10-Q
Table of Contents

 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
 
 
 
FORM 10-Q
 
 
 
 
(MARK ONE)
ý
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2015
OR
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM                 TO
Commission File Number 001-36779
 
 
 
 
On Deck Capital, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
 
 
 
Delaware
 
42-1709682
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
 
 
1400 Broadway, 25th Floor, New York, New York
 
10018
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
 
(888) 269-4246
 
 
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
 
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    YES ý     NO  ¨ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data file required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    YES  ý    NO  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer
 
¨
 
Accelerated filer
 
¨
Non-accelerated filer
 
x  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
Smaller reporting company
 
¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    YES  ¨    NO  ý
The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of October 31, 2015 was 69,974,770.
 


Table of Contents

On Deck Capital, Inc.
Table of Contents
 
 
 
Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2
Item 3.
Item 4.
 
 
 
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
 
 
 
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Table of Contents

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
Item 1.
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
 
  
ON DECK CAPITAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
 
 
September 30,
 
December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
Assets
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
165,713

 
$
220,433

Restricted cash
35,496

 
29,448

Loans
512,392

 
504,107

Less: Allowance for loan losses
(52,587
)
 
(49,804
)
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses
459,805


454,303

Loans held for sale
6,849

 
1,523

Deferred debt issuance costs
4,428

 
5,374

Property, equipment and software, net
18,232

 
13,929

Other assets
18,125

 
4,622

Total assets
$
708,648


$
729,632

Liabilities and equity
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
2,553

 
$
4,065

Interest payable
695

 
819

Funding debt
351,185

 
387,928

Corporate debt

 
12,000

Accrued expenses and other liabilities
24,739

 
14,215

Total liabilities
379,172


419,027

Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)

 

Stockholders’ equity:
 
 
 
Common stock—$0.005 par value, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized and 69,949,413 and 69,031,719 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively
365

 
360

Treasury stock—at cost
(5,843
)
 
(5,656
)
Additional paid-in capital
453,439

 
442,969

Accumulated deficit
(123,682
)
 
(127,068
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(669
)
 

Total On Deck Capital, Inc.'s stockholders’ equity
323,610


310,605

Noncontrolling interest
5,866

 

Total equity
329,476

 
310,605

Total liabilities and equity
$
708,648


$
729,632

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

Table of Contents

ON DECK CAPITAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)  
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
$
48,624

 
$
40,661

 
$
147,571

 
$
99,873

Gain on sales of loans
16,789

 
1,642

 
35,178

 
4,569

Other revenue
1,985

 
1,206

 
4,418

 
3,131

Gross revenue
67,398


43,509

 
187,167

 
107,573

Cost of revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for loan losses
16,239

 
17,359

 
54,865

 
47,011

Funding costs
5,126

 
4,090

 
14,941

 
12,531

Total cost of revenue
21,365


21,449

 
69,806

 
59,542

Net revenue
46,033


22,060

 
117,361

 
48,031

Operating expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales and marketing
15,847

 
8,325

 
43,503

 
21,799

Technology and analytics
11,111

 
4,649

 
29,904

 
11,357

Processing and servicing
3,352

 
2,235

 
9,070

 
5,928

General and administrative
12,146

 
6,142

 
31,722

 
13,968

Total operating expense
42,456


21,351

 
114,199

 
53,052

Income (loss) from operations
3,577


709

 
3,162

 
(5,021
)
Other expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
(70
)
 
(55
)
 
(250
)
 
(274
)
Warrant liability fair value adjustment

 
(300
)
 

 
(9,122
)
Total other expense
(70
)

(355
)
 
(250
)
 
(9,396
)
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes
3,507

 
354

 
2,912

 
(14,417
)
Provision for income taxes

 

 

 

Net income (loss)
3,507


354

 
2,912

 
(14,417
)
Accretion of dividends on redeemable convertible preferred stock

 
(3,628
)
 

 
(9,828
)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
226

 

 
458

 

Net income (loss) attributable to On Deck Capital, Inc. common stockholders
$
3,733


$
(3,274
)
 
$
3,370

 
$
(24,245
)
Net income (loss) per share attributable to On Deck Capital, Inc. common stockholders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.05

 
$
(0.51
)
 
$
0.05

 
$
(4.43
)
Diluted
$
0.05

 
$
(0.51
)
 
$
0.04

 
$
(4.43
)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
69,678,742

 
6,424,586

 
69,472,636

 
5,470,998

Diluted
75,125,740

 
6,424,586

 
75,414,348

 
5,470,998

Comprehensive income (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$
3,507

 
$
354

 
$
2,912

 
$
(14,417
)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustment
(1,215
)
 

 
(1,215
)
 

Comprehensive income (loss)
2,292

 
354

 
1,697

 
(14,417
)
Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
546

 

 
546

 

Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
226

 

 
458

 

Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to On Deck Capital, Inc. common stockholders
$
3,064

 
$
354

 
$
2,701

 
$
(14,417
)

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

ON DECK CAPITAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2015
 
2014
Cash flows from operating activities
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$
2,912

 
$
(14,417
)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
Provision for loan losses
54,865

 
47,011

Depreciation and amortization
4,621

 
2,848

Amortization of debt issuance costs
2,130

 
2,010

Stock-based compensation
8,065

 
1,447

Loss on disposal

 
774

Warrant liability fair value adjustment

 
9,127

Amortization of net deferred origination costs
26,041

 
19,366

Gain on sales of loans
(35,178
)
 
(4,569
)
Provision for unfunded loan commitment
1,915

 
151

Common stock warrant issuance

 
64

Gain on extinguishment of debt
(182
)
 

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Other assets
(11,053
)
 
(3,986
)
Accounts payable
59

 
2,584

Interest payable
(124
)
 
(403
)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
10,313

 
3,894

Originations of loans held for sale
(314,134
)
 
(77,000
)
Payments of net deferred origination costs of loans held for sale
(12,142
)
 
(3,985
)
Proceeds from sale of loans held for sale
342,825

 
83,536

Principal repayments of loans held for sale
8,757

 
788

Net cash provided by operating activities
89,690

 
69,240

Cash flows from investing activities
 
 
 
Change in restricted cash
(6,061
)
 
(7,773
)
Purchases of property, equipment and software
(5,115
)
 
(7,411
)
Capitalized internal-use software
(3,219
)
 
(2,137
)
Originations of term loans and lines of credit, excluding rollovers into new originations
(809,319
)
 
(605,332
)
Proceeds from sale of loans held for investment
106,007

 

Payments of net deferred origination costs
(20,578
)
 
(24,151
)
Principal repayments of term loans and lines of credit
639,918

 
372,550

Net cash used in investing activities
(98,367
)
 
(274,254
)
Cash flows from financing activities
 
 
 
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and warrants
227

 
4,044

Payments of initial public offering costs
(1,845
)
 

Purchase of shares for treasury
(184
)
 

Investment by noncontrolling interest
7,069

 

Proceeds from the issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock

 
77,000

Proceeds from the issuance of funding debt
159,557

 
428,535

Payments of debt issuance costs
(1,185
)
 
(4,964
)

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Table of Contents

 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2015
 
2014
Repayment of funding debt principal
(196,118
)
 
(269,629
)
Repayment of corporate debt principal
(12,000
)
 
(12,000
)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
(44,479
)
 
222,986

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
(1,564
)
 

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
(54,720
)
 
17,972

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
220,433

 
4,670

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
165,713


$
22,642

Supplemental disclosure of other cash flow information
 
 
 
Cash paid for interest
$
11,739

 
$
10,966

Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities
 
 
 
Stock-based compensation included in capitalized internal-use software
$
597

 
$
159

Loans transferred from loans held for sale to loans
$
1,348

 
$

Accrued deferred offering costs
$

 
$
1,350

Unpaid principal balance of term loans rolled into new originations
$
194,218

 
$
105,974

Accretion of dividends on redeemable convertible preferred stock
$

 
$
9,828


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

ON DECK CAPITAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Organization

On Deck Capital, Inc.’s principal activity is providing financing products to small businesses located throughout the United States and Canada, including term loans and lines of credit. We use technology and analytics to aggregate data about a business and then quickly and efficiently analyze the creditworthiness of the business using our proprietary credit scoring model.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and footnotes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") as contained in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (‘‘FASB’’) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) for interim financial information. All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year or the results for any future periods. We have reclassified certain prior-period amounts to conform to the current period’s presentation. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements, including the related notes, and the other information contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014. When used in these notes to condensed consolidated financial statements, the terms "we," "us," "our" or similar terms refers to On Deck Capital, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
In the second quarter of 2015, we acquired a 55% interest in On Deck Capital Australia PTY LTD ("OnDeck Australia") with the remaining 45% owned by non-affiliated parties. In the third quarter of 2015, we acquired a 67% interest in Lancelot QBFOD LLC with the remaining 33% owned by Intuit Inc. ("Intuit"). We have entered into the transaction involving OnDeck Australia with local partners to facilitate providing financing products to small businesses in Australia. We and Intuit jointly invested in Lancelot QBFOD LLC to provide integrated access to line of credit financing to Intuit customers utilizing Intuit's customer data. We consolidate the financial position and results of operations of OnDeck Australia and Lancelot QBFOD LLC. The noncontrolling interest, which is presented as a separate component of our consolidated equity, represents the minority owners' proportionate share of the equity of the jointly owned entities. The noncontrolling interest is adjusted for the minority owners' share of the earnings, losses, investments and distributions.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates include allowance for loan losses, valuation of warrants, stock-based compensation expense, servicing assets/liabilities, capitalized software development costs, the useful lives of long-lived assets and valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. We base our estimates on historical experience, current events and other factors we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates and assumptions are inherently subjective in nature; actual results may differ from these estimates and assumptions.
Loans and Loans Held for Sale
Loans
We originate term loans and lines of credit (collectively, “loans”) that are generally short term in nature and require daily or weekly repayments. We have both the ability and intent to hold these loans to maturity. When we originate a term loan, the borrower grants us a security interest in its assets. We may or may not perfect our security interest by publicly filing a financing statement. Loans are carried at amortized cost, reduced by a valuation allowance for loan losses estimated as of the balance sheet dates. In accordance with ASC Subtopic 310-20, Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs, the amortized cost of a loan is equal to the unpaid principal balance, plus net deferred origination costs. Net deferred origination costs are comprised of certain direct origination costs, net of all loan origination fees received. Loan origination fees include fees charged to the borrower related to origination that increase the loan’s effective interest yield. Direct origination costs in excess of loan origination fees received are included in the loan balance and amortized over the term of the loan using the effective interest method. Loan origination costs are limited to direct costs attributable to originating a loan, including commissions and personnel costs directly related to the time spent by those individuals performing activities related to loan origination. Additionally, when a term loan is originated in conjunction with the extinguishment of a previously issued term loan, also known as a renewal, we determine whether this is a new loan or a modification to an existing loan in accordance with ASC 310-20. If accounted for as a new loan, any remaining

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unamortized net deferred costs are recognized when the new loan is originated. Further, when a renewal is accounted for as a new loan, the cash flows of the origination and related net deferred origination costs of that new loan are presented as operating cash outflows on the Statement of Cash Flows if the renewal is designated to be sold or as investing cash outflows if the renewal is designated to be held for investment. If a renewal is accounted for as a modification, any remaining unamortized net deferred costs are amortized over the life of the modified loan. Further, when a renewal is accounted for as a modification, the additional cash flows associated with the origination and related net deferred origination costs of that modification are presented on the Statement of Cash Flows within the same section as the originally issued term loan prior to renewal.
Loans Held for Sale
OnDeck Marketplace® is a program whereby we originate and sell certain term loans to third-party institutional investors and retain servicing rights. We sell these whole loans to purchasers in exchange for a cash payment. A portion of our loans are originated for the purpose of being sold through OnDeck Marketplace. These whole loans are initially classified as held for sale within a short period of time from the initial funding when the whole loan is identified for sale and a plan exists for the sale. A loan that is initially designated as held for sale or held for investment may be reclassified when our intent for that loan changes. When a loan held for sale is reclassified to held for investment, the loan is recorded at amortized costs and an appropriate provision for loan loss is recorded. When a loan held for investment is reclassified to held for sale, any allowance for loan loss related to that loan will be released. Loans held for sale, inclusive of net deferred origination costs, are recorded at the lower of amortized cost or fair value until the loans are sold or reclassified.
Servicing Rights
We service loans that we have sold to third parties and upon such sale, we may recognize a servicing asset or liability, collectively referred to as servicing rights. Receiving more than adequate compensation, as defined by ASC Topic 860 Transfers and Servicing, results in the recognition of a servicing asset. Receiving less than adequate compensation results in a servicing liability. Servicing assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value and are presented as a component of other assets or accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively. The initial recognition of a servicing asset results in a corresponding increase to gain on sales of loans. The initial recognition of a servicing liability results in a corresponding decrease to gain on sales of loans. Subsequent adjustments to the fair value of servicing rights are recognized as an adjustment to other revenue.
We utilize industry-standard modeling, such as discounted cash flow models, to arrive at an estimate of fair value and may utilize independent service providers to assist in the valuation process. Significant assumptions used in valuing our servicing rights are as follows:
Adequate compensation: We estimate adequate compensation as the rate a willing market participant would require to service loans with similar characteristics as those in the serviced portfolio. In the event of a lack of transparency and quantity of transactions related to trades of servicing rights of comparable loans (i.e., loans with comparable terms, unpaid principal balances, renewal rates and default rates) we may consider the actual cost incurred as an appropriate proxy for what a market participant would require to service the loans.
Discount rate: For servicing rights on loans, the discount rate reflects the time value of money and a risk premium intended to reflect the amount of compensation market participants would require.
Renewal rate: We estimate the timing and probability that a borrower may renew their loan in advance of scheduled repayment, thus reducing the projected unpaid principal balance and expected term of the loan, which are used to project future servicing revenues.
Default rate: We estimate the timing and probability of loan defaults and write-offs, thus reducing the projected unpaid principal balance and expected term of the loan, which are used to project future servicing revenues.
Allowance for Loan Losses
The allowance for loan losses (“ALLL”) is established through periodic charges to the provision for loan losses. Loan losses are charged against the ALLL when we believe that the future collection of principal is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the ALLL.
We evaluate the creditworthiness of our portfolio on a pooled basis due to its composition of small, homogeneous loans with similar general credit risk characteristics and diversification among variables including industry and geography. We use a proprietary forecast loss rate at origination for new loans that have not had the opportunity to make payments when they are first funded. The forecasted loss rate is updated daily to reflect actual loan performance, and the underlying ALLL model is updated monthly to reflect our assumptions. The allowance is subjective as it requires material estimates, including such factors as historical trends, known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect borrowers’ ability to repay and current economic conditions. Other qualitative factors considered may include items such as uncertainties in forecasting and modeling

