As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 20, 2007
Registration No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
DUKE REALTY CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Indiana |
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35-1740409 |
(State or other jurisdiction of |
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(I.R.S. Employer |
incorporation or organization) |
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Identification Number) |
600 East 96th Street, Suite 100
Indianapolis, Indiana 46240
(317) 808-6000
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrants principal executive offices)
Dennis D. Oklak, Chief Executive Officer
Duke Realty Corporation
600 East 96th Street, Suite 100
Indianapolis, Indiana 46240
(317) 808-6000
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to:
Howard L. Feinsand, Esq. |
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Mark C. Kanaly, Esq. |
Executive Vice President and General Counsel |
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Alston & Bird LLP |
Duke Realty Corporation |
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One Atlantic Center |
600 East 96th Street, Suite 100 |
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1201 West Peachtree Street, N.W. |
Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 |
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Atlanta, Georgia 30309-3424 |
(317) 808-6000 |
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(404) 881-7000 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to public: From time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. o
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or reinvestment plans, check the following box. x
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. x
If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. o
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
Title of each class of securities |
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Amount to be |
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Proposed maximum |
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Proposed maximum |
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Amount of |
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Common stock, $.01 par value per share |
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11,747,135 |
(1) |
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$ |
46.11 |
(2) |
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$ |
541,660,395 |
(2) |
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$ |
16,629 |
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(1) Represents the maximum number of shares of Duke Realty Corporations common stock, par value $.01 per share, issuable upon exchange of the 3.75% Exchangeable Senior Notes due 2011 of Duke Realty Limited Partnership at an exchange rate corresponding to the maximum exchange rate of 20.4298 shares of Duke Realty Corporations common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the notes. Pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act, such number of shares of common stock registered hereby shall include an indeterminable number of shares of Duke Realty Corporations common stock that may be issued in connection with a stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization or similar event.
(2) The proposed maximum offering price per share with respect to the 11,747,135 shares being registered pursuant to this Registration Statement is $46.11, estimated solely for the purpose of computing the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(a) under the Securities Act, and, in accordance with Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act, is based upon the average of the high and low reported sale prices of Duke Realty Corporations common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on February 13, 2007.
PROSPECTUS
DUKE REALTY CORPORATION
11,747,135 Shares
Common Stock
Our operating partnership, Duke Realty Limited Partnership, issued and sold $575 million aggregate principal amount of its 3.75% Exchangeable Senior Notes due 2011, or the notes, in a private transaction on November 22, 2006. Under certain circumstances, we may issue shares of our common stock upon the exchange or redemption of the notes. In such circumstances, the recipients of such common stock, whom we refer to as the selling shareholders, may use this prospectus to resell from time to time the shares of our common stock that we may issue to them upon the exchange or redemption of the notes. Additional selling shareholders may be named by future prospectus supplements.
We have registered the offering and resale of the shares to allow the selling shareholders to sell any or all of their shares of common stock on the New York Stock Exchange or in private transactions using any of the methods described in this prospectus. See Plan of Distribution. The registration of the shares does not necessarily mean that the selling shareholders will exchange their notes for our common stock, that upon any exchange or redemption of the notes we will elect, in our sole and absolute discretion, to exchange or redeem some or all of the notes for shares of our common stock rather than cash, or that any shares of our common stock received upon exchange or redemption of the notes will be sold by the selling shareholders under this prospectus or otherwise.
We will not receive proceeds from any issuance of shares of our common stock to the selling shareholders or from any sale of such shares by the selling shareholders, but we have agreed to pay certain registration expenses relating to such shares of our common stock. The selling shareholders from time to time may offer and sell the shares held by them directly or through agents or broker-dealers on terms to be determined at the time of sale, as described in more detail in this prospectus.
To assist us in complying with certain federal income tax requirements applicable to real estate investment trusts, or REITs, our articles of incorporation contain certain restrictions relating to the ownership and transfer of our capital stock. See Restrictions on Ownership beginning on page 5 of this prospectus.
Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange, or the NYSE, under the symbol DRE. On February 16, 2007, the last sales price of our common stock reported on the NYSE was $46.67 per share.
The selling shareholders and any agents or broker-dealers that participate with the selling shareholders in the distribution of common stock may be deemed to be underwriters under the Securities Act of 1933. See Plan of Distribution.
You should carefully read and consider the risk factors included in our periodic reports and other information that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission before investing in shares of our common stock.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is February 20, 2007.
We include cross references to captions elsewhere in this prospectus where you can find related additional information. The following table of contents tells you where to find these captions.
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IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
Please carefully read the information in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplements, which we refer to collectively as the prospectus. You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. This prospectus may only be used where it is legal to sell these securities. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate as of any date later than the date hereof or such other dates as are stated herein or as of the respective dates of any documents or other information incorporated herein by reference.
In this prospectus, the words Duke, we, us and our refer to Duke Realty Corporation, and the term Operating Partnership refers to Duke Realty Limited Partnership, of which we are the sole General Partner.
This prospectus is part of an automatic shelf registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, as a well-known seasoned issuer as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, using a shelf registration process. Under this shelf registration process, the selling shareholders named in this prospectus may sell our common stock from time to time. This prospectus provides you with a general description of our common stock that any selling shareholder may offer. Each time that any selling shareholder sells shares of our common stock, the selling shareholder will provide a prospectus containing specific information about the terms of the applicable offering, as required by law. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus or information incorporated by reference herein is current as of any date other than the date of such information. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects and the business may have changed since that date. A prospectus supplement may add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement. It is important for you to consider the information contained in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with additional information described under the heading Where You Can Find More Information before you decide whether to invest in our common stock.
Selling shareholders may offer the shares directly, through agents, or to or through underwriters. A prospectus supplement may describe the terms of the plan of distribution and set forth the names of any underwriters involved in the sale of the securities. See Plan of Distribution beginning on page 26.
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
Duke files annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any document that Duke files with the SEC at the SECs Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at (800) SEC-0330 for further information about the Public Reference Room. Our reports, proxy statements and other filings with the SEC are also available to the public through the SECs Internet site at www.sec.gov. In addition, since some of our securities are listed on the NYSE, you can read our SEC filings at the offices of the NYSE, located at 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE
The SECs rules allow us to incorporate information into this prospectus by reference. This means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document. Any information referred to in this way is considered part of this prospectus from the date we file that document. Any reports filed by us with the SEC after the date of this prospectus will automatically update and, where applicable, supersede any information contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference in to this prospectus.
We incorporate by reference the following documents or information filed with the SEC (other than, in each case, documents or information deemed to have been furnished and not filed in accordance with SEC rules):
· our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005;
· our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, June 30 and September 30, 2006;
· our Current Reports on Form 8-K and/or Form 8-K/A filed January 30, January 31, February 7, February 24, March 3, March 14, May 2, May 10, June 21, July 6, July 27, July 28, August 23, August 30, November 14, November 16, November 17, November 29, December 11 and December 14, 2006, and February 7, 2007;
· the description of our common stock included in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A dated January 2, 1986, as amended; and
· all documents filed by us under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, on or after the date of this prospectus and before the termination of this offering.
We will provide without charge to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom this prospectus is delivered, upon his or her written or oral request, a copy of any or all documents referred to above that have been or may be incorporated by reference into this prospectus, excluding exhibits to those documents unless they are specifically incorporated by reference into those documents. You may request a copy of these filings, at no cost, by contacting us at:
Duke Realty Corporation
600 East 96th Street, Suite 100
Indianapolis, Indiana 46240
Telephone: (317) 808-6000
Attention: Investor Relations
We also maintain an Internet site at www.dukerealty.com. The information found on, or otherwise accessible through, our website is not incorporated by reference into, and is not otherwise a part of, this prospectus or any other document that we file with or furnish to the SEC.
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CAUTIONARY NOTICE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus, including, without limitation, those related to our future operations, constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. The words believe, estimate, expect, anticipate, intend, plan, seek, may, and similar expressions or statements regarding future periods are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements, or industry results, to differ materially from any predictions of future results, performance or achievements that we express or imply in this prospectus or in the information incorporated by reference into this prospectus. Some of the risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may affect future results include, among others:
· Changes in general economic and business conditions, including performance of financial markets;
· Our continued qualification as a REIT;
· Heightened competition for tenants and potential decreases in property occupancy;
· Potential increases in real estate construction costs;
· Potential changes in the financial markets and interest rates;
· Our continuing ability to favorably raise funds through the issuance of debt and equity in the capital markets;
· Our ability to successfully identify, acquire, develop and/or manage properties on terms that are favorable to us;
· Our ability to successfully dispose of properties on terms that are favorable to us;
· Inherent risks in the real estate business including tenant defaults, potential liability relating to environmental matters and liquidity of real estate investments; and
· Other risks and uncertainties described or incorporated by reference herein, including, without limitation, those risks and uncertainties discussed from time to time in our other reports and other public filings with the SEC.
This list of risks and uncertainties, however, is only a summary of some of the most important factors and is not intended to be exhaustive. Additional information regarding risk factors that may affect us is included under the caption Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005, which we filed with the SEC on March 7, 2006, and is updated by us from time to time in Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and other filings that we make with the SEC.
Although we presently believe that the plans, expectations and results expressed in or suggested by the forward-looking statements are reasonable at the time they were made, all forward-looking statements are inherently uncertain, and subject to change, as they involve substantial risks and uncertainties beyond our control. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict the nature, or assess the potential impact, of each new factor on our business. Given these uncertainties, we caution you not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any of our forward-looking statements for events or circumstances that arise after the statement is made, except as required by law.
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Investment in our common stock offered pursuant to this prospectus involves risks. You should carefully consider the risk factors incorporated into this prospectus by reference to our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and the other information contained in this prospectus, as updated by our subsequent filings under the Exchange Act before investing our common stock. The occurrence of any of these risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment in our common stock. Please also refer to the section above entitled Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.
Duke Realty Corporation is a self-administered and self-managed REIT that began operations through a related entity in 1972. As of December 31, 2006, we:
· owned or controlled 721 industrial, office and retail properties (including properties under development), consisting of approximately 113.8 million square feet; and
· owned or jointly controlled more than 6,400 acres of land with an estimated future development potential of approximately 93 million square feet of industrial, office and retail properties.
