consultores S.A. | Marco Antonio Alfaro Sironvalle, MAusIMM, Metalica Consultores S.A. | ||
San Andrés | Rogerio Moreno, MAusIMM, Principal Geologist, MCB Servicos e Mineracao Ltda. | Rogerio Moreno, MAusIMM, Principal Geologist, MCB Servicos e Mineracao Ltda. | ||
Gualcamayo | Renato Petter, P. Eng., Director of Technical Services, Yamana Gold Inc. | Ronald G. Simpson, P. Geo., GeoSim Services Inc. | ||
Pilar de Goiás | Not applicable | Pamela L. De Mark, P. Geo., Senior Consultant, Snowden Mining Industry Consultants Inc. | ||
El Peñón | William H. Wulftange, P. Geo, Director Technical Compliance, Yamana Gold Inc. | Greg Walker, P.Geo., Senior Manager, Resources Estimation, Yamana Gold Inc. | ||
Alhué/Minera Florida | William H. Wulftange, P. Geo, Director Technical Compliance, Yamana Gold Inc. | Greg Walker, P.Geo., Senior Manager, Resources Estimation, Yamana Gold Inc. | ||
Amancaya | Not applicable | Chester M. Moore, P.Eng., Scott Wilson Roscoe Postle Associates Inc. | ||
Agua Rica | Renato Petter, P. Eng., Director of Technical Services, Yamana Gold Inc. | Evandro Cintra, Ph.D., P. Geo., Senior Vice President, Technical Services, Yamana Gold Inc. | ||
Alumbrera | Julio Bruna Novillo, AusIMM, Xstrata Plc | Julio Bruna Novillo, AusIMM, Xstrata Plc | ||
Jeronimo | Not applicable | Chester M. Moore, P. Eng., Scott Wilson Roscoe Postle Associates Inc. | ||
Esquel | Not applicable | Robin J. Young, P. Geo., Western Services Engineering, Inc. | ||
Mercedes | Neil B. Prenn, P. Eng., Principal Engineer, Mine Development Associates | Greg Walker, P.Geo., Senior Manager, Resources Estimation, Yamana Gold Inc. | ||
La Pepa | Not applicable | Chester M. Moore, P. Eng., Scott Wilson Roscoe Postle Associates Inc. |
The aforementioned firms or persons held either less than one percent or no securities of the Corporation or of any associate or affiliate of the Corporation when they prepared the reports, mineral reserve estimates, mineral resource estimates, or technical information referred to, or following the preparation of such reports, mineral reserves, mineral resources or technical information, and either did not receive any or received less than a one percent direct or indirect interest in any securities of the Corporation or of any associate or affiliate of the Corporation in connection with the preparation of such reports, mineral reserves, mineral resources or technical information.
None of the aforementioned firms or persons, nor any directors, officers or employees of such firms, are currently, or are expected to be elected, appointed or employed as, a director, officer or employee of the Corporation or of any associate or affiliate of the Corporation other than Renato Petter, Evandro Cintra, William H. Wulftange, Greg Walker and Marco Antonio Alfaro Sironvalle who recently joined Yamana.
28
Deloitte & Touche LLP is the independent registered chartered accountant of the Corporation and is independent of the Corporation within the meaning of the Rules of Professional Conduct of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of British Columbia. The consolidated financial statements of Yamana incorporated by reference in this Prospectus, and included as part of the Corporation's registration statement on Form F-10, and the effectiveness of Yamana's internal control over financial reporting have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent firm of chartered accountants, as stated in their reports which reports (1) express an unqualified opinion on the consolidated financial statements and includes a separate report titled Comments by Independent Registered Chartered Accountants on Canada-United States of America Reporting Difference relating to changes in accounting principles and (2) express an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Such consolidated financial statements have been so incorporated in reliance upon the reports of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
An investment in securities of the Corporation involves significant risks, which should be carefully considered by prospective investors before purchasing such securities. In addition to information set out or incorporated by reference in this Prospectus, investors should carefully consider the risk factors set out below. Any one of such risk factors could materially affect the Corporation's financial condition and/or future operating results and could cause actual events to differ materially from those described in forward-looking statements relating to the Corporation.
Exploration, Development and Operating Risks
Mining operations generally involve a high degree of risk. Yamana's operations are subject to all the hazards and risks normally encountered in the exploration, development and production of gold, copper and silver, including unusual and unexpected geologic formations, seismic activity, rock bursts, cave-ins, flooding, pit wall failure and other conditions involved in the drilling and removal of material, any of which could result in damage to, or destruction of, mines and other producing facilities, damage to life or property, environmental damage and possible legal liability. Although adequate precautions to minimize risk will be taken, milling operations are subject to hazards such as fire, equipment failure or failure of retaining dams around tailings disposal areas which may result in environmental pollution and consequent liability.
The exploration for and development of mineral deposits involves significant risks, which even a combination of careful evaluation, experience and knowledge may not eliminate. While the discovery of an ore body may result in substantial rewards, few properties that are explored are ultimately developed into producing mines. Major expenses may be required to locate and establish mineral reserves, to develop metallurgical processes and to construct mining and processing facilities at a particular site. It is impossible to ensure that the exploration or development programs planned by Yamana will result in a profitable commercial mining operation. Whether a mineral deposit will be commercially viable depends on a number of factors, some of which are: the particular attributes of the deposit, such as size, grade and proximity to infrastructure; metal prices that are highly cyclical; and government regulations, including regulations relating to prices, taxes, royalties, land tenure, land use, importing and exporting of minerals and environmental protection. The exact effect of these factors cannot be accurately predicted, but the combination of these factors may result in Yamana not receiving an adequate return on invested capital.