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techniques, changes in portfolio composition, seasonality, business conditions and emerging trends. Recovery of the carrying value of loans is dependent to a great extent on conditions that may be beyond our control. Any combination of the aforementioned factors may adversely affect our loan portfolio resulting in increased delinquencies and loan losses and could require additional provisions for credit losses, which could impact future periods. In our opinion, we have provided adequate allowances to absorb probable credit losses inherent in our loan portfolio based on available and relevant information affecting the loan portfolio at each balance sheet date.
Accrual for Unfunded Loan Commitments and Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures
For our line of credit product we estimate probable losses on unfunded loan commitments similarly to the ALLL process and include the calculated amount in accrued expenses and other liabilities. We believe the accrual for unfunded loan commitments is sufficient to absorb estimated probable losses related to these unfunded credit commitments. The determination of the adequacy of the accrual is based on evaluations of the unfunded credit commitments, including an assessment of the probability of commitment usage, credit risk factors for lines of credit outstanding to these customers and the terms and expiration dates of the unfunded credit commitments. As of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, our off-balance sheet credit exposure related to the undrawn line of credit balances was $65.1 million and $28.7 million, respectively. The related accrual for unfunded loan commitments was $3.2 million and $1.3 million as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. Net adjustments to the accrual for unfunded loan commitments are included in general and administrative expenses.
Accrual for Third-Party Representations
We have made certain representations to third parties that purchase loans through OnDeck Marketplace. There are no restricted assets related to the underlying loan sale agreements. Any significant estimated post-sale obligations or contingent obligations to the purchaser of the loans, such as fraudulent loan repurchase obligations or excess loss indemnification obligations, would be accrued if probable and estimable in accordance with ASC 450, Contingencies. As of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we have recorded a liability of $0.3 million and $0, respectively, related to estimated post-sale obligations.
Revenue Recognition
Interest Income
We generate revenue primarily through interest and origination fees earned on loans originated and held to maturity.
We recognize interest and origination fee revenue over the terms of the underlying loans using the effective interest method. Origination fees collected but not yet recognized as revenue are netted with direct origination costs and presented as a component of loans in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Historically, borrowers who elected to prepay term loans were required to pay future interest and fees that would have been assessed had the term loan been repaid in accordance with its original agreement. Beginning in December 2014, certain term loans may be eligible for a discount of future interest and fees that would have been assessed had the loan been repaid in accordance with its original agreement.
Gain on Sales of Loans
In October 2013, we started OnDeck Marketplace whereby we originate and sell certain loans to third-party purchasers and retain servicing rights. We account for the loan sales in accordance with ASC Topic 860, Transfers and Servicing, which states that a transfer of a financial asset, a group of financial assets, or a participating interest in a financial asset is accounted for as a sale if all of the following conditions are met:
 
1.
The financial assets are isolated from the transferor and its consolidated affiliates as well as its creditors.

2.
The transferee or beneficial interest holders have the right to pledge or exchange the transferred financial assets.

3.
The transferor does not maintain effective control of the transferred assets.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, all sales met the requirements for sale treatment in accordance with ASC Topic 860, Transfers and Servicing. We record the gain or loss on the sale of a loan at the sale date in an amount equal to the proceeds received, adjusted for initial recognition of servicing assets or liabilities obtained at the date of sale, less outstanding principal and net deferred origination costs.

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Other Revenue
Other revenue includes servicing revenue related to loans previously sold, fair value adjustments to servicing rights, marketing fees earned from our issuing bank partner, which are recognized as the related services are provided, and monthly fees charged to customers for our line of credit products.
Stock-Based Compensation
In accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, all stock-based compensation provided to employees is measured based on the grant-date fair value of the awards and recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the period during which the award holder is required to perform services in exchange for the award (the vesting period). We issue stock options to employees and directors, which are valued using the Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing Model to estimate the fair value of stock options. The use of the option valuation model requires subjective assumptions, including the fair value of our common stock, the expected term of the option and the expected stock price volatility, which is based on our stock as well as our peer companies. We issue restricted stock units ("RSUs") to employees and directors, which are measured based on the fair values of the underlying stock on the dates of grant. Additionally, the recognition of stock-based compensation expense requires an estimation of the number of options and RSUs that will ultimately vest and the number of options and RSUs that will ultimately be forfeited. Estimated forfeitures are subsequently adjusted to reflect actual forfeiture.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue Recognition, which creates ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and supersedes ASC 605, Revenue Recognition. ASU 2014-09 requires revenue to be recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for goods or services as described in ASU 2014-09. In July 2015, the FASB voted to defer the effective date of the new revenue standard by one year. The new guidance will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted, but not before the original effective date of December 15, 2016. We are currently in the process of assessing the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.
        
In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, which amends ASC 835-30, Interest - Imputation of Interest. ASU 2015-03 requires entities to change the presentation of debt issuance costs in the financial statements. Under the ASU, an entity will be required to present such costs in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the related debt liability rather than as an asset. This accounting standard is effective beginning January 1, 2016. We are currently assessing the impact this accounting standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.
3. Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share is calculated as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):

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Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$
3,507

 
$
354

 
$
2,912

 
$
(14,417
)
Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
226

 

 
458

 

Less: Accretion of dividends on redeemable convertible preferred stock

 
(3,628
)
 

 
(9,828
)
Net income (loss) attributable to On Deck Capital, Inc. common stockholders
$
3,733

 
$
(3,274
)
 
$
3,370

 
$
(24,245
)
Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding
69,678,742

 
6,424,586

 
69,472,636

 
5,470,998

Weighted average effect of dilutive securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock options
5,151,449

 

 
5,607,795

 

RSUs and restricted stock
16,531

 

 
52,229

 

Warrants to purchase common stock
279,018

 

 
281,688

 

Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding
75,125,740

 
6,424,586

 
75,414,348

 
5,470,998

Net income (loss) attributable to On Deck Capital, Inc. common stockholders per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.05

 
$
(0.51
)
 
$
0.05

 
$
(4.43
)
Diluted
$
0.05

 
$
(0.51
)
 
$
0.04

 
$
(4.43
)

Diluted loss per common share is the same as basic loss per common share for all loss periods presented because the effects of potentially dilutive items were anti-dilutive given our net losses in those periods. The following common share equivalent securities have been excluded from the calculation of weighted-average common shares outstanding because the effect is anti-dilutive for the periods presented:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Anti-Dilutive Common Share Equivalents
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Redeemable convertible preferred stock:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Series A

 
4,438,662

 

 
4,438,662

Series B

 
11,263,702

 

 
11,263,702

Series C

 
9,735,538

 

 
9,735,538

Series C-1

 
2,311,440

 

 
2,311,440

Series D

 
14,467,756

 

 
14,467,756

Series E

 
5,234,546

 

 
5,234,546

Warrants to purchase redeemable convertible preferred stock

 
305,000

 

 
305,000

Warrants to purchase common stock
22,000

 
3,307,526

 
309,792

 
3,307,526

RSUs and restricted stock
1,120,030

 

 
1,163,580

 

Employee stock purchase program
18,176

 

 
18,176

 

Stock options
5,344,263

 
9,970,802

 
10,928,551

 
9,970,802

Total anti-dilutive common share equivalents
6,504,469

 
61,034,972

 
12,420,099

 
61,034,972


The weighted-average exercise price for warrants to purchase 2,516,288 shares of common stock was $9.51 as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, a warrant to purchase

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2,206,496 shares of common stock was excluded from diluted weighted-average shares outstanding and anti-dilutive common share equivalents as performance conditions had not been met.
4. Loans, Allowance for Loan Losses and Loans Held for Sale
Loans consisted of the following as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (in thousands):
 
 
September 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
Term loans
$
455,701

 
$
466,386

Lines of credit
48,613

 
24,177

Total unpaid principal balance
504,314

 
490,563

Net deferred origination costs
8,078

 
13,544

Total loans
$
512,392

 
$
504,107


The activity in the allowance for loan losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Balance - beginning of period
$
53,052

 
$
31,900

 
$
49,804

 
$
19,443

Provision for loan losses
16,239

 
17,359

 
54,865

 
47,011

Loans charged off
(18,839
)
 
(10,403
)
 
(57,853
)
 
(28,462
)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off
2,135

 
900

 
5,771

 
1,764

Allowance for loan losses - end of period
$
52,587

 
$
39,756

 
$
52,587

 
$
39,756

We originate most of the loans in our portfolio and also purchase loans from an issuing bank partner. During the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 we purchased loans in the amount of $56.1 million and $48.4 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 we purchased loans in the amount of $159.6 million and $122.8 million, respectively.
We typically sell previously charged-off loans to a third-party debt collector. The proceeds from these sales are recorded as a component of the recoveries of loans previously charged-off. For the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, previously charged-off loans sold accounted for $1.5 million and $0.8 million of recoveries, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, previously charged-off loans sold accounted for $4.4 million and $1.4 million of recoveries, respectively.
The following table illustrates the unpaid principal balance of loans related to non-delinquent, paying and non-paying delinquent loans as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (in thousands):
 
 
September 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
Non-delinquent loans
$
442,922

 
$
430,689

Delinquent: paying (accrual status)
35,585

 
40,049

Delinquent: non-paying (non-accrual status)
25,807

 
19,825

Total
$
504,314

 
$
490,563

The balance of the allowance for loan losses for non-delinquent loans was $24.4 million and $20.5 million as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, while the balance of the allowance for loan losses for delinquent loans was $28.2 million and $29.3 million as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.

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The following table shows an aging analysis of the unpaid principal balance of loans by delinquency status as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (in thousands): 
 
September 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
By delinquency status:
 
 
 
Non-delinquent loans
$
442,922

 
$
430,689

1-14 calendar days past due
23,824

 
23,954

15-29 calendar days past due
9,435

 
9,462

30-59 calendar days past due
9,443

 
10,707

60-89 calendar days past due
6,825

 
7,724

90 + calendar days past due
11,865

 
8,027

Total unpaid principal balance
$
504,314

 
$
490,563

5. Servicing Rights
As of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we serviced term loans we sold with remaining unpaid principal balance of $270.3 million and $79.7 million, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, we sold through OnDeck Marketplace loans with an unpaid principal balance of $169.0 million and $21.7 million, respectively, and during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 we sold loans with an unpaid principal balance of $404.1 million and $75.0 million, respectively.
For the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, we earned $1.3 million and $0.2 million of servicing revenue, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, we earned $2.7 million and $0.6 million of servicing revenue, respectively.
The following table summarizes the activity related to the fair value of our servicing assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2015
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015
Fair value at the beginning of period (Level 3)
 
$
78

 
$

Addition:
 
 
 
 
Servicing resulting from transfers of financial assets
 
1,466

 
1,544

Changes in fair value:
 
 
 
 
Change in inputs or assumptions used in the valuation model
 
972

 
972

Other changes in fair value (1)
 
(264
)
 
(264
)
Fair value at the end of period
 
$
2,252

 
$
2,252

  ___________
(1) Represents changes due to collection of expected cash flows through September 30, 2015.

6. Debt
The following table summarizes our outstanding debt as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:

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Description
Type
 
Maturity Date
 
Interest Rates at September 30, 2015
 
September 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)
Funding Debt:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ODAST Agreement
Securitization Facility
 
May 2018
 
3.4%
 
$
174,978

 
$
174,972

ODART Agreement
Revolving
 
September 2016 (1)
 
3.2%
 
38,258

 
105,598

ODAC Agreement
Revolving
 
May 2017
 
8.5%
 
23,698

 
32,733

ODAP Agreement
Revolving
 
August 2017
 
5.0%
 
14,634

 
56,686

PORT Agreement
Revolving
 
June 2017
 
2.4%
 
34,966

 

RAOD Agreement
Revolving
 
May 2017
 
3.2%
 
40,476

 

SBAF Agreement
Revolving
 
Various (2)
 
7.0%
 
16,238

 
16,740

Partner Synthetic Participations
Term
 
Various (3)
 
Various
 
7,937

 
1,199

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
351,185

 
387,928

Corporate Debt:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Square 1 Agreement
Revolving
 
October 2015 (1)
 
4.5%
 

 
12,000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
351,185


$
399,928

  ___________
(1)
Subsequent to September 30, 2015 maturity was extended as described below
(2)
Maturity dates range from December 2015 through August 2017
(3)
Maturity dates range from October 2015 through September 2017


On May 22, 2015, through a wholly-owned bankruptcy remote subsidiary, we entered into a $50 million revolving line of credit with SunTrust Bank ("RAOD Agreement"). The facility bears interest at LIBOR plus 3.00%, and matures in May 2017.

On May 22, 2015 an amendment was made to the ODAC Agreement extending the date of maturity from October 2016 to May 2017. In addition to other changes, this facility is now exclusively for the use of financing our line of credit product.

On June 12, 2015, through a wholly-owned bankruptcy remote subsidiary, we entered into a $100 million revolving line of credit with Bank of America, N.A. ("PORT Agreement"). The facility bears interest at LIBOR plus 2.25%, and matures in
June 2017.

On August 13, 2015, an amendment was made to the ODAP Agreement converting the Lenders’ obligation from a commitment to make revolving loans to ODAP of up to $75 million to an agreement under which the Lenders are allowed to make, on an uncommitted basis, revolving loans to ODAP of up to $100 million; extending the revolving termination date (i.e., the period during which ODAP is permitted to request the advance of revolving loans) by approximately one year to August 13, 2016 and the amortization period end date by approximately one year to August 13, 2017; increasing the borrowing advance rate; and various other changes.