We provide the following services for our properties and for certain properties owned by third parties and joint ventures:
· property leasing;
· property management;
· construction;
· development; and
· other tenant-related services.
We are one of the largest publicly-traded and most vertically integrated office/industrial real estate companies in the United States. In addition to our office and industrial product focus in the Midwest, Southeast, Mid-Atlantic and Southwest United States, we selectively pursue retail development opportunities, as well as nationwide opportunities, through our National Development and Construction Group. In addition, through our acquisition of Bremner Healthcare Real Estate, we believe that we are well-positioned to provide development expertise to medical office clients.
We directly or indirectly hold all of the interests in our properties and land and conduct all of our operations through the Operating Partnership. We control the Operating Partnership as its sole General Partner and owned, as of December 31, 2006, approximately 91.5% of the Operating Partnerships outstanding common units. Holders of common units in the Operating Partnership (other than us) may exchange them for our common stock on a one for one basis. When common units are exchanged for common stock, our percentage interest in the Operating Partnership increases.
As of December 31, 2006, our properties had a diverse and stable base of more than 3,500 tenants. Many of the tenants are Fortune 500 companies and engage in a wide variety of businesses, including manufacturing, retail, wholesale trade, distribution, and professional services. As of December 31, 2006, no single tenant accounted for more than 1.15% of our total gross effective rent (computed using the average annual rental property revenue over the terms of the respective leases, including landlord operating expense allowances, but excluding additional rent due as operating expense reimbursements).
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We are filing the registration statement, of which this prospectus forms a part, pursuant to our contractual obligation to the holders of the notes named in the section entitled Selling Shareholders. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the resale of shares of our common stock from time to time by such selling shareholders.
The selling shareholders will pay any underwriting discounts and commissions and expenses they incur for brokerage, accounting, tax or legal services or any other expenses they incur in disposing of the shares. We will bear all other costs, fees and expenses incurred in effecting the registration of the shares covered by this prospectus. These may include, without limitation, all registration and filing fees, NYSE listing fees, fees and expenses of our counsel and accountants, and blue sky fees and expenses.
The following description of shares of our common stock, par value $.01 per share, is a summary only and is subject to applicable provisions of the Indiana Business Corporation Law and to our articles of incorporation and bylaws. You should refer to, and read this summary together with, our articles of incorporation and bylaws to review all of the terms of our common stock.
Our authorized capital stock includes 250,000,000 shares of common stock, $.01 par value per share. Each outstanding share of our common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters presented to shareholders for a vote. Holders of our common stock have no preemptive rights.
Holders of our common stock have no right to cumulative voting for the election of directors. Consequently, because each member of our board of directors serves only a one-year term, the holders of a majority of the shares of our common stock voting are able to elect all of the directors at each annual shareholders meeting.
Our shares of common stock currently outstanding are listed on the NYSE under the symbol DRE. The shares of our common stock to be sold pursuant to this prospectus have been approved for listing on the NYSE.
All shares of our common stock sold pursuant to this prospectus will be duly authorized and issued, fully paid, and non-assessable. Distributions may be paid to the holders of our common stock if and when declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available for such distributions. We presently intend to continue to pay quarterly dividends.
Our shareholders are entitled to share ratably in the assets legally available for distribution to our shareholders in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, voluntarily or involuntarily, after payment of, or adequate provision for, all of our known debts and liabilities. These rights are subject to the preferential rights of any other class or series of our stock that may then be outstanding and to the provisions of our articles of incorporation regarding restrictions on transfer of our stock to preserve our status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.
Under Indiana law, shareholders generally are not liable for our debts or obligations. If we are liquidated, after payment or provision for all of our known debts and liabilities and any preferential distributions required to be made to holders of our preferred stock, each outstanding share of our common stock will be entitled to participate on a pro rata basis in the remaining assets.
Holders of our shares of common stock have no preference, conversion, exchange, sinking fund or redemption rights and have no preemptive rights to subscribe for any of our securities. Our board of directors may issue additional shares of common stock without the approval of our shareholders.
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Holders of our shares of common stock are entitled to receive dividends only when, as and if approved by our board of directors out of assets legally available for the payment of dividends. Please see Federal Income Tax ConsiderationsTaxation of U.S. Stockholders for a description of the tax effect of dividends and distributions to our shareholders, and the dividend requirements that we must satisfy to maintain our status as a REIT.
Under Indiana law, shareholders holding a majority of the shares voting must approve any transaction pursuant to which we would merge with another entity or would sell all or substantially all of our assets. Our articles of incorporation also contain provisions which may discourage certain types of transactions involving an actual or threatened change of control, including:
· a requirement that certain mergers, sales of assets, liquidations or dissolutions, or reclassifications or recapitalizations involving persons owning 10% or more of our capital stock:
· be approved by a vote of the holders of 80% of the issued and outstanding shares of our capital stock;
· be approved by three-fourths of the continuing directors; or
· provide for payment to shareholders for their shares of at least a specified price;
· a requirement that any amendment or alteration of certain provisions of the articles of incorporation affecting change of control be approved by the holders of 80% of our issued and outstanding capital stock; and
· a limitation that directors may be removed only for cause and only with the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of our common stock entitled to vote in the election of directors.
The partnership agreement for the Operating Partnership also contains provisions that could discourage transactions involving an actual or threatened change of control, including:
· a requirement that holders of at least 90% of the outstanding partnership units held by us and other unit holders approve any voluntary sale, exchange, merger, consolidation or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Operating Partnership in one or more transactions other than a disposition occurring upon a financing or refinancing of the Operating Partnership;
· a restriction against any assignment or transfer by us of our interest in the Operating Partnership; and
· a requirement that holders of more than 90% of the partnership units approve:
· any merger, consolidation or other combination of Duke with another entity, unless after the transaction substantially all of the assets of the surviving entity are contributed to the Operating Partnership in exchange for units;
· any sale of all or substantially all of our assets; or
· any reclassification or recapitalization or change of outstanding shares of our common stock other than certain changes in par value, stock splits, stock dividends or combinations.
Our directors who are not officers or employees and who do not hold partnership units will vote on these matters.
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For us to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code:
· no more than 50% in value of our outstanding stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (including certain entities) at any time during the last half of a taxable year; and
· our stock must be beneficially owned by 100 or more persons during at least 335 days of each taxable year or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year.
Because we expect to continue to qualify as a REIT, our articles of incorporation contain restrictions on the acquisition of common stock intended to ensure compliance with these requirements. Specifically, our articles of incorporation contain restrictions that:
· authorize but do not require our board of directors to refuse to give effect to a transfer of our common stock which, in our opinion, might jeopardize our status as a REIT;
· nullify any attempted acquisition of shares which would result in our disqualification as a REIT;
· give the board of directors the authority to take any actions it deems advisable to enforce the restrictions, which might include refusing to give effect to or seeking to enjoin a transfer which might jeopardize our status as a REIT; and
· require any shareholder to provide us such information regarding his or her direct and indirect ownership of our common stock as we may reasonably require.
Limitations of Liability and Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Indiana law and our articles of incorporation generally exculpate each director and officer in actions by us or by our shareholders in derivative actions from liability, except in the case of:
· any breach of the directors duty of loyalty to us or our shareholders;
· acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;
· voting for or assenting to an unlawful distribution; or
· any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.
The articles of incorporation also provide that we will indemnify a present or former director or officer against expense or liability in an action to the fullest extent permitted by Indiana law. Indiana law permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses they incur in connection with any proceeding to which they are a party, so long as:
· the individuals conduct was in good faith;
· the individual reasonably believed, in the case of conduct in the individuals official capacity with the corporation, that the conduct was in the corporations best interests and, in all other cases, that the individuals conduct was at least not opposed to the corporations best interests; and
· in the case of a criminal proceeding, the individual either had reasonable cause to believe the individuals conduct was lawful or had no reasonable cause to believe the individuals conduct was unlawful.
We believe that the exculpation and indemnification provisions in our articles of incorporation help induce qualified individuals to agree to serve as our officers and directors by providing a degree of
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protection from liability for alleged mistakes in making decisions and taking actions. You should be aware, however, that these provisions in our articles of incorporation and Indiana law give you a more limited right of action than you otherwise would have in the absence of such provisions. We also maintain a policy of directors and officers liability insurance covering certain liabilities incurred by our directors and officers in connection with the performance of their duties.
The above indemnification provisions could operate to indemnify directors, officers or other persons who exert control over us against liabilities arising under the Securities Act. Insofar as the above provisions may allow that type of indemnification, the SEC has informed us that, in its opinion, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.
Indiana law provides that no shareholder, including holders of common stock, will be personally liable for our acts and obligations, and that our funds and property are the only recourse for our acts or obligations.
The registrar and transfer agent for the common stock is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, New York, New York.
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The notes were originally issued by the Operating Partnership, and sold by the initial purchasers of the notes in transactions exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act to persons reasonably believed by the initial purchasers to be qualified institutional buyers, as defined by Rule 144A under the Securities Act. Under certain circumstances, we may issue shares of our common stock upon the exchange or redemption of the notes. In such circumstances, the recipients of shares of our common stock, whom we refer to as the selling shareholders, may use this prospectus to resell from time to time the shares of our common stock that we may issue to them upon the exchange or redemption of the notes. Information about selling shareholders is set forth herein and information about additional selling shareholders may be set forth in a prospectus supplement, in a post-effective amendment, or in filings that we make with the SEC under the Exchange Act, which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
Selling shareholders, including their transferees, pledgees or donees or their successors, may from time to time offer and sell pursuant to this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement any or all of the shares of our common stock which we may issue upon the exchange or redemption of the notes. The following table sets forth information, as of February 12, 2007, with respect to the selling shareholders and the number of shares of our common stock that would become beneficially owned by each shareholder should we issue our common stock to such selling shareholder that may be offered pursuant to this prospectus upon the exchange or redemption of the notes. The information is based on information provided by or on behalf of the selling shareholders. The selling shareholders may offer all, some or none of the shares of our common stock which we may issue upon the exchange or redemption of the notes. Because the selling shareholders may offer all or some portion of such shares of our common stock, we cannot estimate the number of shares of our common stock that will be held by the selling shareholders upon termination of any of these sales. In addition, the selling shareholders identified below may have sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of all or a portion of their notes or shares of our common stock since the date on which they provided the information regarding their notes in transactions exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act.