There is no certainty that the expenditures made by Yamana towards the search and evaluation of mineral deposits will result in discoveries or development of commercial quantities of ore.
Environmental Risks and Hazards
All phases of the Company's operations are subject to environmental regulation in the various jurisdictions in which it operates. These regulations mandate, among other things, water quality standards and land reclamation and regulate the generation, transportation, storage and disposal of hazardous waste. Environmental legislation is evolving in a manner that will require stricter standards and enforcement, increased fines and penalties for non-compliance, more stringent environmental assessments of proposed projects and a heightened degree of responsibility for companies and their officers, directors and employees. There is no
29
assurance that existing or future environmental regulation will not materially adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
At the Alumbrera Mine, in which the Company holds a 12.5% interest, a sulphate seepage plume has developed in the natural groundwater downstream of the tailings facility, currently within the mining concession. After completing the original model, an initial pump back well mesh was designed and completed before start up, in order to capture the seepage, which is characterized by high levels of dissolved calcium and sulphate. It will be necessary to augment the pump-back wells over the life of the mine in order to contain the plume within the concession and to provide for monitoring wells for the Vis Vis River. Based on the latest groundwater model, the pump-back system will need to be operated for several years after mine closure. The concentrate pipeline at the Alumbrera Mine crosses areas of mountainous terrain, significant rivers, high rainfall and active agriculture. Although various control structures and monitoring programs have been implemented, any rupture of the pipeline poses an environmental risk from spillage of concentrate. Yamana does not have any indemnities from the previous vendors of is interests in the Alumbrera Mine against any potential environmental liabilities that may arise from operations, including, but not limited to, potential liabilities that may arise from the seepage plume or a rupture of the pipeline.
Environmental hazards may also exist on the properties on which the Company holds interests that are unknown to the Company at present and that have been caused by previous or existing owners or operators of the properties.
Government environmental approvals and permits are currently, or may in the future be, required in connection with the Company's operations. To the extent such approvals are required and not obtained, the Company may be curtailed or prohibited from proceeding with planned exploration or development of mineral properties.
Failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations and permitting requirements may result in enforcement actions thereunder, including orders issued by regulatory or judicial authorities causing operations to cease or be curtailed, and may include corrective measures requiring capital expenditures, installation of additional equipment, or remedial actions. Parties engaged in mining operations, including the Company, may be required to compensate those suffering loss or damage by reason of the mining activities and may have civil or criminal fines or penalties imposed for violations of applicable laws or regulations.
Amendments to current laws, regulations and permits governing operations and activities of mining companies, or more stringent implementation thereof, could have a material adverse impact on the Company and cause increases in exploration expenses, capital expenditures or production costs, reduction in levels of production at producing properties, or abandonment or delays in development of new mining properties.
Production at certain of the Company's mines involves the use of sodium cyanide which is toxic material. Should sodium cyanide leak or otherwise be discharged from the containment system then the Company may become subject to liability for clean up work that may not be insured. While appropriate steps will be taken to prevent discharges of pollutants into the ground water and the environment, the Company may become subject to liabitliy for hazards that it may not be insured against. The Company became a signatory to the International Cyanide Code in September 2008. Further information regarding the International Cyanide Code can be found at the International Cyanide Management Institute website located at www.cyanidecode.org.
Current Global Financial Condition
Current global financial conditions have been subject to increased volatility, with numerous financial institutions having either gone into bankruptcy or having to be rescued by government authorities. Access to financing has been negatively impacted by both sub-prime mortgages in the United States and elsewhere and the liquidity crisis affecting the asset-backed commercial paper market. As such, the Company is subject to counterparty risk and liquidity risk. The Company is exposed to various counterparty risks including, but not limited to: (i) through financial institutions that hold the Company's cash, auction rate securities and asset-backed commercial paper; (ii) through companies that have payables to the Company, including concentrate customers; (iii) through providers of its hedging programs; (iv) through shipping service providers that move the Company's material; (v) through the Company's insurance providers; and (vi) through the Company's lenders.
30
The Company is also exposed to liquidity risks in meeting its operating and capital expenditure requirements in instances where cash positions are unable to be maintained or appropriate financing is unavailable. These factors may impact the ability of the Company to obtain loans and other credit facilities in the future and, if obtained, on terms favourable to the Company. If these increased levels of volatility and market turmoil continue, the Company's operations could be adversely impacted and the trading price of the common shares could be adversely affected.
Construction and Start-up of New Mines
The success of construction projects and the start up of new mines by the Company, which currently include the commissioning of the Gualcamayo Mine in Argentina and the São Vicente Mine in Brazil, is subject to a number of factors including the availability and performance of engineering and construction contractors, mining contractors, suppliers and consultants, the receipt of required governmental approvals and permits in connection with the construction of mining facilities and the conduct of mining operations (including environmental permits), the successful completion and operation of ore passes, the ADR plants and conveyors to move ore and other operational elements. Any delay in the performance of any one or more of the contractors, suppliers, consultants or other persons on which the Company is dependent in connection with its construction activities, a delay in or failure to receive the required governmental approvals and permits in a timely manner or on reasonable terms, or a delay in or failure in connection with the completion and successful operation of the operational elements in connection with new mines could delay or prevent the construction and start-up of new mines as planned. There can be no assurance that current or future construction and start-up plans implemented by the Company will be successful; that the Company will be able to obtain sufficient funds to finance construction and start-up activities; that available personnel and equipment will be available in a timely manner or on reasonable terms to successfully complete construction projects; that the Company will be able to obtain all necessary governmental approvals and permits; and that the completion of the construction, the start-up costs and the ongoing operating costs associated with the development of new mines will not be significantly higher than anticipated by the Company. Any of the foregoing factors could adversely impact the operations and financial condition of the Company.