On October 2, 2015 an amendment was made to the Square 1 Agreement which extended the date of maturity from October 2015 to October 2016, added a minimum monthly interest payment and modified certain financial and portfolio covenants.

On October 7, 2015 an amendment was made to the ODART Agreement extending the date of maturity from September 2016 to September 2017. As a result of the amendment, the Class A revolving loans will bear interest at a rate of Cost of Funds plus 2.25% and, at ODART's request, the Class B revolving lending commitment was terminated, reducing the total facility to $150 million.  At ODART’s election, the $17.6 million Class B revolving commitment can be reintroduced which would restore the facility to $167.6 million. The borrowing base will be 95% and the interest rate will  be LIBOR plus 7.00% for such Class B revolving loans.  The amendment will further allow for a specified portion of the financing for weekly paying term loans.

7. Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock

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The following table presents a summary of activity for the preferred stock issued and outstanding for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 (in thousands): 
 
Series A
 
Series B
 
Series C
 
Series C-1
 
Series D
 
Series E
 
Total
Amount
Balance, January 1, 2014
$
2,559

 
$
22,918

 
$
24,749

 
$
5,401

 
$
62,716

 
$

 
$
118,343

Issuance of preferred stock

 

 

 

 

 
76,985

 
76,985

Exercise of preferred stock warrants

 
5,982

 

 
7,225

 

 

 
13,207

Accretion of dividends on preferred stock
98

 
960

 
1,226

 
306

 
3,610

 
3,628

 
9,828

Balance, September 30, 2014
$
2,657

 
$
29,860

 
$
25,975

 
$
12,932

 
$
66,326

 
$
80,613

 
$
218,363


All redeemable convertible preferred stock automatically converted into shares of common stock upon close of our initial public offering in December 2014. As of September 30, 2015 we had no redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding.
8. Income Tax
As part of the process of preparing the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves determining the annual effective tax rate, income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) related to temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items, such as the loan loss reserve, timing of depreciation and deferred rent liabilities, for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included within the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. We must then assess the likelihood that the deferred tax assets will be recovered through the generation of future taxable income.
We have not incurred any income tax during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 due to one or more of the following reasons:
the book losses incurred during those periods;
the anticipated and known book losses for years ending December 31, 2015 and ended 2014, respectively, or;
the significant deferred tax assets available for application should permanent and temporary differences from book income yield taxable income.
We claimed deductions on our U.S. federal tax return for certain expenses related to our initial public offering that were validated at the level of substantial authority, but did not exceed the "more likely than not" threshold. Deductions that are not deemed more likely than not to withstand examination by a taxing authority are considered to be "uncertain tax positions" as defined in ASC 740 Income Taxes. We estimate the tax-effected exposure of these deductions to be approximately $2.2 million. These deductions did not result in any change to our tax payable or our provision for income taxes, both of which were $0 as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as we would have been in a loss position for both book and tax purposes without regard to these deductions. These deductions will increase our deferred tax asset as well as the corresponding valuation allowance. There will be no financial statement benefit derived from this additional deferred tax asset until such time as the valuation allowance is released.
The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon the level of historical losses and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible, management believes it is more likely than not that we will not realize the benefits of these deductible differences in the foreseeable future. Therefore, we have recorded a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax asset.
9. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

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We evaluate our financial assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements on a recurring basis to determine the appropriate level at which to classify them for each reporting period. Due to the lack of transparency and quantity of transactions related to trades of servicing rights of comparable loans, we utilize an income valuation technique to estimate fair value. We utilize industry-standard modeling, such as discounted cash flow models, to arrive at an estimate of fair value and may utilize independent service providers to assist in the valuation process. This determination requires significant judgment.

The following tables present information about our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2015 (in thousands):
 
 
September 30, 2015
Description
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Servicing assets
$

 
$

 
$
2,252

 
$
2,252

Total assets
$

 
$

 
$
2,252

 
$
2,252


There were no transfers between levels during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

The following tables presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for certain of our Level 3 fair value measurement at September 30, 2015.

Servicing Rights
 
September 30, 2015
 
Unobservable input
 
Weighted Average
Servicing assets
Discount rate
 
30.00
%
 
Cost of service(1)
 
0.07
%
 
Renewal rate
 
43.44
%
 
Default rate
 
6.43
%
(1) Estimated cost of servicing a loan as a percentage of unpaid principal balance.
             
The weighted averages above are indicative of the range for discount rate, cost of service and default rate. The renewal rate had a range of 35.44% to 50.91% during the three months ended September 30, 2015. The above unobservable inputs were consistent during the three months ended September 30, 2015 when servicing right assets were initially recognized.

Changes in certain of the unobservable inputs noted above may have a significant impact on the fair value of our servicing asset. The following table summarizes the effect adverse changes in estimate would have on the value of the servicing asset that we carry at fair value as of September 30, 2015 given a hypothetical changes in default rate and cost to service (in thousands):
 
Servicing Assets
Default rate assumption:
 
Default rate increase of 25%
(92
)
Default rate increase of 50%
(182
)
Cost to service assumption:
 
Cost to service increase by 25%
(53
)
Cost to service increase by 50%
(106
)
We had no servicing assets or liabilities as of December 31, 2014.
Warrant Liability
The following table presents the changes in the Level 3 instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 (in thousands):

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Three Months Ended September 30, 2014
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014
Warrant liability balance - beginning of period
 
$
13,272

 
$
4,446

Exercise of warrants
 
(10,770
)
 
(10,766
)
Change in fair value
 
300

 
9,122

Warrant liability balance - end of period
 
$
2,802

 
$
2,802


The warrant liability is classified within Level 3 due to the liability being valued using significant unobservable inputs. Fair value of these warrants is based on a valuation of our common stock. As the valuation of our common stock was determined prior to our initial public offering, we used a combination of the inputs including option pricing models, secondary transactions with third-party investors and an initial public offering scenario to determine the valuation of our common stock.

A hypothetical increase or decrease in assumed asset volatility of 10% in the option pricing model would result in an immaterial impact to the fair value of the warrants as of September 30, 2014. In the unaudited consolidated statements of operations, changes in fair value are included in warrant liability fair value adjustment.

Assets and Liabilities Disclosed at Fair Value
As loans are not measured at fair value, the following discussion relates to estimating the fair value disclosure under ASC Topic 825. The fair value of loans is estimated by discounting scheduled cash flows through the estimated maturity. The estimated market discount rates used for loans are our current offering rates for comparable loans with similar terms.
The carrying amounts of certain of our financial instruments, including loans and loans held for sale, approximate fair value due to their short-term nature and are considered Level 3. The carrying amount of our financing obligations, such as fixed-rate debt, approximates fair value, by considering the borrowing rates currently available to us for financing obligations with similar terms and credit risks.
10. Noncontrolling Interest
The following table summarizes changes in equity, including the equity attributable to noncontrolling interests, for the nine months ended September 30, 2015:

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015
 
 
On Deck Capital, Inc's
stockholders' equity
 
Noncontrolling interest
 
Total
Balance as of January 1, 2015
 
310,605

 

 
310,605

OnDeck Australia capitalization
 

 
6,870

 
6,870

Net income (loss)
 
3,370

 
(458
)
 
2,912

Stock based compensation
 
8,065

 

 
8,065

Exercise of options and warrants
 
2,422

 

 
2,422

Other
 
(183
)
 

 
(183
)
Cumulative translation adjustment
 
(669
)
 
(546
)
 
(1,215
)
Balance at September 30, 2015
 
323,610

 
5,866

 
329,476

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comprehensive loss:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss
 
3,370

 
(458
)
 
2,912

Other comprehensive income (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustment
 
(669
)
 
(546
)
 
(1,215
)
Comprehensive income (loss)
 
2,701

 
(1,004
)
 
1,697


11. Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation includes both stock options and RSUs.
The following table summarizes the assumptions used for estimating the fair value of stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2015:
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015
Risk-free interest rate
1.65 - 2.13%
Expected term (years)
5.51 - 6.04
Expected volatility
41.30 - 46.51%
Dividend yield
0%
Weighted-average grant date fair value per option
$5.70

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The following is a summary of option activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2015:
 
 
Number of
Options
 
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
 
 
 
 
 
(in years)
 
(in thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2015
10,371,472

 
$
4.59

 
 
 
 
Granted
1,611,617

 
$
13.84

 
 
 
 
Exercised
(676,446
)
 
$
1.06

 
 
 
 
Forfeited
(352,790
)
 
$
6.34

 
 
 
 
Expired
(25,302
)
 
$
4.49

 
 
 
 
Outstanding at September 30, 2015
10,928,551

 
$
6.10

 
8.06
 
$
52,548

Exercisable at September 30, 2015
4,602,723

 
$
2.43

 
7.18
 
$
34,974

Vested or expected to vest as of September 30, 2015
10,589,511

 
$
5.90

 
8.06
 
$
52,024

In addition, as of September 30, 2015 we had 1,155,008 RSUs outstanding.
Stock-based compensation expense was attributed to the following line items in our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Sales and marketing
$
1,012

 
$
167

 
$
2,180

 
$
325

Technology and analytics
778

 
142

 
1,719

 
290

Processing and servicing
227

 
65

 
530

 
126

General and administrative
1,690

 
435

 
3,636

 
706

Total
$
3,707

 
$
809

 
$
8,065

 
$
1,447

Total compensation cost related to nonvested awards not yet recognized as of September 30, 2015 was $22.9 million and will be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 3.04 years. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 was $1.8 million and $9.7 million, respectively.

12. Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments
In March 2015, we amended the lease of our New York City corporate headquarters to extend the lease and rent additional space. We will occupy the additional space incrementally, as it becomes available, at which time we will incur a proportionate amount of additional rent payments. The dates the additional space will be available are uncertain as they are dependent upon the departure of current occupants and the landlord’s ability to prepare the space.  Upon the completion of delivery of all additional space, our additional average monthly fixed rent payment will be approximately $0.4 million. The amended lease also provides for rent credits aggregating $3.6 million and a tenant improvement allowance not to exceed $5.8 million. The lease will terminate ten years and ten months after the delivery of certain portions of the additional space.
In April 2015, we provided notice of termination to the landlord of our current office space in Denver, Colorado resulting in a termination fee of $0.4 million which is included in general and administrative expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The lease is scheduled to expire in January 2016.  
In June 2015, we entered into a sublease in Denver, Colorado (the "New Denver Lease") as the subtenant. The New Denver Lease is for approximately 72,000 square feet with an average monthly fixed rent payment of approximately $144,000. The New

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Denver Lease also provides for a tenant improvement allowance not to exceed $2.6 million. The lease has a term of 124 months after the commencement date.

Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and loans. We hold cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in accounts at regulated domestic financial institutions in amounts that may exceed FDIC insured amounts and at non-U.S. financial institutions where deposited amounts may be uninsured. We believe these institutions to be of acceptable credit quality and we have not experienced any related losses to date.
We are exposed to default risk on loans we originate and hold and that we purchase from our issuing bank partner. We perform an evaluation of each customer's financial condition and during the term of the customer's loan(s), we have the contractual right to limit a customer's ability to take working capital loans or other financing from other lenders that may cause a material adverse change in the financial condition of the customer. There is no single customer or group of customers that comprise a significant portion of our loan portfolio.
Contingencies
Two separate putative class actions were filed in August 2015 in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against us, certain of our executive officers, our directors and certain or all of the underwriters of our initial public offering, or IPO.  The suits allege that the registration statement for our IPO contained materially false and misleading statements regarding, or failed to disclose, specified information in violation of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.   The suits seek a determination that the case is a proper class action and/or certification of the plaintiff as a class representative, rescission or a rescissory measure of damages and/or unspecified damages, interest, attorneys’ fees and other fees and costs.The deadline for seeking lead plaintiff status was October 5, 2015.  The court has not ruled on the pending motion for consolidation of the two suits into a single case, the appointment of a lead plaintiff and approval of plaintiff’s counsel. The Company intends to defend itself vigorously in these matters, although at this time we cannot predict the outcome.  
 From time to time we are subject to other legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. The results of such matters cannot be predicted with certainty. However, we believe that the final outcome of any such current matters will not result in a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, consolidated results of operations or consolidated cash flows.


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Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other financial information included elsewhere in this report and in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. You should review the “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” below for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other legal authority. These forward-looking statements concern our operations, economic performance, financial condition, goals, beliefs, future growth strategies, objectives, plans and current expectations.
Forward-looking statements appear throughout this report including in this Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Forward-looking statements can generally be identified by words such as “will,” “enables,” “expects,” “allows,” “continues,” “believes,” “anticipates,” “estimates” or similar expressions.
Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. They are based only on our current beliefs, expectations and assumptions regarding the future of our business, anticipated events and trends, the economy and other future conditions. As such, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict and in many cases outside our control. Therefore, you should not rely on any of these forward-looking statements. Our expected results may not be achieved, and actual results may differ materially from our expectations.
Important factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include risks relating to: our ability to attract potential customers to our platform; the degree to which potential customers apply for loans, are approved and borrow from us; anticipated trends, growth rates, sources of growth and challenges in our business and in the markets in which we operate; the ability of our customers to repay loans and our ability to accurately assess creditworthiness; our ability to adequately reserve for loan losses; the continuing impact of our implementation of certain additional compliance measures related to our funding advisor channel; changes in our product distribution channel mix or our funding mix; our ability to anticipate market needs and develop new and enhanced offerings to meet those needs; interest rates and origination fees on loans; maintaining and expanding our customer base; the impact of competition in our industry and innovation by our competitors; our anticipated growth and growth strategies, including the possible introduction of new products and possible expansion in existing or new international markets, and our ability to effectively manage that growth and our expenses; our reputation and possible adverse publicity about us or our industry; the availability, cost and sources of our funding; our failure to anticipate or adapt to future changes in our industry; our ability to hire and retain necessary qualified employees; the lack of customer acceptance or failure of our products; our reliance on our third-party service providers; the evolution of technology affecting our offerings and our markets; our compliance with applicable local, state, federal and applicable non-U.S laws, rules and regulations and their application and interpretation, whether existing, modified or new; our ability to adequately protect our intellectual property; the effect of litigation or other disputes to which we are or may be a party; the increased expenses and administrative workload associated with being a public company; failure to maintain an effective system of internal controls necessary to accurately report our financial results and prevent fraud; our liquidity and working capital requirements; the estimates and estimate methodologies used in preparing our condensed consolidated financial statements; the future trading prices of our common stock, the impact of securities analysts’ reports and shares eligible for future sale on these prices; our ability to prevent or discover security breaks, disruption in service and comparable events that could compromise the personal and confidential information held in our data systems, reduce the attractiveness of our platform or adversely impact our ability to service our loans; and other risks, including those described elsewhere in this report and under the heading "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 and in other documents that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, from time to time which are available on the SEC website at www.sec.gov.
Except as required by law, we undertake no duty to update any forward-looking statements. Readers are also urged to carefully review and consider all of the information in this report, as well as the other documents we make available through the SEC’s website.
 