The number of shares of our common stock issuable upon the exchange or redemption of the notes shown in the table below assumes exchange of the full amount of notes held by each selling shareholder at the maximum exchange rate of 20.4298 shares of our common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes and a cash payment in lieu of any fractional share. This exchange rate is subject to adjustment in certain events. Accordingly, the number of shares of our common stock issued upon the exchange or redemption of the notes may increase or decrease from time to time. The number of shares of our common stock owned by the other selling shareholders or any future transferee from any such holder assumes that they do not beneficially own any shares of common stock other than the common stock that we may issue to them upon the exchange or redemption of the notes. Based upon information provided by the selling shareholders, none of the selling shareholders nor any of their affiliates, officers, directors or principal equity holders has held any positions or office or has had any material relationship with us within the past three years.
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To the extent any of the selling shareholders identified below are, or are affiliated with, broker-dealers, they may be deemed to be, under SEC Staff interpretations, underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act.
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Arctos Partners Inc. |
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204,298 |
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* |
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204,298 |
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BBT Fund, L.P. |
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210,937 |
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* |
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210,937 |
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BMO Nesbitt Burns Inc. |
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102,149 |
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* |
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102,149 |
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Bank of America Pension Plan |
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102,149 |
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* |
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102,149 |
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Barnet Partners Ltd. |
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20,429 |
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* |
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20,429 |
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Black Diamond Offshore Ltd. |
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14,729 |
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* |
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14,729 |
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Black Diamond Convertible Offshore LDC |
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32,687 |
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* |
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|
32,687 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
CAP Fund, L.P. |
|
|
96,530 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
96,530 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Canyon Capital Arbitrage Master Fund, Ltd. |
|
|
679,290 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
679,290 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
The Canyon Value Realization Fund (Cayman), Ltd. |
|
|
763,053 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
763,053 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Canyon Value Realization MAC 18 Ltd. |
|
|
58,224 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
58,224 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Canyon Value Realization Fund, L.P. |
|
|
297,253 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
297,253 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Citigroup Global Markets Inc. |
|
|
937,727 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
937,727 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
CMH Strategies Limited |
|
|
1,389 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
1,389 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Credit Suisse Europe Ltd. |
|
|
423,918 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
423,918 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Double Black Diamond Offshore LDC |
|
|
116,020 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
116,020 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Empyrean Capital Fund, LP |
|
|
115,305 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
115,305 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Empyrean Capital Overseas Benefit Plan, Ltd. |
|
|
24,536 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
24,536 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Empyrean Capital Overseas Fund, Ltd. |
|
|
217,679 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
217,679 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Fore Convertible Master Fund, Ltd. |
|
|
46,110 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
46,110 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Fore ERISA Fund, Ltd. |
|
|
4,964 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
4,964 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Institutional Benchmark Series (Master Feeder) Limited in respect of Electra Series c/o Quattro Fund |
|
|
14,300 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
14,300 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
IIU Convertible Arbitrage Fund Limited |
|
|
3,207 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
3,207 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
IIU Convertible Fund, plc |
|
|
46,477 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
46,477 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
John Deere Pension Trust |
|
|
20,429 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
20,429 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Lydian Global Opportunities Master Fund Ltd. |
|
|
61,289 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
61,289 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Lydian Overseas Partners Master Fund, L.T.D. |
|
|
245,157 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
245,157 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Lyxor/Canyon Value Realization Fund Ltd. |
|
|
51,074 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
51,074 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Lyxor/Canyon Capital Arbitrage Fund Ltd. |
|
|
143,008 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
143,008 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8
Mohican VCA Master Fund, Ltd. |
|
|
20,429 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
20,429 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Old Lane HMA Master Fund LP |
|
|
158,739 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
158,739 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Old Lane Cayman Master Fund LP |
|
|
672,487 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
672,487 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Old Lane US Master Fund LP |
|
|
241,337 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
241,337 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Partners Group Alternative Strategies PCC Limited, Red Delta Cell c/o Quattro Fund |
|
|
20,429 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
20,429 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peoples Benefit Life Insurance Company Teamsters |
|
|
81,719 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
81,719 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Polygon Global Opportunities Master Fund |
|
|
204,298 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
204,298 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quattro Fund Ltd. |
|
|
155,266 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
155,266 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quattro Multistrategy Masterfund LP |
|
|
14,300 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
14,300 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Redbourn Partners Ltd. |
|
|
245,157 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
245,157 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SRI Fund, L.P. |
|
|
50,053 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
50,053 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tamalpais Asset Management L.P. |
|
|
61,289 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
61,289 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
UBS Securities LLC |
|
|
81,719 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
81,719 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vicis Capital Master Fund |
|
|
40,859 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
40,859 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Waterstone Market Neutral Master Fund, Ltd. |
|
|
132,589 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
132,589 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Waterstone Market Neutral MAC51 Fund, Ltd. |
|
|
71,708 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
71,708 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yield Strategies Fund I, L.P. |
|
|
40,859 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
40,859 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Any other holder of common stock issuable upon exchange of notes or future transferee, pledgee, donee or successor of any holder |
|
|
4,399,581 |
|
|
|
3.22 |
% |
|
|
4,399,581 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL(4) |
|
|
11,747,135 |
(5) |
|
|
8.60 |
% |
|
|
11,747,135 |
(5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Less than 1%.
(1) Assumes conversion of the notes into shares of common stock at a conversion rate of 20.4298 shares of common stock per each $1,000 principal amount of notes.
(2) Based on a total of 136,567,261 shares of our common stock outstanding as of February 2, 2007.
(3) We do not know when or in what amounts a selling shareholder may offer shares of our common stock for sale. The selling shareholders might not sell any or all of the shares of our common stock offered by this prospectus. Because the selling shareholders may offer all or some of the shares of our common stock pursuant to this prospectus, and because there are currently no agreements, arrangements or understandings with respect to the sale of any of the shares of our common stock, we cannot estimate the number of shares of our common stock that will be held by the selling shareholders after completion of this offering. However, for purposes of this table, we have assumed that, after completion of the offering pursuant to this prospectus, none of the shares of our common stock covered by this prospectus will be held by the selling shareholders
(4) Additional selling shareholders not named in this prospectus will not be able to use this prospectus for resales until they are named in the selling shareholder table by prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment.
9
Transferees, successors and donees of identified selling shareholders will not be able to use this prospectus for resales until they are named in the selling shareholders table by prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment. If required, we will add transferees, successors and donees by prospectus supplement in instances where the transferee, successor or donee has acquired its shares from holders named in this prospectus after the effective date of this prospectus.
(5) We will issue cash for all fractional shares of our common stock based on the closing sale price of our common stock on the trading day immediately preceding the exchange date.
10
FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following discussion summarizes the material federal income tax consequences relating to the taxation of us as a REIT and to the purchase, ownership and disposition of our common stock.
Because this summary is intended only to address material federal income tax consequences relating to the ownership and disposition of our common stock, it may not contain all the information that may be important to you. As you review this discussion, you should keep in mind that:
· the tax consequences to you may vary depending upon your particular tax situation;
· special rules that we do not discuss below may apply if, for example, you are a tax-exempt organization, a broker-dealer, a non-U.S. person, a trust, an estate, a regulated investment company, a financial institution, an insurance company or otherwise subject to special tax treatment under the Internal Revenue Code;
· this summary generally does not address state, local or non-U.S. tax considerations;
· this summary deals only with stockholders that hold our stock as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code; and
· we do not intend this discussion to be, and you should not construe it as, tax advice.
You should review the following discussion and consult with your own tax advisor to determine the effect of ownership and disposition of our stock on your individual tax situation, including any state, local or non-U.S. tax consequences.
We base the information in this section on the current Internal Revenue Code, current final, temporary and proposed Treasury regulations, the legislative history of the Internal Revenue Code, current administrative interpretations and practices of the Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, including its practices and policies as endorsed in private letter rulings, which are not binding on the IRS, and existing court decisions. Future legislation, regulations, administrative interpretations and court decisions could change current law or adversely affect existing interpretations of current law. Any change could apply retroactively. It is possible that the IRS could challenge the statements in this discussion, which do not bind the IRS or the courts, and that a court could agree with the IRS.
Taxation of Our Company as a REIT
We believe that, commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 1986, we have been organized and have operated in such a manner as to qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code, and we intend to continue to be organized and to operate in such a manner. However, we cannot assure you that we have operated or will operate in a manner so as to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT. This section discusses the laws governing the federal income tax treatment of a REIT and its shareholders. These laws are highly technical and complex.
11
Federal Income Taxation of Our Company
If we have qualified and continue to qualify for taxation as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal corporate income tax on that portion of our ordinary income or capital gain that is timely distributed to stockholders. The REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code generally allow a REIT to deduct distributions paid to its stockholders, substantially eliminating the federal double taxation on earnings (once at the corporate level when earned and once again at the stockholder level when distributed) that usually results from investments in a corporation. Nevertheless, we will be subject to federal income tax as follows:
First, we will be taxed at regular corporate rates on our undistributed REIT taxable income, including undistributed net capital gains.
Second, under some circumstances, we may be subject to the alternative minimum tax as a consequence of our items of tax preference.
Third, if we have net income from the sale or other disposition of foreclosure property that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business or other non-qualifying income from foreclosure property, we will be subject to tax at the highest corporate rate on such income.
Fourth, if we have net income from prohibited transactions (which are, in general, certain sales or other dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business), such income will be subject to a 100% tax.
Fifth, if we should fail to satisfy either the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test (discussed below) but have nonetheless maintained our qualification as a REIT because we have met other requirements, we will be subject to a 100% tax on the greater of the amount by which the 75% gross income test was not satisfied or the amount by which the 95% gross income test was not satisfied, in each case, multiplied by a fraction intended to reflect our profitability. For our taxable years beginning before January 1, 2005, the 100% tax is imposed on (1) the gross income attributable to the greater of (a) the amount by which we fail the 75% test or (b) the amount by which 90% of our gross income exceeds the amount of income qualifying for the 95% income test, multiplied by (2) a fraction intended to reflect our profitability.