Uncertainty in the Estimation of Mineral Reserves and Mineral Resources
To extend the lives of its mines and projects, ensure the continued operation of the business and realize its growth strategy, it is essential that the Company continues to realize its existing identified reserves, convert resources into reserves, develop its resource base through the realization of identified mineralized potential, and/or undertake successful exploration or acquire new resources.
The figures for Mineral Reserves and Mineral Resources contained in the Company's current Annual Information Form are estimates only and no assurance can be given that the anticipated tonnages and grades will be achieved, that the indicated level of recovery will be realized or that Mineral Reserves could be mined or processed profitably. Actual reserves may not conform to geological, metallurgical or other expectations, and the volume and grade of ore recovered may be below the estimated levels. There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating Mineral Reserves and Mineral Resources, including many factors beyond the Company's control. Such estimation is a subjective process, and the accuracy of any reserve or resource estimate is a function of the quantity and quality of available data and of the assumptions made and judgments used in engineering and geological interpretation. Short-term operating factors relating to the Mineral Reserves, such as the need for orderly development of the ore bodies or the processing of new or different ore grades, may cause the mining operation to be unprofitable in any particular accounting period. In addition, there can be no assurance that gold recoveries in small scale laboratory tests will be duplicated in larger scale tests under on-site conditions or during production. Lower market prices, increased production costs, reduced recovery rates and other factors may result in a revision of its reserve estimates from time to time or may render the Company's reserves uneconomic to exploit. Reserve data are not indicative of future results of operations. If the Company's actual Mineral Reserves and Resources are less than current estimates or if the Company fails to develop its resource base through the realization of identified mineralized potential, its results of operations or financial condition may be materially and adversely affected. Evaluation of reserves and resources occurs from time to time and they may change depending on further geological interpretation, drilling results and metal prices. The
31
category of inferred resource is often the least reliable resource category and is subject to the most variability. The Company regularly evaluates its resources and it often determines the merits of increasing the reliability of its overall resources.
Need for Additional Reserves
Given that mines have limited lives based on proven and probable reserves, the Company must continually replace and expand its reserves at its gold mines. The life-of-mine estimates included in the Company's current Annual Information Form may not be correct. The Company's ability to maintain or increase its annual production of gold will be dependent in significant part on its ability to bring new mines into production and to expand reserves at existing mines.
Uncertainty Relating to Inferred Mineral Resources
Inferred mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability. Due to the uncertainty which may attach to inferred mineral resources, there is no assurance that inferred mineral resources will be upgraded to proven and probable mineral reserves as a result of continued exploration.
Commodity Prices
The profitability of the Company's operations will be dependent upon the market price of mineral commodities. Mineral prices fluctuate widely and are affected by numerous factors beyond the control of the Company. The level of interest rates, the rate of inflation, the world supply of mineral commodities and the stability of exchange rates can all cause significant fluctuations in prices. Such external economic factors are in turn influenced by changes in international investment patterns, monetary systems and political developments. The price of mineral commodities has fluctuated widely in recent years, and future price declines could cause commercial production to be impracticable, thereby having a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
Furthermore, reserve calculations and life-of-mine plans using significantly lower metal prices could result in material write-downs of the Company's investment in mining properties and increased amortization, reclamation and closure charges.
In addition to adversely affecting the Company's reserve estimates and its financial condition, declining commodity prices can impact operations by requiring a reassessment of the feasibility of a particular project. Such a reassessment may be the result of a management decision or may be required under financing arrangements related to a particular project. Even if the project is ultimately determined to be economically viable, the need to conduct such a reassessment may cause substantial delays or may interrupt operations until the reassessment can be completed.
The majority of copper concentrate from the Chapada Mine is shipped overseas to smelters in Europe and India. Transportation costs for the copper concentrate could increase substantially due to the price of oil or a shortage in the number of vessels available to ship concentrate to smelters.
Joint Ventures
Yamana holds an indirect 12.5% interest in the Alumbrera Mine, the other 37.5% and 50% interests being held by Goldcorp Inc. and Xstrata plc, respectively. The Company accounts for this investment under the equity method of accounting. The Company's interest in the Alumbrera Mine is subject to the risks normally associated with the conduct of joint ventures. The existence or occurrence of one or more of the following circumstances and events, for example, could have a material adverse impact on Company's profitability or the viability of its interests held through joint ventures, which could have a material adverse impact on future cash flows, earnings, results of operations and financial condition: disagreement with joint venture partners on how to develop and operate mines efficiently; inability of joint venture partners to meet their obligations to the joint venture or third parties; or litigation arising between joint venture partners regarding joint venture matters.
32
Infrastructure
Mining, processing, development and exploration activities depend, to one degree or another, on adequate infrastructure. Reliable roads, bridges, power sources and water supply are important determinants, which affect capital and operating costs. Unusual or infrequent weather phenomena, sabotage, government or other interference in the maintenance or provision of such infrastructure could adversely affect the Company's operations, financial condition and results of operations.