 
 
 
 
When we use the terms “OnDeck,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” in this report, we are referring to On Deck Capital, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries unless the context requires otherwise.

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OnDeck, the OnDeck logo, OnDeck Score, OnDeck Marketplace and other trademarks or service marks of OnDeck appearing in this report are the property of OnDeck. Trade names, trademarks and service marks of other companies appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. We have generally omitted the ®, ™ and other designations, as applicable, in this report.
Overview
We are a leading platform for small business lending. We are seeking to transform small business lending by making it efficient and convenient for small businesses to access capital. Enabled by our proprietary technology and analytics, we aggregate and analyze thousands of data points from dynamic, disparate data sources to assess the creditworthiness of small businesses rapidly and accurately. Small businesses can apply for a term loan or line of credit on our website in minutes and, using our proprietary OnDeck Score®, we can make a funding decision immediately and transfer funds as fast as the same day. Since 2007, we have originated more than $3 billion in loans. Our loan originations increased at a compound annual growth rate of 159% from 2012 to 2014 and had year-over-year growth rates of 54% and 67% for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively. We originated $482.7 million in loans in the third quarter of 2015.
We generate the majority of our revenue through interest income and fees earned on our term loans and lines of credit. Our term loans are obligations of small businesses with fixed dollar repayments, in principal amounts ranging from $5,000 to $500,000 and with maturities of 3 to 36 months while our line of credit product ranges from $5,000 to $100,000, repayable within six months of the date of the latest funds draw. We earn interest on the balance outstanding and charge a monthly fee as long as the line of credit is available. We also generate revenue by selling some of our term loans to third-party institutional investors through OnDeck Marketplace®. In September 2015, in response to the unmet demand of larger, higher credit quality businesses, we began offering term loans up to $500,000 with terms as long as 36 months as compared to our previous limits of $250,000 and 24 months and we also increased the maximum size of our line of credit product from $25,000 to $100,000.
The balance of our revenue comes from our loan servicing and other fee income, which primarily consists of fees we receive for servicing loans we have sold to third-party institutional investors and marketing fees from our issuing bank partner.
We rely on a diversified set of funding sources for the capital we use in our lending activities, consisting of debt facilities, loan sales to investors through OnDeck Marketplace and securitization. As of September 30, 2015, we had $176.2 million outstanding and $491.7 million total borrowing capacity under our debt facilities (excluding our securitization described below), subject to borrowing conditions. We have sold approximately $579.8 million of loans to OnDeck Marketplace investors from October 2013 through September 30, 2015 including $415.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Amounts of loans sold through Marketplace refer to carrying value which is unpaid principal balance plus net deferred origination costs, unless otherwise indicated. In addition, we completed our first securitization transaction in May 2014, pursuant to which we issued debt that is secured by a revolving pool of OnDeck small business loans. We raised approximately $175 million from this securitization transaction. We completed our initial public offering, or IPO, in December 2014 from which we raised $210.0 million, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. We have also used proceeds from our preferred stock financings, IPO and operating cash flow to fund loans in the past and continue to finance a portion of our outstanding loans with these funds.
We originate loans through direct marketing, including direct mail, social media, and other online marketing channels. We also originate loans through referrals from our strategic partners, including banks, payment processors and small business-focused service providers, and through funding advisors who advise small businesses on available funding options.

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Key Financial and Operating Metrics
We regularly monitor a number of metrics in order to measure our current performance and project our future performance. These metrics aid us in developing and refining our growth strategies and making strategic decisions.
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(dollars in thousands)
Originations
$
482,653

 
$
312,889

 
$
1,317,672

 
$
788,306

Unpaid Principal Balance
$
504,314

 
$
422,050

 
$
504,314

 
$
422,050

Average Loans
$
513,156

 
$
391,034

 
$
521,710

 
$
323,539

Loans Under Management
$
781,357

 
$
466,350

 
$
781,357

 
$
466,350

Effective Interest Yield
37.9
%
 
41.6
%
 
37.7
%
 
41.2
%
Marketplace Gain on Sale Rate
9.7
%
 
7.4
%
 
8.5
%
 
5.8
%
Average Funding Debt Outstanding
$
359,784

 
$
304,758

 
$
376,471

 
$
252,152

Cost of Funds Rate
5.7
%
 
5.4
%
 
5.3
%
 
6.6
%
Provision Rate
5.1
%
 
6.0
%
 
6.1
%
 
6.6
%
Reserve Ratio
10.4
%
 
9.4
%
 
10.4
%
 
9.4
%
15+ Day Delinquency Ratio
7.5
%
 
5.4
%
 
7.5
%
 
5.4
%
Adjusted EBITDA
$
8,962

 
$
2,611

 
$
15,848

 
$
(726
)
Adjusted Net Income (Loss)
$
7,440

 
$
1,463

 
$
11,435

 
$
(3,848
)
Originations
Originations represent the total principal amount of the term loans we made during the period, plus the total amount drawn on lines of credit during the period. Many of our repeat customers renew their loans before their existing loan is fully repaid. In accordance with industry practice, originations of such repeat loans are presented as the full renewal loan principal, rather than the net funded amount, which would be the renewal loan’s principal net of the unpaid principal balance on the existing loan. Loans referred to, and funded by, our issuing bank partner and later purchased by us are included as part of our originations.
The number of weekends and holidays in a period can impact our business. Many small businesses tend to apply for loans on weekdays, and their businesses may be closed at least part of a weekend and on holidays. In addition, our loan fundings and automated customer loan repayments only occur on weekdays (excluding bank holidays).
Unpaid Principal Balance
Unpaid Principal Balance represents the total amount of principal outstanding for term loans held for investment and amounts outstanding under lines of credit at the end of the period. It excludes net deferred origination costs, allowance for loan losses and any loans sold or held for sale at the end of the period.
Average Loans
Average Loans for the period is the simple average of total loans as of the beginning of the period and as of the end of each quarter in the period. Total loans represents the Unpaid Principal Balance, plus net deferred origination costs.
Loans Under Management
Loans Under Management represents the Unpaid Principal Balance plus the amount of principal outstanding for loans held for sale, excluding net deferred origination costs, plus the amount of principal outstanding of term loans we serviced for others at the end of the period.
Effective Interest Yield

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Effective Interest Yield is the rate of return we achieve on loans outstanding during a period, which is our annualized interest income divided by Average Loans.
Net deferred origination costs in total loans consist of deferred origination fees and costs. Deferred origination fees include fees paid up front to us by customers when loans are funded and decrease the carrying value of loans, thereby increasing the Effective Interest Yield. Deferred origination costs are limited to costs directly attributable to originating loans such as commissions, vendor costs and personnel costs directly related to the time spent by the personnel performing activities related to loan origination and increase the carrying value of loans, thereby decreasing the Effective Interest Yield.
Recent pricing trends are discussed under the subheading "Key Factors Affecting Our Performance - Pricing."
Marketplace Gain on Sale Rate
Marketplace Gain on Sale Rate equals our gain on sale revenue from loans sold through OnDeck Marketplace divided by the carrying value of loans sold, which includes both unpaid principal balance sold and the remaining carrying value of the net deferred origination costs. A portion of loans regularly sold through Marketplace are or may be loans which were initially designated as held for investment upon origination. The portion of such loans sold in a given period may vary materially dependent upon market conditions and other circumstances.
Average Funding Debt Outstanding
Funding debt outstanding is the debt that we incur to support our lending activities and does not include our corporate debt. Average Funding Debt Outstanding for the period is the simple average of the funding debt outstanding as of the beginning of the period and as of the end of each quarter in the period.
Cost of Funds Rate
Cost of Funds Rate is our funding cost, which is the interest expense, fees, and amortization of deferred issuance costs we incur in connection with our lending activities across all of our debt facilities, divided by the Average Funding Debt Outstanding, then annualized.
Provision Rate
Provision Rate equals the provision for loan losses divided by the difference between total originations and marketplace originations. See " - Key Factors Affecting Our Performance - Pricing." Because we reserve for probable credit losses inherent in the portfolio upon origination, this rate is significantly impacted by the expectation of credit losses for the period’s originations volume. This rate may also be impacted by changes in loss expectations for loans originated prior to the commencement of the period. A portion of loans regularly sold through Marketplace are or may be loans which were initially designated as held for investment upon origination. The portion of such loans sold in a given period may vary materially dependent upon market conditions and other circumstances.
Reserve Ratio
Reserve Ratio is our allowance for loan losses as of the end of the period divided by the Unpaid Principal Balance as of the end of the period.
15+ Day Delinquency Ratio
15+ Day Delinquency Ratio equals the aggregate Unpaid Principal Balance for our loans that are 15 or more calendar days past due as of the end of the period as a percentage of the Unpaid Principal Balance for such period. The Unpaid Principal Balance for our loans that are 15 or more calendar days past due includes loans that are paying and non-paying. The majority of our loans require daily repayments, excluding weekends and holidays, and therefore may be deemed delinquent more quickly than loans from traditional lenders that require only monthly repayments.
15+ Day Delinquency Ratio is not annualized, but reflects balances as of the end of the period.
The 15+ Day Delinquency Ratio is impacted by the degree of seasoning in the portfolio, given loans are more likely to experience delinquency as they age. The average loan age weighted by unpaid principal balance is shown in the table below. Because we are retaining a smaller percentage of new loans on our balance sheet as we have increased sales through OnDeck

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Marketplace, our average loan age has increased. As a result, the 15+ Day Delinquency Ratio has increased since the October 2013 launch of Marketplace, though we saw some improvement subsequent to the first quarter of 2015 which was achieved in part through improved collections efforts. The second quarter and third quarter 2015 improvements of the 15+ Day Delinquency Ratio over the first quarter were achieved despite the aggregate Marketplace sales in those quarters of $321.0 million of loans, which shifted the mix of current to delinquent loans on our books.
 
Q3 2015
Q2 2015
Q1 2015
Q4 2014
Q3 2014
Q2 2014
Q1 2014
Q4 2013
Q3 2013
Q2 2013
Q1 2013
15+ Day Delinquency Ratio
7.5%
8.0%
8.4%
7.3%
5.4%
6.1%
7.2%
7.6%
6.9%
6.9%
7.8%
Average Loan Age Weighted by Unpaid Principal Balance (months)
3.6
3.7
3.6
3.4
3.1
3.1
3.0
3.1
3.0
3.0
3.0
    Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We believe that the provision of non-GAAP metrics in this report can provide a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our core business and useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results. However, non-GAAP metrics are not a measure calculated in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, and should not be considered an alternative to any measures of financial performance calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Other companies may calculate these non-GAAP metrics differently than we do.
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA represents our net income (loss), adjusted to exclude interest expense associated with debt used for corporate purposes (rather than funding costs associated with lending activities), income tax expense, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense and warrant liability fair value adjustments. Stock-based compensation includes employee compensation as well as compensation to third party service providers.
EBITDA is impacted by changes from period to period in the liability related to both common and preferred stock warrants which require fair value accounting. Management believes that adjusting EBITDA to eliminate the impact of the changes in fair value of these warrants is useful to analyze the operating performance of the business, unaffected by changes in the fair value of stock warrants which are not relevant to the ongoing operations of the business. All such preferred stock warrants converted to common stock warrants upon our initial public offering in December 2014.
Our use of Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are:
 
although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect cash capital expenditure requirements for such replacements or for new capital expenditure requirements;
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the potentially dilutive impact of stock-based compensation;
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect interest associated with debt used for corporate purposes or tax payments that may represent a reduction in cash available to us; and
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the potential costs we would incur if certain of our warrants were settled in cash.
The following table reconciles net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA for each of the periods presented:
 

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Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in thousands)
Adjusted EBITDA
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$
3,507

 
$
354

 
$
2,912

 
$
(14,417
)
Interest expense
70

 
55

 
250

 
274

Income tax expense

 

 

 

Depreciation and amortization
1,678

 
1,093

 
4,621

 
2,848

Stock-based compensation
3,707

 
809

 
8,065

 
1,447

Warrant liability fair value adjustment

 
300

 

 
9,122

Adjusted EBITDA
$
8,962

 
$
2,611

 
$
15,848

 
$
(726
)
Adjusted Net Income (Loss)
Adjusted Net Income (Loss) represents our net income (loss) adjusted to exclude net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest, stock-based compensation expense and warrant liability fair value adjustment, each on the same basis and with the same limitations as described above for Adjusted EBITDA.
The following table reconciles net income (loss) to Adjusted Net Income (Loss) for each of the periods indicated:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in thousands)
Adjusted Net Loss
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$
3,507

 
$
354

 
$
2,912

 
$
(14,417
)
Adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
226

 

 
458

 

Stock-based compensation
3,707

 
809

 
8,065

 
1,447

Warrant liability fair value adjustment

 
300

 