Sixth, if we fail to satisfy any of the asset tests (described below) or any of the REIT qualification requirements other than the gross income and asset tests and such failure is due to reasonable cause, we may avoid disqualification as a REIT by, among other things, paying a penalty of $50,000 or more in certain cases.
Seventh, if we fail to distribute during each year at least the sum of
· 85% of our ordinary income for such year,
· 95% of our capital gain net income for such year, and
· any undistributed taxable income from prior periods,
then we will be subject to a 4% excise tax on the excess of this required distribution amount over the amounts actually distributed.
Eighth, if we should acquire any asset from a C corporation (i.e., a corporation generally subject to full corporate-level tax) in a carryover-basis transaction and no election is made for the transaction to be currently taxable, and we subsequently recognize gain on the disposition of such asset during the 10-year period beginning on the date on which we acquired the asset, we generally will be subject to tax at the highest regular corporate rate on the lesser of the amount of gain that we recognize at the time of the sale
12
or disposition and the amount of gain that we would have recognized if we had sold the asset at the time we acquired the asset, the Built-in Gains Tax.
We own direct or indirect interests in a number of taxable REIT subsidiaries, such as Duke Realty Construction, Inc. Our taxable REIT subsidiaries are corporations in which we directly or indirectly own stock and that elect, together with us, to be treated as our taxable REIT subsidiaries. In addition, if one of our taxable REIT subsidiaries owns, directly or indirectly, securities representing 35% or more of the vote or value of a subsidiary corporation, that subsidiary will also be treated as our taxable REIT subsidiary. A taxable REIT subsidiary is subject to federal income tax, and state and local income tax where applicable, as a regular C corporation.
Generally, a taxable REIT subsidiary may perform certain tenant services without causing us to receive impermissible tenant services income under the REIT income tests. However, several provisions regarding the arrangements between a REIT and its taxable REIT subsidiaries ensure that a taxable REIT subsidiary will be subject to an appropriate level of federal income taxation. For example, the Internal Revenue Code limits the ability of a taxable REIT subsidiary to deduct interest payments in excess of a certain amount made to us. In addition, we must pay a 100% tax on some payments that we receive or on certain expenses deducted by the taxable REIT subsidiary if the economic arrangements between us, our tenants, and the taxable REIT subsidiary are not comparable to similar arrangements among unrelated parties. Our taxable REIT subsidiaries make interest and other payments to us and to third parties in connection with activities related to our properties. We cannot assure you that our taxable REIT subsidiaries will not be limited in their ability to deduct interest payments made to us. In addition, we cannot assure you that the IRS might not seek to impose the 100% tax on services performed by taxable REIT subsidiaries for our tenants, or on a portion of the payments received by us from, or expenses deducted by, our taxable REIT subsidiaries.
Requirements For Qualification
To qualify as a REIT, we must elect to be treated as a REIT and must meet the requirements, discussed below, relating to our organization, sources of income, nature of assets and distributions.
The Internal Revenue Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust or association:
· that is managed by one or more trustees or directors;
· the beneficial ownership of which is evidenced by transferable shares or by transferable certificates of beneficial interest;
· that would be taxable as a domestic corporation but for application of the REIT rules;
· that is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company subject to certain provisions of the Internal Revenue Code;
· that has at least 100 persons as beneficial owners;
· during the last half of each taxable year, not more than 50% in value of the outstanding stock of which is owned, directly or indirectly, through the application of certain attribution rules, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Internal Revenue Code to include certain entities);
· that files an election or continues such election to be taxed as a REIT on its return for each taxable year;
· that uses the calendar year as its taxable year; and
· that satisfies the income tests, the asset tests, and the distribution tests, described below.
13
The Internal Revenue Code provides that REITs must satisfy all of the first four preceding requirements during the entire taxable year. REITs must satisfy the fifth requirement during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than 12 months. For purposes of the sixth requirement, the beneficiaries of a pension or profit-sharing trust described in Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code, and not the pension or profit-sharing trust itself, are treated as REIT stockholders. We will be treated as having met the sixth requirement if we comply with certain Treasury Regulations for ascertaining the ownership of our stock for such year and if we did not know (or after the exercise of reasonable diligence would not have known) that the sixth condition was not satisfied for such year. Our articles of incorporation currently include restrictions regarding transfer of its stock that, among other things, assist us in continuing to satisfy the fifth and sixth of these requirements.
If a REIT owns a corporate subsidiary that is a qualified REIT subsidiary, the separate existence of that subsidiary will be disregarded for federal income tax purposes. Generally, a qualified REIT subsidiary is a corporation, other than a taxable REIT subsidiary, all of the capital stock of which is owned by the REIT. All assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of the qualified REIT subsidiary will be treated as assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of the REIT itself. Our qualified REIT subsidiaries will not be subject to federal corporate income taxation, although they may be subject to state and local taxation in some states.
A REIT that is a partner in a partnership is deemed to own its proportionate share of the assets of the partnership and to earn its proportionate share of the partnerships income, in both cases being based on its relative capital interest in the partnership. The character of the assets and gross income of the partnership retain the same character in the hands of the REIT for purposes of the gross income and asset tests. Thus, our proportionate share of the assets, liabilities and items of income of the Operating Partnership (including the Operating Partnerships share of the assets, liabilities and items of income with respect to any partnership in which it holds an interest) is treated as assets, liabilities and items of income of our Company for purposes of applying the requirements described herein.
Income Tests. In order to maintain qualification as a REIT, we must satisfy two gross income requirements. First, we must derive, directly or indirectly, at least 75% of our gross income (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions) for each taxable year from investments relating to real property or mortgages on real property, including rents from real property, gains on disposition of real estate, dividends paid by another REIT and interest on obligations secured by real property or on interests in real property, or from certain types of temporary investments. Second, we must derive at least 95% of our gross income (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions) for each taxable year from any combination of income qualifying under the 75% test and dividends, interest, and gain from the sale or disposition of stock or securities. For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2005, any income from a hedging transaction that is clearly and timely identified and hedges indebtedness incurred or to be incurred to acquire or carry real estate assets will not constitute gross income, rather than being treated as qualifying or nonqualifying income, for purposes of the 95% gross income test.
Rents that we receive will qualify as rents from real property in satisfying the gross income requirements for a REIT described above only if several conditions are met. First, the amount of rent must not be based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person but can be based on a fixed percentage of gross receipts or gross sales. Second, rents from real property generally excludes any amount received directly or indirectly from any tenant if we, or an owner of 10% of more of our outstanding stock, directly or constructively, own 10% or more of such tenant taking into consideration the applicable attribution rules, which we refer to as a related party tenant. Third, rents from real property excludes rent attributable to personal property except where such personal property is leased in connection with a lease of real property and the rent attributable to such personal property is less than or equal to 15% of the total rent received under the lease. Finally, amounts that are attributable to services furnished or rendered in connection with the rental of real property, whether or not separately stated, will not
14
constitute rents from real property unless such services are customarily provided in the geographic area. Customary services that are not considered to be provided to a particular tenant (e.g., furnishing heat and light, the cleaning of public entrances, and the collection of trash) can be provided directly by us. Where, on the other hand, such services are provided primarily for the convenience of the tenants or are provided to such tenants, such services must be provided by an independent contractor from whom we do not receive any income or a taxable REIT subsidiary. Non-customary services that are not performed by an independent contractor or taxable REIT subsidiary in accordance with the applicable requirements will result in impermissible tenant service income to us to the extent of the income earned (or deemed earned) with respect to such services. If the impermissible tenant service income exceeds 1% of our total income from a property, all of the income from that property will fail to qualify as rents from real property. If the total amount of impermissible tenant services does not exceed 1% of our total income from the property, the services will not cause the rent paid by tenants of the property to fail to qualify as rents from real property, but the impermissible tenant services income will not qualify as rents from real property.
We do not currently charge and do not anticipate charging rent that is based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. We also do not anticipate either deriving rent attributable to personal property leased in connection with real property that exceeds 15% of the total rents or receiving rent from related party tenants.
The Operating Partnership does provide some services with respect to the properties. We believe that the services with respect to the properties that are and will be provided directly are usually or customarily rendered in connection with the rental of space for occupancy only and are not otherwise considered rendered to particular tenants and, therefore, that the provision of such services will not cause rents received with respect to the properties to fail to qualify as rents from real property. Services with respect to the properties that we believe may not be provided by us or the Operating Partnership directly without jeopardizing the qualification of rent as rents from real property are and will be performed by independent contractors or taxable REIT subsidiaries.
We, directly or indirectly, receive fees for property management and brokerage and leasing services provided with respect to some properties not owned entirely by the Operating Partnership. These fees, to the extent paid with respect to the portion of these properties not owned, directly or indirectly, by us, will not qualify under the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test. The Operating Partnership also may receive other types of income with respect to the properties it owns that will not qualify for either of these tests. We believe, however, that the aggregate amount of these fees and other non-qualifying income in any taxable year will not cause us to exceed the limits on non-qualifying income under either the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test.
If we fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test for any taxable year, we may nevertheless qualify as a REIT for that year if we are eligible for relief under the Internal Revenue Code. This relief provision generally will be available if:
· Our failure to meet these tests was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect; and
· We file a disclosure schedule with the IRS after we determine that we have not satisfied one of the gross income tests.
We cannot state whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to the benefit of this relief provision. For example, if we fail to satisfy the gross income tests because non-qualifying income that we intentionally earn exceeds the limits on such income, the IRS could conclude that our failure to satisfy the tests was not due to reasonable cause. Even if this relief provision applies, the Internal Revenue Code imposes a 100% tax with respect to a portion of the non-qualifying income, as described above.
15
Asset Tests. At the close of each quarter of our taxable year, we also must satisfy four tests relating to the nature and diversification of our assets:
· At least 75% of the value of our total assets must be represented by real estate assets, cash and cash items (including receivables) and government securities.
· No more than 25% of the value of our total assets may be represented by securities other than those in the 75% asset class.