Permitting
The Company's operations are subject to receiving and maintaining permits from appropriate governmental authorities. There is no assurance that delays will not occur in connection with obtaining all necessary renewals of permits for the existing operations, additional permits for any possible future changes to operations, or additional permits associated with new legislation. Prior to any development on any of its properties, the Company must receive permits from appropriate governmental authorities. There can be no assurance that the Company will continue to hold all permits necessary to develop or continue operating at any particular property.
Insurance and Uninsured Risks
Yamana's business is subject to a number of risks and hazards generally, including adverse environmental conditions, industrial accidents, labour disputes, unusual or unexpected geological conditions, ground or slope failures, cave-ins, catastrophic equipment failures, changes in the regulatory environment and natural phenomena such as inclement weather conditions, floods and earthquakes. Such occurrences could result in damage to mineral properties or production facilities, personal injury or death, environmental damage to the Company's properties or the properties of others, delays in mining, monetary losses and possible legal liability.
Although Yamana maintains insurance to protect against certain risks in such amounts as it considers to be reasonable, its insurance will not cover all the potential risks associated with a mining company's operations. Yamana may also be unable to maintain insurance to cover these risks at economically feasible premiums. Insurance coverage may not continue to be available or may not be adequate to cover any resulting liability. Moreover, insurance against risks such as environmental pollution or other hazards as a result of exploration and production is not generally available to Yamana or to other companies in the mining industry on acceptable terms. Yamana might also become subject to liability for pollution or other hazards that may not be insured against or that Yamana may elect not to insure against because of premium costs or other reasons. Losses from these events may cause Yamana to incur significant costs that could have a material adverse effect upon its financial performance and results of operations.
Economic and Political Instability in Argentina
The Company's Alumbrera, Gualcamayo, Agua Rica and Esquel projects are located in Argentina. There are risks relating to an uncertain or unpredictable political and economic environment in Argentina.
There is the risk of political violence and social tension in Argentina as a result of past economic performance and Argentina has experienced civil unrest, crime and labour unrest at times. For example, roadblocks (piqueterou) by members of the local communities, the unemployed and labour unions sometimes occur on national and provincial routes without notice, which could potentially cause disruptions to access routes near the mine site and affect the supply of goods to the mine from time to time.
Certain political and economic events, such as acts or failures to act by a government authority in Argentina and acts of political violence in Argentina could have a material adverse effect on the Company's ability to operate its mines and projects in Argentina.
Operations in Honduras
The Company's San Andrés Mine is located in Honduras. Honduras is one of the poorest nations in the Western Hemisphere and has often been dependent on aid from the United States, although this dependence has been decreasing as cooperation from other European countries increases. Exploitation of mineral resources in Honduras may be hampered by inadequate road and rail systems as the country remains relatively
33
underdeveloped. In addition, the Honduran government is in the process of reviewing the mining laws in Honduras with a view to increasing royalties and possibly taxation in connection with mining activities in Honduras, as well as making changes in connection with the mine permitting process in Honduras. In the event that such proposed changes to the mining laws are implemented, this could have a material adverse effect on the Company's operations in Honduras.
Increase in Production Costs
Changes in the Company's production costs could have a major impact on its profitability. Its main production expenses are contractor costs, materials, personnel costs and energy. Changes in costs of the Company's mining and processing operations could occur as a result of unforeseen events, including international and local economic and political events, a change in commodity prices, increased costs (including oil, steel and diesel) and scarcity of labour, and could result in changes in profitability or reserve estimates. Many of these factors may be beyond the Company's control.
The Company relies on third party suppliers for a number of raw materials. Any material increase in the cost of raw materials, or the inability by the Company to source third party suppliers for the supply of its raw materials, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations or financial condition.
Land Title
The acquisition of title to mineral properties is a very detailed and time-consuming process. Title to, and the area of, mineral concessions may be disputed. Although the Company believes it has taken reasonable measures to ensure proper title to its properties, there is no guarantee that title to any of its properties will not be challenged or impaired. Third parties may have valid claims underlying portions of the Company's interests, including prior unregistered liens, agreements, transfers or claims, including native land claims, and title may be affected by, among other things, undetected defects. In addition, the Company may be unable to operate its properties as permitted or to enforce its rights with respect to its properties.
The Company's Mining Concessions May be Terminated in Certain Circumstances
The Company's mining concessions may be terminated in certain circumstances. Under the laws of the jurisdictions where the Company's operations, development projects and prospects are located, mineral resources belong to the state and governmental concessions are required to explore for, and exploit, mineral reserves. The Company holds mining, exploration and other related concessions in each of the jurisdictions where it is operating and where it is carrying on development projects and prospects. The concessions held by the Company in respect of its operations, development projects and prospects may be terminated under certain circumstances, including where minimum production levels are not achieved by the Company (or a corresponding penalty is not paid), if certain fees are not paid or if environmental and safety standards are not met. Termination of any one or more of the Company's mining, exploration or other concessions could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition or results of operations.
Competition
The mining industry is intensely competitive in all of its phases and the Company competes with many companies possessing greater financial and technical resources than itself. Competition in the precious metals mining industry is primarily for: mineral rich properties that can be developed and produced economically; the technical expertise to find, develop, and operate such properties; the labour to operate the properties; and the capital for the purpose of funding such properties. Many competitors not only explore for and mine precious metals, but conduct refining and marketing operations on a global basis. Such competition may result in the Company being unable to acquire desired properties, to recruit or retain qualified employees or to acquire the capital necessary to fund its operations and develop its properties. Existing or future competition in the mining industry could materially adversely affect the Company's prospects for mineral exploration and success in the future.