 
9,122

Adjusted Net Income (Loss)
$
7,440

 
$
1,463

 
$
11,435

 
$
(3,848
)
Key Factors Affecting Our Performance
Investment in Long-Term Growth
In order to achieve long-term growth, we make significant investments in acquiring new customers, broadening our distribution capabilities through strategic partners, enhancing our data and analytics capabilities, extending customer lifetime value and expanding internationally. Among other investments, we have expanded our product offering to include term loan products with terms up to 36 months and principal amounts up to $500,000 and have expanded to Australia. We plan to continue to invest significant resources to accomplish these goals, and we anticipate that our operating expense will continue to increase for the foreseeable future, particularly our sales and marketing and technology and analytics expenses. These investments are intended to contribute to our long-term growth, but they may affect our near-term financial performance.
Originations
Our 2015 originations of $416.0 million, $419.0 million and $482.7 million in the first, second and third quarters, respectively, have increased relative to the corresponding prior year periods by 83.0%, 68.9% and 54.3%. The third quarter 2015 total originations growth rate over the second quarter 2015 was 15.2%. Factors that affected originations in the third quarter included:
(i) Our improved marketing execution which increased response rates and origination activity following the correction of the second quarter marketing inefficiencies. During the second quarter, our direct channel experienced lower than expected loan originations from our direct marketing campaigns due to inefficiencies in some of our targeted marketing efforts as well as intensified

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competitive marketing activity. During the third quarter, originations in the direct channel benefited from the increased effectiveness of the marketing campaign as we were able to reach the proper target market.
(ii) The continued increase in both the number of units and average term loan size as well as continued growth in our line of credit product.
We originate term loans and lines of credit to customers who are new to OnDeck, as well as to repeat customers. Our ability to increase adoption of our products within our existing customer base will be important to our future growth. We believe our significant number of repeat customers is primarily due to our high levels of customer service and continued improvement in products and services. Repeat customers generally comprise our highest quality loans, given that many repeat customers require additional financing for growth or expansion. From our 2013 customer cohort, customers who took at least three loans grew their revenue and bank balance on average by 27% and 47%, respectively, from their initial loan to their third loan. On average, their OnDeck Score increased by 24 points, enabling us to grow their average loan amount by 108% while decreasing their annual percentage rate, or APR, by 21.1 percentage points. In order for a current customer to qualify for a new term loan while a term loan payment obligation remains outstanding, the customer must pass the following standards:
 
the business must be approximately 50% paid down on its existing loan;
the business must be current on its outstanding OnDeck loan with no material delinquency history; and
the business must be fully re-underwritten and determined to be of acceptable credit quality.
The extent to which we generate repeat business from our customers will be an important factor in our continued revenue growth and our visibility into future revenue. In conjunction with repeat borrowing activity, our customers have tended to increase their subsequent loan size compared to their initial loan size.
Pricing
Customer pricing is determined primarily based on the customer’s OnDeck Score, the loan term, the customer type (new or repeat) and origination channel. Loans originated through the direct and strategic partner channels are generally priced lower than loans originated through the funding advisor channel due to the higher commissions paid to funding advisors.

Our customers generally pay between $0.003 to $0.04 per month in interest for every dollar they borrow under one of our term loans, with the actual amount typically driven by the length of term of the particular loan. In general, term loans are primarily quoted in “Cents on Dollar,” or COD, and lines of credit are quoted with an interest rate. Given the use case and payback period associated with our shorter term products, we believe many of our customers prefer to understand pricing on a “dollars in, dollars out” basis and are primarily focused on total payback cost.

We believe that our product pricing has historically fallen between traditional bank loans to small businesses and certain non-bank small business financing alternatives such as merchant cash advances. The weighted average pricing on our originations has declined over time as measured by both average “Cents on Dollar” borrowed per month and APR as shown in the table below.

 
Q3 2015
Q2 2015
Q1 2015
Q4 2014
Q3 2014
Q2 2014
Q1 2014
Q4 2013
Q3 2013
Q2 2013
Q1 2013
Weighted Average Term Loan "Cents on Dollar" Borrowed, per Month
1.86¢
2.04¢
2.15¢
2.23¢
2.24¢
2.38¢
2.53¢
2.60¢
2.62¢
2.71¢
2.73¢
Weighted Average APR - Term Loans and Lines of Credit
42.7%
46.5%
49.3%
51.2%
52.8%
56.7%
59.9%
61.8%
62.9%
65.0%
65.9%

The weighted average APR for term loans and lines of credit declined from 63.4% for the year ended December 31, 2013 to 54.4% for the year ended December 31, 2014, and further declined to 42.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2015. We attribute this pricing shift from 2013 to longer average loan term lengths, increased originations from our lower cost direct and strategic partner channels as a percentage of total originations, the growth of our line of credit product, which is priced at a lower APR level than our term loans, and our continued efforts to pass savings on to customers through rate reductions and successively lower origination fees for repeat customers. During the second quarter of 2015, we introduced our customer loyalty program, under which we reduce interest rates for repeat customers, who historically have exhibited stronger credit characteristics than new customers, demonstrated successful loan history by paying down previous loans, and generated stronger unit economics in part due to the lower CAC of a repeat customer. This aligns with our goal of building long-term partnerships with our customers. We anticipate that the full impact of this newly introduced loyalty program will take several quarters to manifest itself, as the

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program has only been in existence for two quarters whereas the average term length of a term loan is approximately 12 months. Accordingly, we expect this loyalty program to continue to reduce pricing for several additional quarters. We believe that the lifetime value of a customer is increased through our loyalty program and that such increase offsets the impact of loyalty program's lower pricing.
 
“Cents on Dollar” borrowed reflects the total interest to be paid by a customer to us for each dollar of principal borrowed, and does not include the loan origination fee. As of September 30, 2015 the APRs of our term loans outstanding ranged from 8.9% to 98.4% and the APRs of our lines of credit outstanding ranged from 13% to 50%. Because many of our loans are short term in nature and APR is calculated on an annualized basis, we believe that small business customers tend to evaluate term loans, especially those of a year or less, primarily on a “Cents on Dollar” borrowed basis rather than APR.  While annualized rates like APR may help a borrower compare loans that have a term greater than 12 months, for loans of 12 months or less, an annualized rate may be is less useful because it is sensitive to duration and therefore works best for comparing loans of identical durations.  We believe that for such short-term loans, Cents on Dollar, or similar measures that provide total interest expense, give a borrower important information to compare loans and make an educated decision.  Despite these limitations, we are providing APRs for prior periods as supplemental information for comparative purposes.  Historically, we have not used APR as an internal metric to evaluate performance of our business or as a basis to compensate our employees or to measure their performance. The interest on commercial business loans is also tax deductible as permitted by law compared to typical personal loans which do not provide a tax deduction. APR does not give effect to the small business customer’s possible tax deductions and cash savings associated with business related interest expenses.
We consider Effective Interest Yield, or EIY, as a key pricing metric. EIY is the rate of return we achieve on loans outstanding during a period, which is our annualized interest income divided by Average Loans. Our EIY differs from APR in that it takes into account deferred origination fees and deferred origination costs. Deferred origination fees include fees paid up front to us by customers when loans are funded and decrease the carrying value of loans, thereby increasing the EIY. Deferred origination costs are limited to costs directly attributable to originating loans such as commissions, vendor costs and personnel costs directly related to the time spent by the personnel performing activities related to loan origination and increase the carrying value of loans, thereby decreasing the Effective Interest Yield.
In addition to individual loan pricing and the number of days in a period, there are many other factors that can affect EIY, including:

Channel Mix - In general, loans originated from the direct and strategic partner channels have lower EIYs than loans from the funding advisor channel primarily due to their lower rates, lower acquisition costs and lower loss rates.  The direct and strategic partner channels have, in the aggregate, increased from 47.5% to 60.6% to 75.5% of total originations in the third quarters of 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. We expect the direct and strategic partner channels to continue to grow as a percentage of the overall channel mix as we continue to focus on growing these historically higher-quality originations.

Term Mix - In general, term loans with longer durations have lower annualized interest rates.  Despite lower EIYs, total revenues from customers with longer loan durations are typically higher than the revenue of customers with shorter-term, higher EIY loans because total payback is typically higher compared to a shorter length term for the same principal loan amount.  Since the introduction of our 24-month and 36-month term loan products, the average length of new term loan originations has increased from 9.8 to 11.5 to 12.3 months in the third quarters of 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

Customer Type Mix - In general, loans originated from repeat customers have lower EIYs than loans from new customers.  This is primarily due to the fact that repeat customers typically have a higher OnDeck Score and are deemed to be lower risk.  In addition, repeat customers are more likely to be approved for longer terms than new customers given their established payment history and lower risk profiles. Finally, origination fees are generally reduced or waived and interest rates are lower for repeat customers due to our loyalty pricing, contributing to lower EIYs.  Originations from repeat customers increased in the third quarter of 2015 compared to the third quarter of 2014 and in both periods was greater than 50% but less than 60%.

Product Mix - In general, loans originated from line of credit customers have lower EIYs than loans from term loan customers.  This is primarily due to the fact that lines of credit are expected to have longer lifetime usage than term loans, enabling more time to recoup upfront acquisition costs.  In the third quarter of 2015, the average line of credit APR was 35.5%, compared to the average term loan APR which was 43.1%.  Further, draws from line of credit customers have increased from 0% to 5.0% to 9.2% of total originations in the third quarters of 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. As we expand the availability and market awareness of our 24-month and 36-month term loan products, we expect the product mix to result in a further reduction of EIY although it is not possible to estimate the impact since such impact is dependent upon the ultimate volume achieved by those new products which cannot yet be determined.

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Marketplace Loan Sales - Since its inception in October 2013 through the first quarter of 2015, Marketplace sales had a negligible effect on EIY due to the fact that loans were typically sold within several days of origination resulting in immaterial increases to interest income. In the second quarter of 2015, EIY was impacted by Marketplace loan sales, in particular because we sold seasoned loans in addition to newly originated loans we typically sell through Marketplace. Sales of seasoned loans resulted in a higher EIY for the quarter because we earned interest income on those loans for a longer period during the quarter than loans typically sold through Marketplace (increasing the numerator of the EIY formula by approximately $2.0 million), and removed the loans from our balance sheet, reducing Average Loans (decreasing the denominator of the EIY formula). Our EIY was also positively impacted by Marketplace loan sales in the third quarter of 2015. We earn interest income during the period we hold loans prior to sale. During the third quarter, we held those loans for a longer period of time than loans typically sold through Marketplace (increasing the numerator by approximately $3.5 million). During the third quarter of 2015, we sold $173.7 million of loans through OnDeck Marketplace representing an 18% increase over the second quarter of 2015.
Marketplace originations are defined as loans that, at origination or upon renewal, are designated to be sold. Our Marketplace originations come from one of the following two origination sources:
New loans which are designated at origination to be sold, referred to as "Originations of loans held for sale;" and
Loans which were originally designated as held for investment that are subsequently designated to be sold at the time of their renewal and which are considered modified loans, referred to as "Originations of loans held for investment, modified;"
The following table summarizes the initial principal of originations of the aforementioned two sources as it relates to the statement of cash flows during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014:
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Originations of loans held for sale
128,820

 
23,323

 
314,134

 
77,000

Originations of loans held for investment, modified
38,371

 

 
72,134

 

     Marketplace originations
167,191

 
23,323

 
386,268

1 
77,000

  __________________
1 The nine months ended September 30, 2015 excludes the sale of $25,591 of loans held for investment, which were not initially designated for sale at origination or upon renewal.

Although Marketplace loan sales had a positive impact on EIY, the pricing reductions which resulted from the numerous items discussed above generated an offsetting impact, rendering EIY comparable from the second quarter to the third quarter.

Since 2013, as part of our continuing initiative to reduce pricing while controlling risk, our EIY has generally declined quarter over quarter. Our EIY for both the second and third quarters of 2014 was 41.2%. For the first quarter of 2015, our EIY declined to 36.7%, increased to 37.6% in the second quarter and further increased to 37.9% by the third quarter of 2015. This increase in EIY was attributable to additional business days in each successive quarter of 2015 relative to the first quarter and because a portion of loans sold through Marketplace in the second quarter of 2015 were seasoned loans originated prior to the second quarter. Excluding the impact of additional business days and the sale of seasoned loans, EIY would have declined in the second quarter of 2015 compared to the first quarter and further declined in the third quarter.

We expect our pricing to continue to gradually decline as our originations continue to shift towards our direct and strategic partner channels and repeat customers take advantage of our loyalty pricing.
Customer Acquisition Costs
Our customer acquisition costs, or CACs, reflect the efficiency of our direct marketing costs in attracting new customers. Our CACs differ depending upon the acquisition channel. CACs in our direct channel include the commissions paid to our internal sales force and expenses associated with direct mail, social media and other online marketing activities. CACs in our strategic partner channel include commissions paid to our internal sales force and strategic partners. CACs in our funding advisor channel include commissions paid to our internal sales force and funding advisors. Our CACs in our strategic partner and funding advisor channels trended lower sequentially as a percentage of originations from the respective channels, as a result of lower commissions

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as a percentage of their respective originations. Additionally, while re-certification impacted originations growth in the funding advisor channel, it had a positive impact on acquisition costs as we are now focused on working with only our highest quality funding advisors, leading to lower CACs sequentially in this channel for the third quarter.
Customer Lifetime Value
The ongoing lifetime value of our customers will be an important component of our future performance. We analyze customer lifetime value not only by tracking the “contribution” of customers over their lifetime with us, but also by comparing this contribution to the CAC incurred in connection with originating such customers’ initial loans. We define the contribution to include the interest income and fees collected on a cohort of customers’ initial and repeat loans less acquisition costs for their repeat loans, estimated third party processing and servicing expenses for their initial and repeat loans, estimated funding costs (excluding any cost of equity capital) for their initial and repeat loans, and charge-offs of their initial and repeat loans. Comparing the customer lifetime value for cohorts from 2013-2014 against like quarters, we have observed later cohorts exhibit improved return on investment, or ROI, due to economies of scale and improved efficiencies in marketing, cost of funds and processing and servicing costs, as well as credit improvements which resulted in larger average loan sizes.

In the future, we may incur greater marketing expenses to acquire new customers, we may decide to offer term loans with lower interest rates, our charge-offs may increase and our customers’ repeat purchase behavior may change, any of which could adversely impact our customers’ lifetime values to us and our operating results.
Economic Conditions
Changes in the overall economy may impact our business in several ways, including demand for our products, credit performance, and funding costs.
 