· Except for equity investments in REITs, qualified REIT subsidiaries or taxable REIT subsidiaries or other securities that qualify as real estate assets for purposes of the 75% asset test:
· the value of any one issuers securities that we own may not exceed 5% of the value of our total assets;
· we may not own more than 10% of any one issuers outstanding voting securities; and
· we may not own more than 10% of the value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer.
· No more than 20% of our total assets may be represented by securities of one of more taxable REIT subsidiaries
Certain types of securities are disregarded as securities for purposes of the 10% value limitation discussed above, including (i) straight debt securities (including straight debt that provides for certain contingent payments); (ii) any loan to an individual or an estate; (iii) any rental agreement described in Section 467 of the Internal Revenue Code, other than with a related person; (iv) any obligation to pay rents from real property; (v) certain securities issued by a State or any political subdivision thereof, the District of Columbia, a foreign government, or any political subdivision thereof, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; (vi) any security issued by a REIT; and (vii) any other arrangement that, as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, is excepted from the definition of a security. In addition, (a) a REITs interest as a partner in a partnership is not considered a security for purposes of applying the 10% value test to securities issued by the partnership; (b) any debt instrument issued by a partnership (other than straight debt or another excluded security) will not be considered a security issued by the partnership if at least 75% of the partnerships gross income is derived from sources that would qualify for the 75% REIT gross income test, and (c) any debt instrument issued by a partnership (other than straight debt or another excluded security) will not be considered a security issued by the partnership to the extent of the REITs interest as a partner in the partnership. For taxable years beginning after October 22, 2004, special look-through rules for determining a REITs share of securities held by a partnership in which the REIT holds an interest.
We believe that the aggregate value of our securities issued by our taxable REIT subsidiaries does not exceed 20% of the aggregate value of our gross assets. As of each relevant testing date prior to the election to treat each of our corporate subsidiaries or any other corporation in which we own an interest (other than another REIT or a qualified REIT subsidiary) as a taxable REIT subsidiary, which election first became available on January 1, 2001, we believe we did not own more than 10% of the voting securities of any such entity. In addition, we believe that as of each relevant testing date prior to the election to treat each of our corporate subsidiaries or any other corporation in which we own an interest (other than another REIT or a qualified REIT subsidiary) as one of our taxable REIT subsidiaries, the value of the securities, including debt, of any such corporation or other issuer that we owned (or treated as owned) did not exceed 5% of the total value of our assets.
With respect to each issuer in which we currently own an interest that does not qualify as a REIT, a qualified REIT subsidiary or a taxable REIT subsidiary, we believe that the value of the securities, including debt, of any such issuer owned (or treated as owned) by us does not exceed 5% of the total value of our assets and that we comply with the 10% voting securities limitation and 10% value limitation with
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respect to each such issuer. In this regard, however, we cannot provide any assurance that the IRS might not disagree with our determinations.
After initially meeting the asset tests at the close of any quarter, we will not lose our qualification as a REIT for failure to satisfy the asset tests at the end of a later quarter solely by reason of changes in asset values. If the failure to satisfy the asset tests results from an acquisition of securities or other property during a quarter, we can cure the failure by disposing of a sufficient amount of non-qualifying assets within 30 days after the close of that quarter. We intend to maintain adequate records of the value of our assets to ensure compliance with the asset tests and to take such other actions within 30 days after the close of any quarter as necessary to cure any noncompliance.
After the 30-day cure period, a REIT may avoid disqualification as a REIT by disposing of sufficient assets to cure such a violation that does not exceed the lesser of 1% of the REITs assets at the end of the relevant quarter or $10,000,000, provided that the disposition occurs within six months following the last day of the quarter in which the REIT first identified the assets. For violations of any of the REIT asset tests due to reasonable cause that are larger than this amount, a REIT may avoid disqualification as a REIT after the 30 day cure period, if such failure was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, by taking certain steps, including the disposition of sufficient assets within the six month period described above to meet the applicable asset test, paying a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or the highest corporate tax rate multiplied by the net income generated by the non-qualifying assets during the period of time that the assets were held as non-qualifying assets, and filing a schedule with the IRS that describes the non-qualifying assets.
Annual Distribution Requirements
To qualify for taxation as a REIT, the Internal Revenue Code requires that we make distributions (other than capital gain distributions) to our stockholders in an amount at least equal to (a) the sum of: (1) 90% of our REIT taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain), and (2) 90% of the net income, if any, from foreclosure property in excess of the special tax on income from foreclosure property, minus (b) the sum of certain items of non-cash income.
We must pay distributions in the taxable year to which they relate. Dividends paid in the subsequent year, however, will be treated as if paid in the prior year for purposes of the prior years distribution requirement if the dividends satisfy one of the following two sets of criteria:
· We declare the dividends in October, November or December, the dividends are payable to stockholders of record on a specified date in such a month, and we actually pay the dividends during January of the subsequent year; or
· We declare the dividends before we timely file our federal income tax return for such year, we pay the dividends in the 12-month period following the close of the prior year and not later than the first regular dividend payment after the declaration, and we elect on our federal income tax return for the prior year to have a specified amount of the subsequent dividend treated as if paid in the prior year.
Even if we satisfy the foregoing distribution requirements, we will be subject to tax thereon to the extent that we do not distribute all of our net capital gain or REIT taxable income as adjusted. Furthermore, if we fail to distribute at least the sum of 85% of our ordinary income for that year; 95% of our capital gain net income for that year; and any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, we would be subject to a 4% excise tax on the excess of the required distribution over the amounts actually distributed.
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In addition, if during the 10-year recognition period, we dispose of any asset subject to the built-in gain rules described above, we must, pursuant to guidance issued by the IRS, distribute at least 90% of the built-in gain (after tax), if any, recognized on the disposition of the asset.
We may elect to retain rather than distribute all or a portion of our net capital gains and pay the tax on the gains. In that case, we may elect to have our stockholders include their proportionate share of the undistributed net capital gains in income as long-term capital gains and receive a credit for their share of the tax we paid. For purposes of the 4% excise tax described, any such retained amounts would be treated as having been distributed.
We intend to make timely distributions sufficient to satisfy the annual distribution requirements. In this regard, the partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership authorizes us, as general partner, to take such steps as may be necessary to cause the Operating Partnership to distribute to its partners an amount sufficient to permit us to meet these distribution requirements.
We expect that our REIT taxable income will be less than our cash flow due to the allowance of depreciation and other non-cash charges in computing REIT taxable income. Accordingly, we anticipate that we generally will have sufficient cash or liquid assets to enable us to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement. It is possible, however, that we, from time to time, may not have sufficient cash or other liquid assets to meet the 90% distribution requirement or to distribute such greater amount as may be necessary to avoid income and excise taxation. In this event, we may find it necessary to arrange for borrowings or, if possible, pay taxable stock dividends in order to meet the distribution requirement or avoid such income or excise taxation.
In the event that we are subject to an adjustment to our REIT taxable income (as defined in Section 860(d)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code) resulting from an adverse determination by either a final court decision, a closing agreement between us and the IRS under Section 7121 of the Internal Revenue Code, or an agreement as to tax liability between us and an IRS district director, or, an amendment or supplement to our federal income tax return for the applicable tax year, we may be able to rectify any resulting failure to meet the 90% annual distribution requirement by paying deficiency dividends to stockholders that relate to the adjusted year but that are paid in a subsequent year. To qualify as a deficiency dividend, we must make the distribution within 90 days of the adverse determination and we also must satisfy other procedural requirements. If we satisfy the statutory requirements of Section 860 of the Internal Revenue Code, a deduction is allowed for any deficiency dividend we subsequently paid to offset an increase in our REIT taxable income resulting from the adverse determination. We, however, must pay statutory interest on the amount of any deduction taken for deficiency dividends to compensate for the deferral of the tax liability.
A violation of a REIT requirement other than the gross income tests or the asset tests will not disqualify us if the violation is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect and we pay a penalty of $50,000 for each failure violation. If we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year and the relief provisions do not apply, we will be subject to tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. Distributions to stockholders in any year in which we fail to qualify as a REIT will not be deductible by us nor will they be required to be made. In that event, to the extent of our positive current and accumulated earnings and profits, distributions to stockholders will be dividends, generally taxable to non-corporate stockholders at long-term capital gains tax rates (as described below) and, subject to certain limitations of the Internal Revenue Code, corporate distributees may be eligible for the dividends received deduction. Unless we are entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions, we also will be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which we lost our REIT qualification. We cannot state whether in all
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circumstances we would be entitled to such statutory relief. For example, if we fail to satisfy the gross income tests because non-qualifying income that we intentionally earn exceeds the limit on such income, the IRS could conclude that our failure to satisfy the tests was not due to reasonable cause.
As used in this prospectus, the term U.S. Stockholder means a holder of our stock that, for federal income tax purposes:
· is a citizen or resident of the United States;
· is a corporation or partnership (including an entity treated as a corporation or partnership for federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or of any political subdivision thereof;
· is an estate, the income of which is subject to federal income taxation regardless of its source;
· is a trust and a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust, and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust; or
· is an eligible trust that elects to be taxed as a U.S. person under applicable Treasury Regulations.
For any taxable year for which we qualify for taxation as a REIT, amounts distributed to taxable U.S. Stockholders will be taxed as discussed below.
Distributions Generally. Distributions to U.S. Stockholders, other than capital gain dividends discussed below, will constitute dividends up to the amount of our positive current and accumulated earnings and profits and, to that extent, will be taxable to the U.S. Stockholders. These distributions are not eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporations. Certain qualified dividend income received by U.S. non-corporate shareholders in taxable years 2003 through 2010 is subject to tax at the same tax rates as long-term capital gain (generally, a maximum rate of 15% for such taxable years). Dividends received from REITs, however, generally are not eligible for these reduced rates and, therefore, will continue to be subject to tax at ordinary income rates (generally, a maximum rate of 35% for taxable years 2003-2010), subject to two narrow exceptions. Under the first exception, dividends received from a REIT may be treated as qualified dividend income eligible for the reduced tax rates to the extent that the REIT itself has received qualified dividend income from other corporations (such as taxable REIT subsidiaries). Under the second exception, dividends paid by a REIT in a taxable year may be treated as qualified dividend income in an amount equal to the sum of (i) the excess of the REITs REIT taxable income for the preceding taxable year over the corporate-level federal income tax payable by the REIT for such preceding taxable year and (ii) the excess of the REITs income that was subject to the Built-in Gains Tax in the preceding taxable year over the tax payable by the REIT on such income for such preceding taxable year. We do not anticipate that a material portion of our distributions will be treated as qualified dividend income.