34
Additional Capital
The exploration and development of the Company's properties, including continuing exploration and development projects, and the construction of mining facilities and commencement of mining operations, will require substantial additional financing. Failure to obtain sufficient financing will result in a delay or indefinite postponement of exploration, development or production on any or all of the Company's properties or even a loss of a property interest. Additional financing may not be available when needed or if available, the terms of such financing might not be favourable to the Company and might involve substantial dilution to existing shareholders. Failure to raise capital when needed would have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
Currency Fluctuations
Currency fluctuations may affect the Company's capital costs and the costs that the Company incurs at its operations. Gold is sold throughout the world based principally on a United States dollar price, but a portion of the Company's operating expenses are incurred in Brazilian reais, Honduran lempiras, Argentine pesos, Chilean pesos and Mexican pesos. The appreciation of foreign currencies, particularly the Brazilian real and the Chilean peso, against the United States dollar would increase the costs of gold production at such mining operations, which could materially and adversely affect the Company's earnings and financial condition. The Company has hedged only a portion of its Brazilian real risks and none of the other currencies in which it functions and is therefore exposed to price fluctuation risks.
Write-downs and Impairments
Mining and mineral interests are the most significant assets of the Company and represent capitalized expenditures related to the development of mining properties and related plant and equipment and the value assigned to exploration potential on acquisition. The costs associated with mining properties are separately allocated to exploration potential, reserves and resources and include acquired interests in production, development and exploration-stage properties representing the fair value at the time they were acquired. The values of such mineral properties are primarily driven by the nature and amount of material interests believed to be contained or potentially contained, in properties to which they relate.
The Company reviews and evaluates its mining interests for impairment at least annually or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable, which becomes more of a risk in the global economic conditions that exist currently. An impairment is considered to exist if the total estimated future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the assets. An impairment loss is measured and recorded based on discounted estimated future cash flows. Future cash flows are estimated based on expected future production, commodity prices, operating costs and capital costs. There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating mineral reserves and mineral resources. Differences between management's assumptions and market conditions could have a material effect in the future on the Company's financial position and results of operation.
In addition, with a weaker global economy, there is a larger risk surrounding inventory levels. The assumptions used in the valuation of work-in process inventories by the Company include estimates of gold contained in the ore stacked on leach pads, assumptions of the amount of gold stacked that is expected to be recovered from the leach pads, assumptions of the amount of copper that will be crushed for concentrate, assumptions of the amount of gold and copper in these mill circuits and an assumption of the gold and copper price expected to be realized when the gold and copper is recovered. If these estimates or assumptions prove to be inaccurate, the Company could be required to write-down the recorded value of its work-in-process inventories, which would reduce the Company's earnings and working capital.
Litigation Risks
All industries, including the mining industry, are subject to legal claims, with and without merit. The Company is currently involved in litigation of a non-material nature and may become involved in legal disputes in the future. Defence and settlement costs can be substantial, even with respect to claims that have no merit. Due to the inherent uncertainty of the litigation process, there can be no assurance that the resolution of any
35
particular legal proceeding will not have a material effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations.
In 2004, a former director of Northern Orion commenced proceedings in Argentina against Northern Orion claiming damages in the amount of $177 million for alleged breaches of agreements entered into by the plaintiff. The plaintiff alleged that the agreements entitle him to a pre-emption right to participate in acquisitions by Northern Orion in Argentina and claimed damages in connection with the acquisition by Northern Orion of its indirect 12.5% equity interest in the Alumbrera project. On August 22, 2008, the National Commercial Court No. 8 of the City of Buenos Aires issued a first-instance judgment rejecting the claim. The plaintiff appealed this judgment and a decision of the appellate court is pending. While the Company considers that the plaintiff's allegations are unfounded and has been advised by its Argentine counsel that the appeal is unlikely to be successful, the outcome is not certain. There is no assurance that the Company will be wholly successful in confirming the first-instance judgment at appellate courts.
Use of Derivatives
From time to time the Company uses or may use certain derivative products to manage the risks associated with changes in gold prices, copper prices, interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and energy prices. The use of derivative instruments involves certain inherent risks including, among other things: (i) credit risk the risk of default on amounts owing to the Company by the counterparties with which Company has entered into such transaction; (ii) market liquidity risk risk that the Company has entered into a derivative position that cannot be closed out quickly, by either liquidating such derivative instrument or by establishing an offsetting position; (iii) unrealized mark-to-market risk the risk that, in respect of certain derivative products, an adverse change in market prices for commodities, currencies or interest rates will result in the Company incurring an unrealized mark-to-market loss in respect of such derivative products.
If the copper price rises above the price at which future production has been committed under the Company's fixed-price copper forward sales hedge program, the Company may have an opportunity loss. However, if the copper price falls below that committed price, revenues will be protected to the extent of such committed production. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to achieve in the future realized prices for copper that exceed the fixed-price copper forward sales hedge program. The Company does not engage in hedging arrangements relating to the gold price and is therefore exposed to price fluctuation risks.