Demand for Our Products. In a strong economic climate, demand for our products may increase as consumer spending increases and small businesses seek to expand. In addition, more potential customers may meet our underwriting requirements to qualify for a loan. At the same time, small businesses may experience improved cash flow and liquidity resulting in fewer potential customers requiring loans to manage their cash flows. In that climate, traditional lenders may also approve loans for a higher percentage of our potential customers. In a weakening economic climate or recession, the opposite may occur.
Credit Performance. In a strong economic climate, our customers may experience improved cash flow and liquidity, which may result in lower loan losses. In a weakening economic climate or recession, the opposite may occur. We factor economic conditions into our loan underwriting analysis and reserves for loan losses, but changes in economic conditions, particularly sudden changes, may affect our actual loan losses. These effects may be partially mitigated by the short-term nature and repayment structure of our loans, which should allow us to react more quickly than if the terms of our loans were longer.
Loan Losses. Our underwriting process is designed to limit our loan losses to levels compatible with our business strategy and financial model. Our aggregate loan loss rates from 2012 through 2014 have been consistent with our financial targets. Our overall loan losses are affected by a variety of factors, including external factors such as prevailing economic conditions, seasonality, general small business sentiment and unusual events such as natural disasters and adverse weather, as well as internal factors such as the accuracy of the OnDeck Score, the effectiveness of our underwriting process and the introduction of new products with which we have less experience to draw upon when forecasting their loss rates. Our loan loss rates may vary in the future.

Funding Costs. Changes in macroeconomic conditions may affect generally prevailing interest rates, and such effects may be amplified or reduced by other factors such as fiscal and monetary policies, economic conditions in other markets and other factors. Interest rates may also change for reasons unrelated to economic conditions. To the extent that interest rates rise, our funding costs will increase and the spread between our Effective Interest Yield and our Cost of Funds Rate may narrow to the extent we cannot correspondingly increase the payback rates we charge our customers. As we have grown, we have generally been able to lower our Cost of Funds Rate by negotiating more favorable interest rates on our debt and accessing new sources of funding, such as OnDeck Marketplace and the securitization markets. While we will continue to seek to lower our Cost of Funds Rate, an increase in interest rates or access to financing facilities that offer us greater flexibility could result in an increase of our cost of funds. Our Cost of Funds Rate increased from 5.0% in the second quarter to 5.7% in the third quarter of 2015. The majority of the increase was due to the amortization of additional debt financing costs related to our new debt facilities and certain unused commitment fees. The increase also reflected growth in our partner synthetic participation program. Should our cost of funds decrease in the future, we do not expect that our Cost of Funds Rate will decline as significantly as it did between 2012 and 2014.

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Historical Charge-Offs
We illustrate below our historical loan losses by providing information regarding our net lifetime charge-off ratios by cohort. Net lifetime charge-offs are the unpaid principal balance charged off less recoveries of loans previously charged off, and a given cohort’s net lifetime charge-off ratio equals the cohort’s net lifetime charge-offs through September 30, 2015 divided by the cohort’s total original loan volume. Repeat loans in both the numerator and denominator include the full renewal loan principal, rather than the net funded amount, which is the renewal loan’s principal net of the unpaid principal balance on the existing loan. Loans are typically charged off after 90 days of nonpayment. Loans originated and charged off between January 1, 2012 and September 30, 2015 were on average charged off near the end of their loan term. The chart immediately below includes all term loan originations, regardless of funding source, including loans sold through OnDeck Marketplace or held for sale on our balance sheet.

Net Charge-off Ratios by Cohort Through September 30, 2015



Principal Outstanding as of September 30, 2015
0.0%
0.2%
5.1%
27.3%
55.1%
87.2%

The following chart displays the historical lifetime cumulative net charge-off ratios by origination year. The chart reflects all term loan originations, regardless of funding source, including loans sold through OnDeck Marketplace or held for sale on our balance sheet. The data is shown as a static pool for annual cohorts, illustrating how the cohort has performed given equivalent months of seasoning.
Given our loans are typically charged off after 90 days of nonpayment, all cohorts reflect approximately 0% for the first three months in the chart below.

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Net Cumulative Lifetime Charge-off Ratios
All Loans

  


Originations
2012
 
2013
 
2014
 
Q1 2015
 
Q2 2015
 
Q3 2015
All term loans (in thousands)
$173,246
 
$455,931
 
$1,100,957
 
$384,703
 
$381,490
 
$438,017
Weighted average term (months)
9.2
 
10.0
 
11.2
 
11.9
 
11.9
 
12.3
Components of Our Results of Operations
Revenue
Interest Income. We generate revenue primarily through interest and origination fees earned on the term loans we originate and hold to maturity, and to a lesser extent, interest earned on lines of credit. Our interest and origination fee revenue is amortized over the term of the loan using the effective interest method. Origination fees collected but not yet recognized as revenue are netted with direct origination costs and recorded as a component of loans on our condensed consolidated balance sheets and recognized over the term of the loan. Direct origination costs include costs directly attributable to originating a loan, including commissions, vendor costs and personnel costs directly related to the time spent by those individuals performing activities related to loan origination.
Gain on Sales of Loans. In October 2013, we began selling term loans to third-party institutional investors through OnDeck Marketplace. We record a gain or loss on the sale of a loan at the sale date in an amount equal to the proceeds received, adjusted

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for initial recognition of servicing assets or liabilities obtained at the date of sale, less outstanding principal and net deferred origination costs.

  
Other Revenue. Our other revenue includes servicing revenue related to loans previously sold, fair value adjustments to servicing rights, marketing fees earned from our issuing bank partner, which are recognized as the related services are provided, and monthly fees charged to customers for our line of credit products.
Cost of Revenue
Provision for Loan Losses. Provision for loan losses consists of amounts charged to income during the period to maintain an allowance for loan losses, or ALLL, estimated to be adequate to provide for probable credit losses inherent in our existing loan portfolio. Our ALLL represents our estimate of the expected credit losses inherent in our portfolio of term loans and lines of credit and is based on a variety of factors, including the composition and quality of the portfolio, loan specific information gathered through our collection efforts, delinquency levels, our historical charge-off and loss experience and general economic conditions. We expect our aggregate provision for loan losses to increase in absolute dollars as the amount of term loans and lines of credit we originate and hold on our balance sheet increases.
Funding Costs. Funding costs consist of the interest expense we pay on the debt we incur to fund our lending activities, certain fees and the amortization of deferred debt issuance costs incurred in connection with obtaining this debt, such as banker fees, origination fees and legal fees. Such costs are expensed immediately upon early extinguishment of the related debt. We expect funding costs to continue to increase in absolute dollars in the near future as we incur additional debt to support future term loan and line of credit originations. In addition, funding costs as a percentage of gross revenue will fluctuate based on the applicable interest rates payable on the debt we incur to fund our lending activities and OnDeck Marketplace revenue mix. While we will continue to seek to lower our Cost of Funds Rate, an increase in interest rates or access to financing facilities that offer us greater flexibility could result in an increase of our cost of funds. Should our cost of funds decrease in the future, we do not expect that our Cost of Funds Rate will decline as significantly as it did between 2012 and 2014.
Operating Expense
Operating expense consists of sales and marketing, technology and analytics, processing and servicing, and general and administrative expenses. Salaries and personnel-related costs, including benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation expense, comprise a significant component of each of these expense categories. We expect our stock-based compensation expense to increase in the future. The number of employees related to these operating expense categories was 444 and 603 at December 31, 2014 and September 30, 2015, respectively. We expect to continue to hire new employees in order to support our growth strategy. All operating expense categories also include an allocation of overhead, such as rent and other overhead, which is based on employee headcount.
Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expense consists of salaries and personnel-related costs of our sales and marketing and business development employees, as well as direct marketing and advertising costs, online and offline customer acquisition costs (such as direct mail, paid search and search engine optimization costs), public relations, radio and television advertising, promotional event programs and sponsorships, corporate communications and allocated overhead. We expect our sales and marketing expense to increase in absolute dollars in the foreseeable future as we further increase the number of sales and marketing professionals and increase our marketing activities in order to continue to expand our direct customer acquisition efforts and build our brand. Future sales and marketing expense may include the expense associated with warrants issued to a strategic partner if performance conditions are met as described in Note 8 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.
Technology and Analytics. Technology and analytics expense consists primarily of the salaries and personnel-related costs of our engineering and product employees as well as our credit and analytics employees who develop our proprietary credit-scoring models. Additional expenses include third-party data acquisition expenses, professional services, consulting costs, expenses related to the development of new products and technologies and maintenance of existing technology assets, amortization of capitalized internal-use software costs related to our technology platform and allocated overhead. We believe continuing to invest in technology is essential to maintaining our competitive position, and we expect these costs to increase in the near term on an absolute basis and as a percentage of gross revenue.

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Processing and Servicing. Processing and servicing expense consists primarily of salaries and personnel-related costs of our credit analysis, underwriting, funding, fraud detection, customer service and collections employees. Additional expenses include vendor costs associated with third-party credit checks, lien filing fees and other costs to evaluate, close and fund loans and overhead costs. We anticipate that our processing and servicing expense will increase in absolute dollars as we grow originations.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expense consists primarily of salary and personnel-related costs for our executive, finance and accounting, legal and people operations employees. Additional expenses include a provision for the unfunded portion of our lines of credit, consulting and professional fees, insurance, legal, occupancy, travel, foreign exchange, and other corporate expenses. Subsequent to our initial public offering, these expenses also include costs associated with compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other regulations governing public companies, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance and increased accounting expenses. We anticipate that our general and administrative expense will increase in absolute dollars as we continue to grow and expand our operations but will decline as a percentage of gross revenue over the longer term.
Other (Expense) Income
Interest Expense. Interest expense consists of interest expense and amortization of deferred debt issuance costs incurred on debt associated with our corporate activities. It does not include interest expense incurred on debt associated with our lending activities.

Warrant Liability Fair Value Adjustment. We issued warrants to purchase shares of our Series E redeemable convertible preferred stock in connection with certain consulting and commercial agreements in 2014. As the warrant holders had the right to demand that their redeemable convertible preferred stock be settled in cash after the passage of time, we recorded the warrants as liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. The fair values of our redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liabilities are re-measured at the end of each reporting period and any changes in fair values are recognized in other (expense) income. During 2014, a majority of these warrants were exercised, eliminating the associated warrant liabilities. At the completion of our initial public offering in December 2014, the remaining outstanding warrants were converted into warrants to purchase common stock, which resulted in the reclassification of the warrant liability to additional paid-in-capital, and no further changes in fair value will be recognized in other (expense) income. Future warrant liability fair value adjustment may include adjustments associated with warrants issued to a strategic partner as described in Note 8 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.
Provision for Income Taxes
Provision for income taxes consists of U.S. federal, state and foreign income taxes, if any. To date, we have not been required to pay U.S. federal or state income taxes because of our current and accumulated net operating losses. As of December 31, 2014, we had $32.2 million of federal net operating loss carryforwards and $31.4 million of state net operating loss carryforwards available to reduce future taxable income, unless limited due to historical or future ownership changes. The federal net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire at various dates beginning in 2027.
The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, imposes substantial restrictions on the utilization of net operating losses and other tax attributes in the event of an “ownership change” of a corporation. Events which may cause limitation in the amount of the net operating losses and other tax attributes that are able to be utilized in any one year include, but are not limited to, a cumulative ownership change of more than 50% over a three-year period, which has occurred as a result of historical ownership changes. Accordingly, our ability to use pre-change net operating loss and certain other attributes are limited as prescribed under Sections 382 and 383 of the Code. Therefore, if we earn net taxable income in the future, our ability to reduce our federal income tax liability with our existing net operating losses is subject to limitation. Future offerings, as well as other future ownership changes that may be outside our control could potentially result in further limitations on our ability to utilize our net operating loss and tax attributes. Accordingly, achieving profitability may not result in a full release of the valuation allowance.
As of December 31, 2014, a full valuation allowance of $26.1 million was recorded against our net deferred tax assets.



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Results of Operations

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the periods presented and as a percentage of our total revenue for those periods. Interim results and the period-to-period comparison are not necessarily indicative of results for future periods.
Comparison of Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 and 2014
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Period-to-Period
 
2015
 
2014
 
Change
 
Amount
 
Percentage of
Gross
Revenue
 
Amount
 
Percentage of
Gross
Revenue
 
Amount
 
Percentage
 
(dollars in thousands)
Revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
$
48,624

 
72.1
 %
 
$
40,661

 
93.4
 %
 
$
7,963

 
19.6
 %
Gain on sales of loans
16,789

 
24.9

 
1,642

 
3.8

 
15,147

 
922.5

Other revenue
1,985

 
3.0

 
1,206

 
2.8

 
779

 
64.6

Gross revenue
67,398

 
100.0

 
43,509

 
100.0

 
23,889

 
54.9

Cost of revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for loan losses
16,239

 
24.1

 
17,359

 
39.9

 
(1,120
)
 
(6.5
)
Funding costs
5,126

 
7.6

 
4,090

 
9.4

 
1,036

 
25.3

Total cost of revenue
21,365

 
31.7

 
21,449

 
49.3

 
(84
)
 
(0.4
)
Net revenue
46,033

 
68.3

 
22,060

 
50.7

 
23,973

 
108.7

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales and marketing
15,847

 
23.5

 
8,325

 
19.2

 
7,522

 
90.4

Technology and analytics
11,111

 
16.5

 
4,649

 
10.7

 
6,462

 
139.0

Processing and servicing
3,352

 
5.0

 
2,235

 
5.1

 
1,117

 
50.0

General and administrative
12,146

 
18.0

 
6,142

 
14.1

 
6,004

 
97.8

Total operating expenses
42,456

 
63.0

 
21,351

 
49.1

 
21,105

 
98.8

Income from operations
3,577

 
5.3

 
709

 
1.6

 
2,868

 
404.5

Other (expense) income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
(70
)
 
(0.1
)
 
(55
)
 
(0.1
)
 
(15
)
 
27.3

Warrant liability fair value adjustment

 

 
(300
)
 
(0.7
)
 
300

 
(100.0
)
Total other (expense) income:
(70
)
 
(0.1
)
 
(355
)
 
(0.8
)
 
285

 
(80.3
)
Income before provision for income taxes
3,507

 
5.2

 
354

 
0.8

 
3,153

 
890.7

Provision for income taxes

 

 

 

 

 

Net income
$
3,507

 
5.2
 %
 
$
354

 
0.8
 %
 
$
3,153

 
890.7
 %





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Revenue
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Period-to-Period
 
2015
 
2014
 
Change
 
Amount
 
Percentage of
Gross
Revenue
 
Amount
 
Percentage of
Gross
Revenue
 
Amount
 
Percentage
 
(dollars in thousands)
Revenue:
 
Interest income
$
48,624

 
72.1
%
 
$
40,661

 
93.4
%
 
$
7,963

 
19.6
%
Gain on sales of loans
16,789

 
24.9

 
1,642

 
3.8

 
15,147

 
922.5

Other revenue
1,985

 
3.0

 
1,206

 
2.8

 
779

 
64.6

Gross revenue
$
67,398

 
100.0
%
 
$
43,509

 
100.0
%
 
$
23,889

 
54.9
%


Gross revenue increased by $23.9 million, or 54.9%, from $43.5 million in the third quarter of 2014 to $67.4 million in the third quarter of 2015. This growth was attributable, in part, to the growth of Marketplace as gain on sales of loans increased by $15.1 million, from $1.6 million in the third quarter of 2014 to $16.8 million in the third quarter of 2015. This growth was attributable to a $151.4 million increase in the sale of term loans through Marketplace and an increase in Marketplace Gain on Sale Rate from 7.4% in the third quarter of 2014 to 9.7% in the third quarter of 2015.