To the extent that we make a distribution in excess of our positive current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distribution will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital, reducing the tax basis in the U.S. Stockholders stock, and then the distribution in excess of such basis will be taxable to the U.S. Stockholder as gain realized from the sale of its stock. Dividends we declared in October, November or December of any year payable to a U.S. Stockholder of record on a specified date in any such month will be treated as both paid by us and received by the stockholders on December 31 of that year, provided that we actually pay the dividends during January of the following calendar year.
Capital Gain Distributions. Distributions to U.S. Stockholders that we properly designate as capital gain dividends will be treated as long-term capital gains (to the extent they do not exceed our actual net
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capital gain) for the taxable year without regard to the period for which the U.S. Stockholder has held his or her stock. However, corporate stockholders may be required to treat up to 20% of certain capital gain dividends as ordinary income. Capital gain dividends are not eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporations.
We may elect to retain and pay income tax on net long-term capital gain that we received during the tax year. In this instance, U.S. Stockholders will include in their income their proportionate share of the undistributed long-term capital gains. The U.S. Stockholders will also be deemed to have paid their proportionate share of the tax, which would be credited against such stockholders U.S. income tax liability (and refunded to the extent it exceeds such liability). In addition, the basis of the U.S. Stockholders shares will be increased by the excess of the amount of capital gain included in our income over the amount of tax it is deemed to have paid.
Any capital gain with respect to capital assets held for more than one year that is recognized or otherwise properly taken into account before January 1, 2011, generally will be taxed to a non-corporate taxpayer at a maximum rate of 15%. In the case of capital gain attributable to the sale of real property held for more than one year, such gain will be taxed at a maximum rate of 25% to the extent of the amount of depreciation deductions previously claimed with respect to such property. With respect to distributions we designated as capital gain dividends (including any deemed distributions of retained capital gains), subject to certain limits, we may designate, and will notify our shareholders, whether the dividend is taxable to non-corporate shareholders at regular long-term capital gains rates (currently at a minimum rate of 15%) or at the 25% rate applicable to unrecaptured depreciation.
Passive Activity Loss and Investment Interest Limitations. Distributions from us and gain from the disposition of our stock will not be treated as passive activity income and, therefore, U.S. Stockholders will not be able to apply any passive losses against such income. Dividends from us (to the extent they do not constitute a return of capital) generally will be treated as investment income for purposes of the investment interest limitation. Net capital gain from the disposition of our stock or capital gain dividends generally will be excluded from investment income unless the U.S. Stockholder elects to have the gain taxed at ordinary income rates. Stockholders are not allowed to include on their own federal income tax returns any tax losses that we incur.
Dispositions of Shares. In general, U.S. Stockholders will realize capital gain or loss on the disposition of our stock equal to the difference between the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received on the disposition and that stockholders adjusted basis in the stock. This gain or loss will be a capital gain or loss if the U.S. Stockholder has held the shares as a capital asset. The applicable tax rate will depend on the stockholders holding period in the asset (generally, if the stockholder has held the asset for more than one year, it will produce long-term capital gain) and the stockholders tax bracket (the maximum rate for non-corporate taxpayers currently being 15%). The IRS has the authority to prescribe, but has not yet prescribed, regulations that would apply a capital gain tax rate of 25% (which is generally higher than the long-term capital gain tax rates for non-corporate stockholders) to a portion of capital gain realized by a non-corporate stockholder on the sale of our stock that would correspond to our unrecaptured Section 1250 gain. Stockholders should consult with their own tax advisors with respect to their capital gain tax liability. In general, any loss recognized by a U.S. Stockholder upon the sale or other disposition of stock that the stockholder has held for six months or less, after applying the holding period rules, will be treated as a long-term capital loss, to the extent of distributions received by the U.S. Stockholder from us that were required to be treated as long-term capital gains.
Treatment of Tax-Exempt Stockholders. Distributions from us to a tax-exempt employee pension trust or other domestic tax-exempt stockholder generally will not constitute unrelated business taxable income, which we refer to as UBTI, unless the stockholder has borrowed to acquire or carry its stock or has used the shares in a trade or business.
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However, for tax-exempt stockholders that are social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts and qualified group legal services plans exempt from federal income taxation under Sections 501(c)(7), (c)(9), (c)(17) and (c)(20) of the Internal Revenue Code, respectively, income from an investment in us will constitute UBTI unless the organization properly sets aside or reserves such amounts for purposes specified in the Internal Revenue Code. These tax-exempt stockholders should consult their own tax advisors concerning these set aside and reserve requirements.
Qualified trusts that hold more than 10% (by value) of the shares of pension-held REITs may be required to treat a certain percentage of such a REITs distributions as UBTI. A REIT is a pension-held REIT only if the REIT would not qualify as such for federal income tax purposes but for the application of a look-through exception to the five or fewer requirement applicable to shares held by qualified trusts and the REIT is predominantly held by qualified trusts. A REIT is predominantly held if either at least one qualified trust holds more than 25% by value of the REIT interests or qualified trusts, each owning more than 10% by value of the REIT interests, holds in the aggregate more than 50% of the REIT interests. The percentage of any REIT dividend treated as UBTI is equal to the ratio of (a) the UBTI earned by the REIT (treating the REIT as if it were a qualified trust and therefore subject to tax on UBTI) to (b) the total gross income (less certain associated expenses) of the REIT. In the event that this ratio is less than 5% for any year, then the qualified trust will not be treated as having received UBTI as a result of the REIT dividend. For these purposes, a qualified trust is any trust described in Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code and exempt from tax under Section 501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code.
Special Tax Considerations For Non-U.S. Stockholders
In general, non-U.S. Stockholders will be subject to regular federal income tax with respect to their investment in us if the income from the investment is effectively connected with the non-U.S. Stockholders conduct of a trade or business in the United States. A corporate non-U.S. Stockholder that receives income that is (or is treated as) effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business also may be subject to the branch profits tax under Section 884 of the Internal Revenue Code, which is imposed in addition to regular federal income tax at the rate of 30%, subject to reduction under a tax treaty, if applicable. Effectively connected income that meets various certification requirements will generally be exempt from withholding. The following discussion will apply to non-U.S. Stockholders whose income from their investments in us is not so effectively connected (except to the extent that the FIRPTA rules discussed below treat such income as effectively connected income).
Distributions by us that are not attributable to gain from the sale or exchange by us of a United States real property interest and that we do not designate as a capital gain distribution will be treated as an ordinary income dividend to the extent that we pay the distribution out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. Generally, any ordinary income dividend will be subject to a federal income tax, required to be withheld by us, equal to 30% of the gross amount of the dividend, unless an applicable tax treaty reduces this tax. Such a distribution in excess of our earnings and profits will be treated first as a return of capital that will reduce a non-U.S. Stockholders basis in its stock (but not below zero) and then as gain from the disposition of such stock, the tax treatment of which is described under the rules discussed below with respect to dispositions of stock.
Distributions by us with respect to our common stock that are attributable to gain from the sale or exchange of a United States real property interest will be treated as ordinary dividends (taxed as described above) to a non-U.S. Stockholder as long as our common stock is regularly traded on an established securities market if the non-U.S. Stockholder did not own more than 5% of such class of stock at any time during the one-year period preceding the distribution. Capital gain dividends distributed to a non-U.S. Stockholder that held more than 5% of our common stock in the year preceding the distribution will be taxed under the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980, or FIRPTA. Such distributions are taxed to a non-U.S. Stockholder as if the distributions were gains effectively connected with a United
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States trade or business. Accordingly, a non-U.S. Stockholder will be required to report such gains on U.S. federal income tax returns and will be taxed at the normal capital gain rates applicable to a U.S. Stockholder (subject to any applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals). Such distributions also may be subject to a 30% branch profits tax when made to a foreign corporation that is not entitled to an exemption or reduced branch profits tax rate under a tax treaty.
Although the law is not clear on this matter, it appears that amounts designated by us as undistributed capital gains in respect of our stock generally should be treated with respect to non-U.S. Stockholders in the same manner as actual distributions by us of capital gain dividends.
Although tax treaties may reduce our withholding obligations, we generally will be required to withhold from distributions to non-U.S. Stockholders, and remit to the IRS, 30% of ordinary dividends paid out of earnings and profits. Special withholding rules apply to capital gain dividends that are not recharacterized as ordinary dividends. In addition, we may be required to withhold 10% of distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits. If the amount of tax withheld by us with respect to a distribution to a non-U.S. Stockholder exceeds the stockholders United States tax liability, the non-U.S. Stockholder may file for a refund of such excess from the IRS.
We expect to withhold federal income tax at the rate of 30% on all distributions (including distributions that later may be determined to have been in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits) made to a non-U.S. Stockholder unless:
· a lower treaty rate applies and the non-U.S. Stockholder files with us an IRS Form W-8BEN evidencing eligibility for that reduced treaty rate;
· the non-U.S. Stockholder files with us an IRS Form W-8ECI claiming that the distribution is income effectively connected with the non-U.S. Stockholders trade or business so that no withholding tax is required; or
· the distributions are treated for FIRPTA withholding tax purposes as attributable to a sale of a U.S. real property interest, in which case tax will be withheld at a 35% rate.