Acquisitions and Integration
From time to time, the Company examines opportunities to acquire additional mining assets and businesses. Any acquisition that the Company may choose to complete may be of a significant size, may change the scale of the Company's business and operations, and may expose the Company to new geographic, political, operating, financial and geological risks. The Company's success in its acquisition activities depends on its ability to identify suitable acquisition candidates, negotiate acceptable terms for any such acquisition, and integrate the acquired operations successfully with those of the Company. Any acquisitions would be accompanied by risks. For example, there may be a significant change in commodity prices after the Company has committed to complete the transaction and established the purchase price or exchange ratio; a material orebody may prove to be below expectations; the Company may have difficulty integrating and assimilating the operations and personnel of any acquired companies, realizing anticipated synergies and maximizing the financial and strategic position of the combined enterprise, and maintaining uniform standards, policies and controls across the organization; the integration of the acquired business or assets may disrupt the Company's ongoing business and its relationships with employees, customers, suppliers and contractors; and the acquired business or assets may have unknown liabilities which may be significant. In the event that the Company chooses to raise debt capital to finance any such acquisition, the Company's leverage will be increased. If the Company chooses to use equity as consideration for such acquisition, existing shareholders may suffer dilution. Alternatively, the Company may choose to finance any such acquisition with its existing resources. There can be no assurance that the Company would be successful in overcoming these risks or any other problems encountered in connection with such acquisitions.
36
Governmental Regulation of the Mining Industry
The mineral exploration activities of the Company are subject to various laws governing prospecting, development, production, taxes, labour standards and occupational health, mine safety, toxic substances and other matters. Mining and exploration activities are also subject to various laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. Although the Company believes that its exploration activities are currently carried out in accordance with all applicable rules and regulations, no assurance can be given that new rules and regulations will not be enacted or that existing rules and regulations will not be applied in a manner that could limit or curtail production or development of the Company's properties. Amendments to current laws and regulations governing the operations and activities of the Company or more stringent implementation thereof could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
Foreign Operations
The Company's operations are currently conducted in foreign jurisdictions, including Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Mexico, Nicaragua, Honduras and some activity in Peru and Columbia, and, as such, the Company's operations are exposed to various levels of political, economic and other risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties vary from country to country and include, but are not limited to: terrorism; hostage taking; military repression; extreme fluctuations in currency exchange rates; high rates of inflation; labour unrest; the risks of war or civil unrest; expropriation and nationalization; renegotiation or nullification of existing concessions, licences, permits and contracts; illegal mining; changes in taxation policies; restrictions on foreign exchange and repatriation; and changing political conditions, currency controls and governmental regulations that favour or require the awarding of contracts to local contractors or require foreign contractors to employ citizens of, or purchase supplies from, a particular jurisdiction.
Changes, if any, in mining or investment policies or shifts in political attitude in any of the jurisdictions in which the Company operates may adversely affect the Company's operations or profitability. Operations may be affected in varying degrees by government regulations with respect to, but not limited to, restrictions on production, price controls, export controls, currency remittance, income and other taxes, expropriation of property, foreign investment, maintenance of claims, environmental legislation, land use, land claims of local people, water use and mine safety.
Failure to comply strictly with applicable laws, regulations and local practices relating to mineral right applications and tenure, could result in loss, reduction or expropriation of entitlements, or the imposition of additional local or foreign parties as joint venture partners with carried or other interests.
The occurrence of these various factors and uncertainties cannot be accurately predicted and could have an adverse effect on the Company's operations or profitability.
Labour and Employment Matters
While the Company has good relations with both its unionized and non-unionized employees, production at its mining operations is dependant upon the efforts of the Company's employees. In addition, relations between the Company and its employees may be affected by changes in the scheme of labour relations that may be introduced by the relevant governmental authorities in whose jurisdictions the Company carries on business. Changes in such legislation or in the relationship between the Company and its employees may have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, results of operations and financial condition.
Foreign Subsidiaries
The Company is a holding company that conducts operations through foreign subsidiaries and substantially all of its assets are held in such entities. Accordingly, any limitation on the transfer of cash or other assets between the parent corporation and such entities, or among such entities, could restrict the Company's ability to fund its operations efficiently. Any such limitations, or the perception that such limitations may exist now or in the future, could have an adverse impact on the Company's valuation and stock price.
37
Market Price of Common Shares
The common shares and the common share purchase warrants of Northern Orion assumed by the Company under the respective acquisition of Northern Orion that are exercisable for common shares are listed on the TSX, and the common shares are also listed on the NYSE and the LSE. The price of the common shares is likely to be significantly affected by short-term changes in gold prices or in its financial condition or results of operations as reflected in its quarterly earnings reports. Other factors unrelated to the Company's performance that may have an effect on the price of the common shares include the following: the extent of analytical coverage available to investors concerning the Company's business may be limited if investment banks with research capabilities do not continue to follow the Company's securities; the lessening in trading volume and general market interest in the Company's securities may affect an investor's ability to trade significant numbers of common shares; and the size of the Company's public float may limit the ability of some institutions to invest in the Company's securities.
As a result of any of these factors, the market price of the common shares at any given point in time may not accurately reflect the Company's long-term value. Securities class action litigation often has been brought against companies following periods of volatility in the market price of their securities. The Company may in the future be the target of similar litigation. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and damages and divert management's attention and resources.
Dividend Policy
The Company paid its first quarterly dividend of $0.01 per share on October 13, 2006 and began paying monthly dividends of $0.01 per common share from July 2008 through December 2008. The Company has established a dividend policy providing for a dividend yield that is consistent with the yield of comparable companies' dividend rates and will be reviewed on a periodic basis and assessed in relation to the growth of the operating cash flows of the Company. As of the end of 2008, the dividend yield in respect of the common shares had become significantly more than the yield implied by comparable companies' dividend rates and the yield implied on the common shares when the Company's dividend policy was initially instituted. In January 2009, the Company's board of directors amended the Company's dividend policy to return to quarterly dividends of $0.01 per share, commencing in the first quarter of 2009.