Interest income increased by $8.0 million, or 19.6%, primarily driven by an increase in Average Loans. In the third quarter of 2015, Originations increased 54.3% to $482.7 million compared to the third quarter of 2014 and over the same period, our Average Loans increased 31.2% from $391.0 million to $513.2 million.  As a result of the increase in term length and other factors described under the subheading "Key Factors Affecting Our Performance - Pricing," Effective Interest Yield on loans outstanding declined from 41.6% in the third quarter of 2014 to 37.9% in the third quarter of 2015.
Cost of Revenue
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Period-to-Period
 
2015
 
2014
 
Change
 
Amount
 
Percentage of
Gross
Revenue
 
Amount
 
Percentage of
Gross
Revenue
 
Amount
 
Percentage
 
(dollars in thousands)
Cost of revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for loan losses
$
16,239

 
24.1
%
 
$
17,359

 
39.9
%
 
$
(1,120
)
 
(6.5
)%
Funding costs
5,126

 
7.6

 
4,090

 
9.4

 
1,036

 
25.3

Total cost of revenue
$
21,365

 
31.7
%
 
$
21,449

 
49.3
%
 
$
(84
)
 
(0.4
)%
Provision for Loan Losses. Provision for loan losses decreased by $1.1 million, or 6.5%, from $17.4 million in the third quarter of 2014 to $16.2 million in the third quarter of 2015. The decrease in provision for loan losses was primarily attributable to an improved credit outlook and stronger performance in our portfolio resulting in a $5.5 million reserve release. This decrease, in part, occurred due to the increase in sales of loans through OnDeck Marketplace as a percentage of originations in the third quarter of 2015. Although we recognize revenue on loans over their term, we provide for probable credit losses on the loans at the time they are originated and then adjust periodically based on actual performance and changes in loss expectations. As a result, we believe that our Provision Rate (provision for loan losses divided by the new originations volume of loans held for investment and not sold in a period), rather than provision for loan losses as a percentage of gross revenue, provides more useful insight into our operating performance. The Provision Rate decreased from 6.0% in the third quarter of 2014 to 5.1% in the third quarter of 2015. This drop in Provision Rate was primarily attributable to the previously mentioned improved outlook and stronger performance of our portfolio.

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Funding Costs. Funding costs increased by $1.0 million, or 25.3%, from $4.1 million in the third quarter of 2014 to $5.1 million in the third quarter of 2015. The increase in funding costs was primarily attributable to the increases in our aggregate outstanding borrowings and the increase in our partner synthetic participation substantially offset by our lower contractual interest rates on our debt facilities. Our Average Funding Debt Outstanding during the third quarter of 2015 was $359.8 million as compared to $304.8 million in the third quarter of 2014. The Cost of Funds Rate increased from 5.4% in the third quarter of 2014 to 5.7% in the third quarter of 2015. The majority of the increase was due to the amortization of additional debt financing costs related to our new debt facilities and certain unused commitment fees. The increase also reflected growth in our partner synthetic participation program. As a percentage of gross revenue, funding costs decreased from 9.4% in the third quarter of 2014 to 7.6% in the third quarter of 2015. The decrease in funding costs as a percentage of gross revenue was primarily the result of more favorable interest rates on our debt facilities associated with our lending activities and the growth of OnDeck Marketplace, as a substantial portion of loans sold through OnDeck Marketplace do not incur funding costs from our debt facilities.
Operating Expense
Sales and Marketing
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Period-to-Period
 
2015
 
2014
 
Change
 
Amount
 
Percentage of
Gross
Revenue
 
Amount
 
Percentage of
Gross
Revenue
 
Amount
 
Percentage
 
(dollars in thousands)
Sales and marketing
$
15,847

 
23.5
%
 
$
8,325

 
19.2
%
 
$
7,522

 
90.4
%
Sales and marketing expense increased by $7.5 million, or 90.4%, from $8.3 million in the third quarter of 2014 to $15.8 million in the third quarter of 2015. The increase was in part attributable to a $5.0 million increase in direct marketing, general marketing and advertising costs as we expanded our marketing programs to drive increased customer acquisition and brand awareness. In addition, salaries and personnel-related costs increased $2.5 million primarily as a result of an increased in the number of personnel necessary to support our sales and marketing efforts.
Technology and Analytics
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Period-to-Period
 
2015
 
2014
 
Change
 
Amount
 
Percentage of
Gross
Revenue
 
Amount
 
Percentage of
Gross
Revenue
 
Amount
 
Percentage
 
(dollars in thousands)
Technology and analytics
$
11,111

 
16.5
%
 
$
4,649

 
10.7
%
 
$
6,462

 
139.0
%
Technology and analytics expense increased by $6.5 million, or 139.0%, from $4.6 million in the third quarter of 2014 to $11.1 million in the third quarter of 2015. The increase was primarily attributable to a $4.1 million increase in salaries and personnel-related costs, as we increased the number of technology personnel developing our platform, as well as analytics personnel to further improve upon algorithms underlying the OnDeck Score and our marketing models. In addition, we incurred a $2.1 million increase in amortization of capitalized internal-use software costs, investments related to our technology platform and costs to support our larger employee base.

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Processing and Servicing
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Period-to-Period
 
2015
 
2014
 
Change
 
Amount
 
Percentage of
Gross
Revenue
 
Amount
 
Percentage of
Gross
Revenue
 
Amount
 
Percentage
 
(dollars in thousands)
Processing and servicing
$
3,352

 
5.0
%
 
$
2,235

 
5.1
%
 
$
1,117

 
50.0
%
Processing and servicing expense increased by $1.1 million, or 50.0%, from $2.2 million in the third quarter of 2014 to $3.4 million in the third quarter of 2015. The increase was primarily attributable to a $0.8 million increase in salaries and personnel-related costs, as we increased the number of processing and servicing personnel to support the increased volume of loan applications and approvals and increased loan servicing requirements.
General and Administrative
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Period-to-Period
 
2015
 
2014
 
Change
 
Amount
 
Percentage of
Gross
Revenue
 
Amount
 
Percentage of
Gross
Revenue
 
Amount
 
Percentage
 
(dollars in thousands)
General and administrative
$
12,146

 
18.0
%
 
$
6,142

 
14.1
%
 
$
6,004

 
97.8
%
General and administrative expense increased by $6.0 million, or 97.8%, from $6.1 million in the third quarter of 2014 to $12.1 million in the third quarter of 2015. The increase was primarily attributable to a $2.7 million increase in salaries and personnel-related costs, including rent, as we increased the number of general and administrative personnel in the later period to support the growth of our business and to meet the operational needs of operating as a public company. We recorded an additional $1.1 million of expense in the third quarter of 2015 related to the accrual for losses on the unfunded portion of our lines of credit, due to the growth of that product. We incurred a $1.4 million increase in legal, insurance, tax, accounting, and consulting services in the third quarter of 2015, mainly due to the additional costs of operating as a public company. Finally, we incurred a loss of $0.6 million related to foreign currency transactions and holdings associated with the decline in the value of the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar. These increases were partially offset by a loss on disposal of $0.8 million in the third quarter of 2014 related to the termination of a lease, where no such expense was incurred in third quarter of 2015.


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Comparison of Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 and 2014
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Period-to-Period
 
2015
 
2014
 
Change
 
Amount
 
Percentage of
Gross
Revenue
 
Amount
 
Percentage of
Gross
Revenue
 
Amount
 
Percentage
 
(dollars in thousands)
Revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
$
147,571

 
78.8
 %
 
$
99,873

 
92.9
 %
 
$
47,698

 
47.8
 %
Gain on sales of loans
35,178

 
18.8

 
4,569

 
4.2

 
30,609

 
669.9

Other revenue
4,418

 
2.4

 
3,131

 
2.9

 
1,287

 
41.1

Gross revenue
187,167

 
100.0

 
107,573

 
100.0

 
79,594

 
74.0

Cost of revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for loan losses
54,865

 
29.3

 
47,011

 
43.7

 
7,854

 
16.7

Funding costs
14,941

 
8.0

 
12,531

 
11.6

 
2,410

 
19.2

Total cost of revenue
69,806

 
37.3

 
59,542

 
55.4

 
10,264

 
17.2

Net revenue
117,361

 
62.7

 
48,031

 
44.6

 
69,330

 
144.3

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales and marketing
43,503

 
23.2

 
21,799

 
20.3

 
21,704

 
99.6

Technology and analytics
29,904

 
16.0

 
11,357

 
10.6

 
18,547

 
163.3

Processing and servicing
9,070

 
4.8

 
5,928

 
5.5

 
3,142

 
53.0

General and administrative
31,722

 
16.9

 
13,968

 
13.0

 
17,754

 
127.1

Total operating expenses
114,199

 
61.0

 
53,052

 
49.3

 
61,147

 
115.3

Income (loss) from operations
3,162

 
1.7

 
(5,021
)
 
(4.7
)
 
8,183

 
(163.0
)
Other (expense) income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
(250
)
 
(0.1
)
 
(274
)
 
(0.3
)
 
24

 
(8.8
)
Warrant liability fair value adjustment

 

 
(9,122
)
 
(8.5
)
 
9,122

 
(100.0
)
Total other (expense) income:
(250
)
 
(0.1
)
 
(9,396
)
 
(8.7
)
 
9,146

 
(97.3
)
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes
2,912

 
1.6

 
(14,417
)
 
(13.4
)
 
17,329

 
(120.2
)
Provision for income taxes

 

 

 

 

 

Net income (loss)
$
2,912

 
1.6
 %
 
$
(14,417
)
 
(13.4
)%
 
$
17,329

 
(120.2
)%
Revenue
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Period-to-Period
 
2015
 
2014
 
Change
 
Amount
 
Percentage of
Gross
Revenue
 
Amount
 
Percentage of
Gross
Revenue
 
Amount
 
Percentage
 
(dollars in thousands)
Revenue:
 
Interest income
$
147,571

 
78.8
%
 
$
99,873

 
92.9
%
 
$
47,698

 
47.8
%
Gain on sales of loans
35,178

 
18.8

 
4,569

 
4.2

 
30,609

 
669.9

Other revenue
4,418

 
2.4

 
3,131

 
2.9

 
1,287

 
41.1

Gross revenue
$
187,167

 
100.0
%
 
$
107,573

 
100.0
%
 
$
79,594

 
74.0
%

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Table of Contents

Gross revenue increased by $79.6 million, or 74.0%, from $107.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 to $187.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. This growth was in part attributable to a $47.7 million, or 47.8%, increase in interest income, which was primarily driven by an increase in the Average Loans. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, our originations increased 67.2% to $1,317.7 million from $788.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and over the same period, our Average Loans increased 62% from $323.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 to $521.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.  As a result of the increase in term length and other factors described under the subheading "Key Factors Affecting Our Performance - Pricing," Effective Interest Yield on loans outstanding declined from 41.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 to 37.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.
Gain on sales of loans increased by $30.6 million, from $4.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 to $35.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. This growth was attributable to an increase of $336.9 million in the sale of term loans through OnDeck Marketplace and an increase in OnDeck Marketplace Gain on Sale Rate from 5.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 to 8.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.
Cost of Revenue
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Period-to-Period
 
2015
 
2014
 
Change
 
Amount
 
Percentage of
Gross
Revenue
 
Amount
 
Percentage of
Gross
Revenue
 
Amount
 
Percentage
 
(dollars in thousands)
Cost of revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for loan losses
$
54,865

 
29.3
%
 
$
47,011

 
43.7
%
 
$
7,854

 
16.7
%
Funding costs
14,941

 
8.0

 
12,531

 
11.6

 
2,410

 
19.2

Total cost of revenue
$
69,806

 
37.3
%
 
$
59,542

 
55.4
%
 
$
10,264

 
17.2
%
Provision for Loan Losses. Provision for loan losses increased by $7.9 million, or 16.7%, from $47.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 to $54.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The increase in provision for loan losses was primarily attributable to the increase in originations of term loans and lines of credit. A portion of the growth in OnDeck Marketplace was attributed to the sale of seasoned loans held for investment, with the sale of these loans generating a beneficial effect to our provision through the release of allowance for loan losses no longer required related to the sold loans. The Provision Rate decreased from 6.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 to 6.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The drop in Provision Rate was primarily attributable to improved credit quality of new originations.
Funding Costs. Funding costs increased by $2.4 million, or 19.2%, from $12.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 to $14.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The increase in funding costs was primarily attributable to the increases in our aggregate outstanding borrowings substantially offset by our lower contractual interest rates. Our Average Funding Debt Outstanding during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was $376.5 million as compared to $252.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. As a percentage of gross revenue, funding costs decreased from 11.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 to 8.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The decrease in funding costs as a percentage of gross revenue was primarily the result of more favorable interest rates on our debt facilities associated with our lending activities and the growth of OnDeck Marketplace, as a substantial portion of loans sold through OnDeck Marketplace do not incur funding costs from our debt facilities. Our Cost of Funds Rate decreased from 6.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 to 5.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 primarily as a result of our lower contractual interest rates on our debt facilities.