Unless our stock constitutes a U.S. real property interest within the meaning of FIRPTA, a sale of our stock by a non-U.S. Stockholder generally will not be subject to federal income taxation. Our stock will not constitute a U.S. real property interest if we are a domestically controlled qualified investment entity. A REIT is a domestically controlled qualified investment entity if at all times during a specified testing period less than 50% in value of its shares is held directly or indirectly by non-U.S. Stockholders. We currently anticipate that we will be a domestically controlled qualified investment entity and, therefore, that the sale of our stock will not be subject to taxation under FIRPTA. However, because our stock will be publicly traded, we cannot assure you that we are or will be a domestically controlled qualified investment entity. If we were not a domestically controlled qualified investment entity, a non-U.S. Stockholders sale of our stock would be a taxable sale of a U.S. real property interest unless the stock were regularly traded on an established securities market (such as the New York Stock Exchange) and the selling stockholder owned no more than 5% of the common stock throughout the applicable testing period. If the gain on the sale of stock were subject to taxation under FIRPTA, the non-U.S. Stockholder would be subject to the same treatment as a U.S. Stockholder with respect to the gain (subject to applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals). However, even if our stock is not a U.S. real property interest, a nonresident alien individuals gains from the sale of stock will be taxable if the nonresident alien individual is present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and certain other conditions apply, in which case the nonresident alien individual will be subject to a 30% tax on his or her U.S. source capital gains.
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A purchaser of our stock from a non-U.S. Stockholder will not be required to withhold under FIRPTA on the purchase price if the purchased stock is regularly traded on an established securities market or if we are a domestically controlled qualified investment entity. Otherwise, the purchaser of our stock from a non-U.S. Stockholder may be required to withhold 10% of the purchase price and remit this amount to the IRS. Our common stock currently is traded on the New York Stock Exchange. We believe that we qualify under both the regularly traded and the domestically controlled qualified investment entity exceptions to withholding but we cannot provide any assurance to that effect.
Upon the death of a nonresident alien individual, that individuals ownership of our stock will be treated as part of his or her U.S. estate for purposes of the U.S. estate tax, except as may be otherwise provided in an applicable estate tax treaty.
Information Reporting Requirements and Backup Withholding Tax
U.S. Stockholders. In general, information reporting requirements will apply to payments of distributions on our stock and payments of the proceeds of the sale of our stock, unless an exception applies. Further, the payer will be required to withhold backup withholding tax if:
· the payee fails to furnish a taxpayer identification number to the payer or to establish an exemption from backup withholding;
· the IRS notifies the payer that the taxpayer identification number furnished by the payee is incorrect;
· a notified payee has been under-reporting with respect to interest, dividends or original issue discount described in Section 3406(c) of the Internal Revenue Code; or
· the payee has failed to certify under the penalty of perjury that the payee is not subject to backup withholding under the Internal Revenue Code.
Some stockholders, including corporations, will be exempt from backup withholding. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a stockholder will be allowed as a credit against the stockholders federal income tax and may entitle the stockholder to a refund, provided that the stockholder furnishes the required information to the IRS.
Non-U.S. Stockholders. Generally, information reporting will apply to payments of distributions on our stock, and backup withholding may apply, unless the payee certifies that it is not a U.S. person or otherwise establishes an exemption.
The payment of the proceeds from the disposition of our stock to or through the U.S. office of a U.S. or foreign broker will be subject to information reporting and, possibly, backup withholding unless the non-U.S. Stockholder certifies as to its non-U.S. status or otherwise establishes an exemption, provided that the broker does not have actual knowledge that the stockholder is a U.S. person or that the conditions of any other exemption are not, in fact, satisfied. The proceeds of the disposition by a non-U.S. Stockholder of our stock to or through a foreign office of a broker generally will not be subject to information reporting or backup withholding. However, if the broker is a U.S. person, a controlled foreign corporation for U.S. tax purposes or a foreign person 50% or more whose gross income from all sources for specified periods is from activities that are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, information reporting generally will apply unless the broker has documentary evidence as to the non-U.S. Stockholders foreign status and has no actual knowledge to the contrary.
Applicable Treasury regulations provide presumptions regarding the status of stockholders when payments to the stockholders cannot be reliably associated with appropriate documentation provided to the payer. Because the application of these Treasury regulations varies depending on the stockholders
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particular circumstances, you should consult your tax advisor regarding the information reporting requirements applicable to you.
Tax Aspects of the Operating Partnership
General. The Operating Partnership holds substantially all of our investments. In general, partnerships are pass-through entities that are not subject to federal income tax. Rather, partners are allocated their proportionate shares of the items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of a partnership, and are potentially subject to tax thereon, without regard to whether the partners receive a distribution from the partnership. We include in our income our proportionate share of these Operating Partnership items in the computation of our REIT taxable income.
Tax Allocations with Respect to the Properties. Pursuant to Section 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code, income, gain, loss and deduction attributable to appreciated or depreciated property that is contributed to a partnership in exchange for an interest in the partnership, must be allocated in a manner such that the contributing partner is charged with the unrealized gain, or benefits from the unrealized loss, associated with the property at the time of the contribution. The amount of the unrealized gain or unrealized loss is generally equal to the difference between the fair market value of contributed property at the time of contribution and the adjusted tax basis of the property at the time of contribution, which we refer to as a book-tax difference. These allocations are solely for federal income tax purposes and do not affect the book capital accounts or other economic or legal arrangements among the partners. The Operating Partnership was formed by way of contributions of appreciated property. Consequently, the partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership requires allocations to be made in a manner consistent with Section 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code.
In general, the partners who have contributed interests in appreciated properties to the Operating Partnership will be allocated lower amounts of depreciation deductions for tax purposes than such deductions would be if determined on a pro rata basis. In addition, in the event of the disposition of any of the contributed assets that have a book-tax difference, all taxable income attributable to the book-tax difference generally will be allocated to the contributing partners, and we generally will be allocated only our share of capital gains attributable to appreciation, if any, occurring after the closing of the acquisition of the properties. This will tend to eliminate the book-tax difference over the life of the Operating Partnership. However, the special allocation rules of Section 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code do not always entirely eliminate the book-tax difference on an annual basis or with respect to a specific taxable transaction such as a sale. Thus, the carryover basis of the contributed assets in the hands of the Operating Partnership will cause us to be allocated lower depreciation and other deductions and possibly amounts of taxable income in the event of a sale of the contributed assets in excess of the economic or book income allocated to it as a result of the sale. This may cause us to recognize taxable income in excess of cash proceeds, which might adversely affect our ability to comply with the REIT distribution requirements.
Treasury Regulations under Section 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code provide partnerships with a choice of several methods of accounting for book-tax differences, including the traditional method that may leave some of the book-tax differences unaccounted for, or the election of certain methods which would permit any distortions caused by a book-tax difference to be entirely rectified on an annual basis or with respect to a specific taxable transaction such as a sale. For most property contributions, we, along with the Operating Partnership, have determined to use the traditional method for accounting for book-tax differences with respect to the properties contributed to the Operating Partnership. As a result of this determination, distributions to stockholders will be comprised of a greater portion of taxable income and less return of capital than if another method for accounting for book-tax differences had been selected. We, along with the Operating Partnership, have not determined which of the alternative methods of accounting for book-tax differences will be elected with respect to properties contributed to the Operating Partnership in the future.
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With respect to any property purchased by the Operating Partnership, this property initially will have a tax basis equal to its fair market value and Section 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code will not apply.
Basis in Operating Partnership Interest. Our adjusted tax basis in our interest in the Operating Partnership generally:
· will equal the amount of cash and the basis of any other property that we contributed to the Operating Partnership;
· will increase by our allocable share of the Operating Partnerships income and our allocable share of debt of the Operating Partnership; and
· will decrease, but not below zero, by our allocable share of losses suffered by the Operating Partnership, the amount of cash distributed to us, and constructive distributions resulting from a reduction in our share of debt of the Operating Partnership.
If the allocation of our distributive share of the Operating Partnerships loss exceeds the adjusted tax basis of our partnership interest in the Operating Partnership, the recognition of the excess loss will be deferred until such time and to the extent that we have an adjusted tax basis in our interest in the Operating Partnership. To the extent that the Operating Partnerships distributions, or any decrease in our share of the debt of the Operating Partnership (such decreases being considered a cash distribution to the partners) exceed our adjusted tax basis, the excess distributions (including such constructive distributions) constitute taxable income to us. This taxable income normally will be characterized as long-term capital gain, subject to reduced tax rates described above for non-corporate U.S. Stockholders, to the extent designated by us as a capital gain dividend. Under current law, capital gains and ordinary income of corporations generally are taxed at the same marginal rates.
Sale of the Properties. Our share of gain realized by the Operating Partnership on the sale of any property held by the Operating Partnership as inventory or other property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of the Operating Partnerships trade or business will be treated as income from a prohibited transaction that is subject to a 100% penalty tax. Prohibited transaction income also may have an adverse effect upon our ability to satisfy the income tests for qualification as a REIT. Under existing law, whether the Operating Partnership holds its property as inventory or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of its trade or business is a question of fact that depends on all the facts and circumstances with respect to the particular transaction. The Operating Partnership intends to hold the properties for investment with a view to long-term appreciation, to engage in the business of acquiring, developing, owning and operating the properties and to make such occasional sales of the properties, including peripheral land, as are consistent with the Operating Partnerships investment objectives.
We and our stockholders may be subject to state and local tax in various states and localities, including those in which we or they transact business, own property or reside. The tax treatment of us and the stockholders in such jurisdictions may differ from the federal income tax treatment described above. Consequently, prospective stockholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the effect of state and local tax laws on an investment in our stock.
25
The selling shareholders may, from time to time, sell any or all of the shares of our common stock beneficially owned by them and offered hereby directly or through one or more broker-dealers or agents. The selling shareholders will be responsible for any agents commissions. The common stock may be sold in one or more transactions at fixed prices, at prevailing market prices at the time of the sale, at varying prices determined at the time of sale, or at privately negotiated prices. The selling shareholders may use any one or more of the following methods when selling shares:
· on the NYSE or any other national securities exchange or quotation service on which the securities may be listed or quoted at the time of sale;
· in the over-the-counter market;
· in transactions otherwise than on these exchanges or systems or in the over-the-counter market;
· through the writing of options, whether such options are listed on an options exchange or otherwise;
· ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers;
· block trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the shares as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction;
· purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its account;
· an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange;
· in privately negotiated transactions;
· through the settlement of short sales;
· broker-dealers may agree with the selling shareholders to sell a specified number of such shares at a stipulated price per share;
· a combination of any such methods of sale; and
· any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law.