Payment of any future dividends will be at the discretion of the Company's board of directors after taking into account many factors, including the Company's operating results, financial condition, comparability of the dividend yield to peer gold companies and current and anticipated cash needs.
Dilution to Common Shares
During the life of the Company's outstanding common share purchase warrants, as well as options and other rights granted or assumed by the Company, the holders are given an opportunity to profit from a rise in the market price of the common shares with a resulting dilution in the interest of the other shareholders. The Company's ability to obtain additional financing during the period such rights are outstanding may be adversely affected and the existence of the rights may have an adverse effect on the price of the common shares. The holders of common share purchase warrants, options and other rights of Company may exercise such securities at a time when the Company would, in all likelihood, be able to obtain any needed capital by a new offering of securities on terms more favourable than those provided by the outstanding rights.
The increase in the number of common shares in the market and the possibility of sales of such shares may have a depressive effect on the price of the common shares. In addition, as a result of such additional common shares, the voting power of the Company's existing shareholders will be diluted.
Future Sales of Common Shares by Existing Shareholders
Sales of a large number of common shares in the public markets, or the potential for such sales, could decrease the trading price of the common shares and could impair the Company's ability to raise capital through future sales of common shares. Substantially all of the common shares not held by affiliates of the Company can be resold without material restriction either in the United States, in Canada or both.
38
Dependence Upon Key Management Personnel and Executives
The Company is dependent upon a number of key management personnel. The loss of the services of one or more of such key management personnel could have a material adverse effect on the Company. The Company's ability to manage its operating, development, exploration and financing activities will depend in large part on the efforts of these individuals. The Company faces intense competition for qualified personnel, and there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to attract and retain such personnel. The Company has entered into employment agreements with certain of its key executives.
Possible Conflicts of Interest of Directors and Officers of the Company
Certain of the directors and officers of the Company also serve as directors and/or officers of other companies involved in natural resource exploration and development and, consequently, there exists the possibility for such directors and officers to be in a position of conflict. The Company expects that any decision made by any of such directors and officers involving the Company will be made in accordance with their duties and obligations to deal fairly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the Company and its shareholders, but there can be no assurance in this regard. In addition, each of the directors is required to declare and refrain from voting on any matter in which such directors may have a conflict of interest or which are governed by the procedures set forth in the Canada Business Corporations Act and any other applicable law.
39
We have read the preliminary short form base shelf prospectus of Yamana Gold Inc. (the "Corporation") dated March 31, 2009 qualifying the distribution of certain securities of the Corporation. We have complied with Canadian generally accepted standards for an auditor's involvement with offering documents.
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the above-mentioned prospectus of our report to the board of directors and shareholders of the Corporation on the consolidated balance sheets of the Corporation as at December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' equity, comprehensive income and cash flows for each of the years in the three year period ended December 31, 2008. Our report is dated March 16, 2009.
Vancouver, British Columbia | (Signed) DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP | |
March 31, 2009 | Chartered Accountants |
40
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED TO BE DELIVERED TO OFFEREES OR PURCHASERS
Indemnification.
Under the Canada Business Corporations Act (the "CBCA"), the Registrant may indemnify a present or former director or officer of the Registrant or another individual who acts or acted at the Registrant's request as a director or officer, or an individual acting in a similar capacity, of another entity, against all costs, charges and expenses, including an amount paid to settle an action or satisfy a judgment, reasonably incurred by the individual in respect of any civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or other proceeding in which the individual is involved because of that association with the Registrant or other entity. The Registrant may not indemnify an individual unless the individual acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the Registrant, or, as the case may be, to the best interests of the other entity for which the individual acted as a director or officer or in a similar capacity at the Registrant's request and in the case of a criminal or administrative action or proceeding that is enforced by a monetary penalty, the individual had reasonable grounds for believing that the conduct was lawful. The indemnification may be made in connection with a derivative action only with court approval. The aforementioned individuals are entitled to indemnification from the Registrant as a matter of right if they were not judged by the court or other competent authority to have committed any fault or omitted to do anything that the individual ought to have done. The Registrant may advance moneys to the individual for the costs, charges and expenses of a proceeding; however, the individual shall repay the moneys if the individual does not fulfill the conditions set out above.
The by-laws of the Registrant provide that, subject to the CBCA, the Registrant shall indemnify a director or officer, a former director or officer, or a person who acts or acted at the Registrant's request as a director or officer, or an individual acting in a similar capacity, of another entity against all costs, charges and expenses, including an amount paid to settle an action or satisfy a judgment, reasonably incurred by him or her in respect of any civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or other action or proceeding to which he or she was involved because of that association with the Registrant or other entity, if he or she acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the Registrant, or, as the case may be, to the best interests of the other entity for which the individual acted as a director or officer or in a similar capacity at the Registrant's request, and in the case of a criminal or administrative action or proceeding that is enforced by a monetary penalty, he or she had reasonable grounds for believing that his or her conduct was lawful.