The selling shareholders may also sell shares under Rule 144 under the Securities Act, to the extent available, rather than under this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement. In addition, the selling shareholders may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers who may engage in short sales of shares in the course of hedging the positions they assume with the selling shareholders. The selling shareholders may also sell shares short and deliver the shares to close out such short position. The selling shareholders may also enter into option or other transactions with broker-dealers that require the delivery by such broker-dealers of the shares, which shares may be resold thereafter pursuant to this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement.
Broker-dealers engaged by the selling shareholders may arrange for other broker-dealers to participate in sales of our common stock. If the selling shareholders effect such transactions through underwriters, broker-dealers or agents, such underwriters, broker-dealers or agents may receive commissions in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the selling shareholders or commissions from purchasers of the shares of our common stock for whom they may act as agent or to whom they may sell as principal, or both (which discounts, concessions or commissions as to particular underwriters, broker-dealers or agents may be less than or in excess of those customary in the types of transactions involved). The selling shareholders and any broker-dealers or agents that are involved in selling the shares may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act in connection with such sales. In such event, any commissions received by such broker-dealers or agents and
26
any profit on the resale of the shares purchased by them may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act.
The selling shareholders will be subject to the Exchange Act, including Regulation M, which may limit the timing of purchases and sales of common stock by the selling shareholders and their affiliates.
There can be no assurance that the selling shareholders will sell any or all of the shares of common stock registered pursuant to the registration statement, of which this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement forms a part.
Legal matters in connection with this offering, including, without limitation, the validity of the offered securities, are being passed upon for us by Alston & Bird LLP, Atlanta, Georgia.
The consolidated financial statements and related schedules of Duke and of the Operating Partnership as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, and for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2005, managements assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2005 and the combined statement of revenue in excess of certain expenses of The Mark Winkler Operating Properties for the year ended December 31, 2005, have been incorporated by reference herein and in the registration statement in reliance upon the reports of KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, incorporated by reference herein, and upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
With respect to the unaudited interim financial information for the periods ended March 31, 2006 and 2005 of Duke and the Operating Partnership, incorporated by reference in this prospectus, the independent registered public accounting firm has reported that they applied limited procedures in accordance with professional standards for a review of such information. However, their separate reports included in our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2006, and incorporated by reference herein, state that they did not audit and they do not express an opinion on that interim financial information. Accordingly, the degree of reliance on their reports on such information should be restricted in light of the limited nature of the review procedures applied. The accountants are not subject to the liability provisions of Section 11 of the Securities Act for their reports on the unaudited interim financial information because those reports are not reports or a part of the registration statement prepared or certified by the accountants within the meaning of Sections 7 and 11 of the Securities Act.
27
PART II. INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution
The following table sets forth the costs and expenses payable by us in connection with the distribution of the securities being registered. We have estimated all amounts except the SEC registration fee.
|
|
Amount |
|
|
SEC registration fee |
|
$ |
16,629 |
|
Legal fees and expenses |
|
$ |
50,000 |
* |
Accounting fees and expenses |
|
$ |
6,000 |
* |
Printing and reproduction expenses |
|
$ |
20,000 |
* |
Miscellaneous expenses |
|
$ |
7,371 |
* |
Total |
|
$ |
100,000 |
* |
* Estimated. Actual amounts to be determined from time to time.
We will pay all of the costs identified above.
Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers
We are an Indiana corporation. Our officers and directors are and will be indemnified under Indiana law, our Third Restated Articles of Incorporation, and the partnership agreements of the Operating Partnership and Duke Realty Services Limited Partnership against certain liabilities. Chapter 37 of The Indiana Business Corporation Law, or the IBCL, requires a corporation, unless its articles of incorporation provide otherwise, to indemnify a director or an officer of the corporation who is wholly successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative and whether formal or informal, against reasonable expenses, including counsel fees, incurred in connection with the proceeding. Our Third Restated Articles of Incorporation do not contain any provision prohibiting such indemnification.
The IBCL also permits a corporation to indemnify a director, officer, employee or agent who is made a party to a proceeding because the person was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation against liability incurred in the proceeding if (i) the individuals conduct was in good faith and (ii) the individual reasonably believed (A) in the case of conduct in the individuals official capacity with the corporation that the conduct was in the corporations best interests and (B) in all other cases that the individuals conduct was at least not opposed to the corporations best interests and (iii) in the case of a criminal proceeding, the individual either (A) had reasonable cause to believe the individuals conduct was lawful or (B) had no reasonable cause to believe the individuals conduct was unlawful. The IBCL also permits a corporation to pay for or reimburse reasonable expenses incurred before the final disposition of the proceeding and permits a court of competent jurisdiction to order a corporation to indemnify a director or officer if the court determines that the person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification in view of all the relevant circumstances, whether or not the person met the standards for indemnification otherwise provided in the IBCL.
Our Third Restated Articles of Incorporation provide for certain additional limitations of liability and indemnification. Section 13.01 of the Third Restated Articles of Incorporation provides that a director shall not be personally liable to us or our shareholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability (1) for any breach of the directors duty of loyalty to us or our shareholders, (2) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (3) for voting for or assenting to an unlawful distribution, or (4) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. Section 13.02 of the Third Restated Articles of Incorporation generally provides that any of our directors or officers or any person
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who is serving at our request as a director, officer, employee or agent of another entity shall be indemnified and held harmless by us to the fullest extent authorized by the IBCL against all expense, liability and loss (including attorneys fees, judgments, fines, certain employee benefits excise taxes or penalties and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered in connection with a civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding to which such person is a party by reason of the persons service with or at our request. Section 13.02 of our Third Restated Articles of Incorporation also provides such persons with certain rights to be paid by us the expenses incurred in defending any such proceeding in advance of the final disposition and the right to enforce indemnification claims against us by bringing suit against us.
Our Third Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize us to maintain insurance to protect us and any of our directors, officers, employees or agents or those of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expense, liability or loss, whether or not we would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under the IBCL. We currently maintain officer and director liability insurance.
Each of the partnership agreements for the Operating Partnership and Duke Realty Services Limited Partnership also provides for indemnification of us and our officers and directors to substantially the same extent provided to Duke or our officers and directors in our Third Restated Articles of Incorporation, and limits the liability of us and our officers and directors to the Operating Partnership and its partners and to Duke Realty Services Limited Partnership and its partners, respectively, to substantially the same extent limited under our Third Restated Articles of Incorporation.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling Duke pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
Exhibit |
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|
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||
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4.1 |
|
|
Form of Certificate for Common Stock of Duke Realty Corporation.* |
|
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4.2 |
|
|
Indenture, dated November 22, 2006, among Duke Realty Limited Partnership, Duke Realty Corporation and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as trustee, including the form of 3.75% Exchangeable Senior Notes due 2011 (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Duke Realty Limited Partnerships Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on November 29, 2006, File No. 000-20625, and incorporated herein by this reference). |
|
|
5.1 |
|
|
Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP.* |
|
|
8.1 |
|
|
Tax Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP.* |
|
|
15.1 |
|
|
Letter of KPMG LLP regarding unaudited interim financial information.* |
|
|
23.1 |
|
|
Consent of Alston & Bird LLP (included in Exhibits 5.1 and 8.1 filed herewith). |
|
|
23.2 |
|
|
Consent of KPMG LLP.* |
|
|
24.1 |
|
|
Powers of Attorney.* |
|
* Filed herewith.
II-2
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the Calculation of Registration Fee table in the effective registration statement; and
(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;
provided, however, that paragraphs (i), (ii) and (iii) do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in this registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.
That, for the purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:
(A) Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
(B) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5) or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii) or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which the prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the
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registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.
That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of an undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of an undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;
(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of an undersigned Registrant or used or referred to by an undersigned registrant;
(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about an undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of an undersigned registrant; and
(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by an undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of Registrants annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plans annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it or against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, each of the registrants certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Indianapolis, State of Indiana, on February 16, 2007.
Duke Realty Corporation |
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By: |
/s/ Dennis D. Oklak |
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Name: |
Dennis D. Oklak |
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Title: |
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |
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By: |
/s/ Matthew A. Cohoat |
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Name: |
Matthew A. Cohoat |
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Title: |
Executive Vice President and |
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Chief Financial Officer |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
Name |
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Title |
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Date |
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||||||
/s/ Dennis D. Oklak |
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Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director |
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February 16, 2007 |
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Dennis D. Oklak |
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(Principal Executive Officer) |
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||||||
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||||||
/s/ Matthew A. Cohoat |
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Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
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February 16, 2007 |
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Matthew A. Cohoat |
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(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
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* |
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Barrington H. Branch |
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Director |
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February 16, 2007 |
||||||
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||||||
* |
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Geoffrey Button |
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Director |
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February 16, 2007 |
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* |
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William Cavanaugh III |
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Director |
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February 16, 2007 |
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* |
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Ngaire E. Cuneo |
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Director |
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February 16, 2007 |
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* |
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Charles R. Eitel |
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Director |
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February 16, 2007 |
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* |
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R. Glenn Hubbard, PhD |
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Director |
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February 16, 2007 |
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Martin C. Jischke, PhD |
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Director |
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February 16, 2007 |
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II-5
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L. Ben Lytle |
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Director |
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February 16, 2007 |
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* |
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William O. McCoy |
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Director |
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February 16, 2007 |
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* |
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Jack R. Shaw |
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Director |
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February 16, 2007 |
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* |
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Robert J. Woodward, Jr. |
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Director |
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February 16, 2007 |
* By: |
/s/ Howard L. Feinsand |
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Howard L. Feinsand |
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Attorney-in-Fact |
|
II-6
4.1 |
|
Form of Certificate for Common Stock of Duke Realty Corporation.* |
5.1 |
|
Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP.* |
8.1 |
|
Tax Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP.* |
15.1 |
|
Letter of KPMG LLP regarding unaudited interim financial information.* |
23.1 |
|
Consent of Alston & Bird LLP (included in Exhibits 5.1 and 8.1 filed herewith). |
23.2 |
|
Consent of KPMG LLP.* |
24.1 |
|
Powers of Attorney.* |
* Filed herewith.