The by-laws of the Registrant provide that the Registrant may, subject to the CBCA, purchase and maintain insurance for the benefit of any director, officer, or certain other persons as set out above, against any liability incurred by him or her in his or her capacity as a director or officer of the Registrant or an individual acting in a similar capacity of the Registrant or of another body corporate where he or she acts or acted in that capacity at the Registrant's request. The Registrant has purchased third party director and officer liability insurance.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, the Registrant has been informed that in the opinion of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
Exhibits.
The exhibits listed in the exhibits index, appearing elsewhere in this Registration Statement, have been filed as part of this Registration Statement.
II-1
PART III
UNDERTAKING AND CONSENT TO SERVICE OF PROCESS
The Registrant undertakes to make available, in person or by telephone, representatives to respond to inquiries made by the Commission staff, and to furnish promptly, when requested to do so by the Commission staff, information relating to the securities registered pursuant to Form F-10 or to transactions in said securities.
Item 2. Consent to Service of Process
(a) Concurrently with the filing of this Registration Statement on Form F-10, the Registrant has filed with the Commission a written irrevocable consent and power of attorney on Form F-X.
(b) Any change to the name or address of the agent for service of the Registrant shall be communicated promptly to the Commission by amendment to Form F-X referencing the file number of the Registration Statement.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-10 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Toronto, Province of Ontario, Canada, on March 31, 2009.
YAMANA GOLD INC. | |||
By: |
/s/ Peter Marrone Peter Marrone Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Peter Marrone or Charles Main, and each of them, any of whom may act without the joinder of the other, the true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for and in the name, place and stead of the undersigned, in any and all capacities, to sign one or more Registration Statements on Form F-10 and any or all amendments to the above Registration Statements, including post-effective amendments; and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent or the substitutes for such attorney-in-fact and agent, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
Signature | Title | Date | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
/s/ Peter Marrone Peter Marrone |
Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) |
March 31, 2009 | ||
/s/ Charles B. Main Charles Main |
Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) |
March 31, 2009 |
||
/s/ Patrick Mars Patrick Mars |
Director |
March 31, 2009 |
||
/s/ John Begeman John Begeman |
Director |
March 31, 2009 |
||
/s/ Richard Graff Richard Graff |
Director |
March 31, 2009 |
||
/s/ Robert Horn Robert Horn |
Director |
March 31, 2009 |
||
/s/ Nigel Lees Nigel Lees |
Director |
March 31, 2009 |
||
/s/ Juvenal Mesquita Filho Juvenal Mesquita Filho |
Director |
March 31, 2009 |
||
/s/ Carl Renzoni Carl Renzoni |
Director |
March 31, 2009 |
||
/s/ Antenor Silva Antenor Silva |
President and Director |
March 31, 2009 |
||
/s/ Dino Titaro Dino Titaro |
Director |
March 31, 2009 |
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 6(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, the undersigned has signed this Registration Statement, solely in its capacity as the duly authorized representative of Yamana Gold Inc. in the United States on March 31, 2009.
MERIDIAN GOLD COMPANY | ||||
By: |
/s/ Jacqueline A. Jones Name: Jacqueline A. Jones Title: Vice President and Secretary |
Exhibit Number |
Description | |
---|---|---|
4.1 | The Registrant's annual information form for the year ended December 31, 2008, dated March 31, 2009 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 40-F filed March 31, 2009). | |
4.2 |
The audited consolidated balance sheets of the Registrant as at December 31, 2008 and 2007 and the consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' equity, comprehensive income and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, together with the auditors' report thereon and the notes thereto (incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 40-F filed March 31, 2009). |
|
4.3 |
The Registrant's management's discussion and analysis of operations and financial condition for the year ended December 31, 2008 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 40-F filed on March 31, 2009). |
|
4.4 |
The Registrant's management information circular dated April 7, 2008 prepared in connection with the annual and special meeting of shareholders held on May 14, 2008 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Report on Form 6-K furnished on April 24, 2008). |
|
4.5 |
The Registrant's material change report dated January 5, 2009 in respect of the Registrant securing a further $200 million revolving credit facility and the completion of the Registrant's previously announced equity financing (incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Report on Form 6-K furnished on February 3, 2009). |
|
5.1(*) |
Consents of Deloitte & Touche LLP, Independent Registered Chartered Accountants. |
|
5.2(*) |
Consent of Cassels Brock & Blackwell LLP. |
|
5.3(*) |
Consent of R. Petter. |
|
5.4(*) |
Consent of E. Cintra. |
|
5.5(*) |
Consent of E. Muñoz Gonzalez. |
|
5.6(*) |
Consent of M. Alfaro Sironvalle. |
|
5.7(*) |
Consent of N. Lecuyer. |
|
5.8(*) |
Consent of M. Rossi. |
|
5.9(*) |
Consent of C. Moore. |
|
5.10(*) |
Consent of R. Moreno. |
|
5.11(*) |
Consent of R. Simpson. |
|
5.12(*) |
Consent of P. de Mark. |
|
5.13(*) |
Consent of W. Wulftange. |
|
5.14(*) |
Consent of G. Walker. |
|
5.15(*) |
Consent of J. Novillo |
|
5.16(*) |
Consent of R. Young. |
|
5.17(*) |
Consent of N. Prenn. |
|
5.18(*) |
Consent of J. Pearson. |
|
5.19(*) |
Consent of D. Rennie. |
|
5.20(*) |
Consent of H. Agnerian. |
|
5.21(*) |
Consent of H. Delboni. |
|
6.1 |
Powers of Attorney (contained in the signature pages of this Registration Statement on Form F-10). |
|
7.1(**) |
Form of indenture. |