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Table of Contents

Operating Expense
Sales and Marketing
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Period-to-Period
 
2015
 
2014
 
Change
 
Amount
 
Percentage of
Gross
Revenue
 
Amount
 
Percentage of
Gross
Revenue
 
Amount
 
Percentage
 
(dollars in thousands)
Sales and marketing
$
43,503

 
23.2
%
 
$
21,799

 
20.3
%
 
$
21,704

 
99.6
%
Sales and marketing expense increased by $21.7 million, or 99.6%, from $21.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 to $43.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The increase was in part attributable to a $14.1 million increase in direct marketing, general marketing and advertising costs as we expanded our marketing programs to drive increased customer acquisition and brand awareness. In addition, salaries and personnel-related costs increased by $7.6 million primarily as a result of an increase in the number of personnel necessary to support our sales and marketing efforts.
Technology and Analytics
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Period-to-Period
 
2015
 
2014
 
Change
 
Amount
 
Percentage of
Gross
Revenue
 
Amount
 
Percentage of
Gross
Revenue
 
Amount
 
Percentage
 
(dollars in thousands)
Technology and analytics
$
29,904

 
16.0
%
 
$
11,357

 
10.6
%
 
$
18,547

 
163.3
%
Technology and analytics expense increased by $18.5 million, or 163.3%, from $11.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 to $29.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The increase was primarily attributable to a $11.9 million increase in salaries and personnel-related costs, as we increased the number of technology personnel developing our platform, as well as analytics personnel to further improve upon algorithms underlying the OnDeck Score and our marketing models. In addition, we incurred a $1.5 million increase in amortization of capitalized internal-use software costs, a $1.4 million increase in software license and an increase of $3.6 million in our investments related to our technology platform and costs to support our larger employee base.
Processing and Servicing
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Period-to-Period
 
2015
 
2014
 
Change
 
Amount
 
Percentage of
Gross
Revenue
 
Amount
 
Percentage of
Gross
Revenue
 
Amount
 
Percentage
 
(dollars in thousands)
Processing and servicing
$
9,070

 
4.8
%
 
$
5,928

 
5.5
%
 
$
3,142

 
53.0
%
Processing and servicing expense increased by $3.1 million, or 53.0%, from $5.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 to $9.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The increase was primarily attributable to a $2.3 million increase in salaries and personnel-related costs, as we increased the number of processing and servicing personnel to support the increased volume of underwriting and servicing requirements. In addition, we incurred a $0.6 million increase in third-party processing costs, credit information and filing fees as a result of the increased volume of loan applications and originations in the later period.


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Table of Contents

General and Administrative
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Period-to-Period
 
2015
 
2014
 
Change
 
Amount
 
Percentage of
Gross
Revenue
 
Amount
 
Percentage of
Gross
Revenue
 
Amount
 
Percentage
 
(dollars in thousands)
General and administrative
$
31,722

 
16.9
%
 
$
13,968

 
13.0
%
 
$
17,754

 
127.1
%
General and administrative expense increased by $17.8 million, or 127.1%, from $14.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 to $31.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The increase was primarily attributable to a $7.7 million increase in salaries and personnel-related costs, as we increased the number of general and administrative personnel in the later period to support the growth of our business and to meet the operational needs of a public company. We incurred a $3.0 million increase in legal, insurance, accounting, and consulting services for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, mainly due to the additional costs of operating as a public company. We recorded an additional $1.8 million of expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 related to the accrual for losses on the unfunded portion of our lines of credit, due to the growth of that product. Due to our physical expansion, rent and depreciation of leasehold improvements increased $0.7 million and $0.3 million, respectively. We incurred a one time fee of $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 associated with the termination of a lease in Denver, Colorado, an increased loss of $0.7 million related to foreign currency transactions and holdings associated with the decline in the value of the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar, an increase of $4.0 million in other miscellaneous expenses resulting primarily from increases in bank fees, and increases in various expenses associated with expanded headcount.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Sources of Liquidity
Prior to our initial public offering, or IPO, we funded our lending activities and operations primarily through private placements of redeemable convertible preferred stock, issuances of debt facilities, cash from operating activities and, beginning in October 2013, the sale of term loans to third-party institutional investors through OnDeck Marketplace.
Our IPO in December 2014 resulted in proceeds to us of $210.0 million, net of underwriting discounts, commissions and offering expenses. As of September 30, 2015, we had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $165.7 million and had the ability to borrow up to an additional $335.5 million under our current funding and corporate debt facilities, subject to various borrowing conditions and limitations.
Preferred Equity Financings
Since inception, we raised $182.9 million from the sale of redeemable convertible preferred stock to third parties, including $77.0 million in our Series E financing in February 2014. The funds received from the issuance of our Series E redeemable convertible preferred stock were our primary source of capital for operating expenditures in 2014. We also used a portion of this capital to finance a small percentage of our loans.
Current Debt Facilities
The following table summarizes our current debt facilities available, subject to borrowing conditions, for funding our lending activities and our operating expenditures as of September 30, 2015:

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Table of Contents

Description
Maturity
Date
 
Interest Rate at September 30, 2015
 
Maximum
Borrowing
Capacity
 
Principal
Outstanding
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
Funding debt:
 
 
 
 
 
OnDeck Asset Securitization Trust LLC
May 2018
 
3.4
%
 
$
175.0

 
$
175.0

OnDeck Account Receivables Trust 2013-1 LLC
September 2016 (1)
 
3.2
%
 
167.6

 
38.3

On Deck Asset Company, LLC
May 2017
 
8.5
%
 
50.0

 
23.7

OnDeck Asset Pool, LLC
August 2017
 
5.0
%
 
100.0

 
14.6

Prime OnDeck Receivable Trust, LLC
June 2017
 
2.4
%
 
100.0

 
35.0

Receivable Assets of OnDeck, LLC
May 2017
 
3.2
%
 
50.0

 
40.5

Small Business Asset Fund 2009 LLC
Various (2)
 
7.0
%
 
16.2

 
16.2

Partner Synthetic Participation
Various (3)
 
Various

 
7.9

 
7.9

Total funding debt
 
 
 
 
$
666.7

 
$
351.2

Corporate debt:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
On Deck Capital, Inc.
October 2015 (1)
 
4.5
%
 
$
20.0

 
$

_________________________
(1)
Subsequent to September 30, 2015 the maturity date of these facilities was extended. See " - Contractual Obligations."
(2)
Maturity dates range from December 2015 through August 2017
(3)
Maturity dates range from October 2015 through September 2017


While the lenders under our corporate debt facility and holders of Partner Synthetic Participation have direct recourse to us as the borrower thereunder, lenders to our subsidiaries do not have direct recourse to us.
OnDeck Marketplace
OnDeck Marketplace is our proprietary whole loan sale platform that allows participating third-party institutional investors to directly purchase small business loans from us. Pursuant to a whole loan purchase agreement, each OnDeck Marketplace participant commits to purchase, on a forward flow basis, a pre-determined dollar amount of loans that satisfy certain eligibility criteria. The loans are sold to the participant at a pre-determined purchase price above par. We recognize a gain or loss from OnDeck Marketplace loans when sold. The loan sales typically are conducted daily. We currently act as servicer in exchange for a servicing fee with respect to the loans purchased by the applicable OnDeck Marketplace participant. As our originations continue to grow, we expect to continue growing the OnDeck Marketplace business.
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Loans (Net of Allowance for Loan Losses), and Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our cash and cash equivalents, loans (net of ALLL) and cash flows:
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents
$
165,713

 
$
22,642

Loans, net of allowance for loan losses
$
459,805

 
$
393,635

Cash provided by (used in):
 
 
 
Operating activities
$
89,690

 
$
69,240

Investing activities
$
(98,367
)
 
$
(274,254
)
Financing activities
$
(44,479
)
 
$
222,986

Our cash and cash equivalents at September 30, 2015 were held primarily for working capital purposes. We may, from time to time, use excess cash and cash equivalents including proceeds from our IPO to fund our lending activities. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. Our policy is to invest any cash in excess of our immediate working capital

43

Table of Contents

requirements in investments designed to preserve the principal balance and provide liquidity. Accordingly, our excess cash is invested primarily in demand deposit accounts that are currently providing only a minimal return.
Cash Flows
Operating Activities
For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, net cash provided by our operating activities was $89.7 million, which was primarily the result of cash received from our customers attributable to interest payments totaling approximately $178.0 million, plus proceeds from sale of loans held for sale of $342.8 million, less $305.4 million of loan held for sale originations in excess of loan repayments received, $100.4 million utilized to pay our operating expenses, $12.1 million of origination costs paid in excess of fees collected, and $11.7 million we used to pay the interest on our debt (both funding and corporate). During that same period, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities increased by approximately $10.4 million.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, net cash provided by our operating activities was $69.2 million, which was primarily the result of cash received from our customers attributable to interest payments totaling approximately $122.4 million, less $46.5 million utilized to pay our operating expenses and $11.0 million we used to pay the interest on our debt (both funding and corporate). During that same period, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities decreased by approximately $6.5 million.
Investing Activities
Our investing activities have consisted primarily of funding our term loan and line of credit originations including payment of associated direct costs and receipt of associated fees offset by customer repayments of term loans and lines of credit, purchases of property, equipment and software, capitalized internal-use software development costs, proceeds from the sale of term loans which were not specifically identified at origination as loans held for sale through OnDeck Marketplace, and changes in restricted cash. Purchases of property, equipment and software and capitalized internal-use software development costs may vary from period to period due to the timing of the expansion of our operations, the addition of employee headcount and the development cycles of our internal-use technology.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, net cash used to fund our investing activities was $98.4 million and consisted primarily of $169.4 million of loan originations in excess of loan repayments received, $106.0 million of proceeds from sale of loans held for investment, $20.6 million of origination costs paid in excess of fees collected, and $8.3 million for the purchase of property, equipment and software and capitalized internal-use software development costs. We also restricted more cash as collateral for financing arrangements, resulting in a $6.1 million decrease in unrestricted cash during the year.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, net cash used to fund our investing activities was $274.3 million and consisted primarily of $232.8 million of loan originations in excess of loan repayments received, $24.2 million of origination costs paid in excess of fees collected, and $9.5 million for the purchase of property, equipment and software and capitalized internal-use software development costs. We also restricted more cash as collateral for financing arrangements, resulting in a $7.8 million decrease in unrestricted cash during the year.
Financing Activities
Our financing activities have consisted primarily of the issuance of common stock and redeemable convertible preferred stock and net borrowings from our revolving debt facilities.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, net cash used to fund our financing activities was $44.5 million and consisted primarily of $48.6 million in net repayments on our revolving debt facilities, $7.1 million of cash received for investment by noncontrolling interest in On Deck Capital Australia PTY LTD and $1.8 million of payments of IPO costs. Borrowings from our funding facilities decreased from the prior year period due to growth of OnDeck Marketplace and our use of available cash from our IPO, which permitted us to fund more loans without drawing corresponding debt, thereby reducing interest expense.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, net cash provided by our financing activities was $223.0 million and consisted primarily of $146.9 million in net borrowings from our revolving debt facilities, primarily associated with the increase in loan originations during the year, and $77.0 million in net proceeds from the issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock.
Operating and Capital Expenditure Requirements

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Table of Contents

We believe that our existing cash balances, the cash flows provided by our operations and the available borrowing capacity under our revolving lines of credit will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash operating expense and capital expenditure requirements through at least the next 12 months. If we should require additional liquidity, we will seek additional equity or debt financing. The sale of equity may result in dilution to our stockholders, and those securities may have rights senior to those of our common shares. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of additional debt, the agreements governing such debt could contain covenants that would restrict our operations and such debt would rank senior to shares of our common stock. We may require additional capital beyond our currently anticipated amounts and additional capital may not be available on reasonable terms, or at all.
Contractual Obligations
       
Other than as described below, there have been other no material changes in our commitments under contractual obligations from those disclosed in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2015 and June 30, 2015 and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.


ODART Agreement Amendment

On October 7, 2015, OnDeck Account Receivables Trust 2013-1 LLC (“ODART”), one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, amended and restated one of its existing asset-backed revolving debt facilities (the “ODART Facility”) as described below. On that date, ODART entered into that certain Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “ODART Second A&R Credit Agreement”) with the Lenders party thereto from time to time, Deutsche Bank AG, New York Branch, as Administrative Agent for the Class A Revolving Lenders (in such capacity, the “Administrative Agent”) and as Collateral Agent for the Secured Parties (in such capacity, the “Collateral Agent”), Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as Paying Agent for the Lenders (the “Paying Agent”), and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. (“DBSI”), as Lead Arranger, Syndication Agent (in such capacity, “Syndication Agent”) and Documentation Agent (in such capacity, “Documentation Agent”). The ODART Second A&R Credit Agreement amends the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “ODART A&R Credit Agreement”), dated as of September 15, 2014, by and among ODART, the Lenders party thereto from time to time, the Administrative Agent, the Collateral Agent, the Paying Agent, Syndication Agent and Documentation Agent. The ODART A&R Credit Agreement was previously filed as Exhibit 10.14 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on November 10, 2014.

The ODART Second A&R Credit Agreement provides for:
w
the decrease in the Class A interest rate to the applicable cost of funds rate +2.25%;
w
the extension of the commitment termination date of the ODART Facility by approximately one year to September 15, 2017;
w
the extension of the date on or prior to which early termination fees may be payable in the event of a termination or other permanent reduction of the revolving commitments by approximately one year to May 16, 2017, and the ability for ODART to make certain partial commitment terminations without early termination fees;
w
the ability to use up to a specified portion of the facility for the financing of the Company’s weekly pay term loan product;
w
the termination of the Class B revolving lending commitment, the effect of which is to reduce the total facility size to $150,000,000; such termination was made at ODART’s request and consented to by the Class B Revolving Lender. The ODART Second A&R Credit Agreement also contemplates the reintroduction, at ODART’s election and with the Administrative Agent’s consent, of one or more Class B Revolving Lenders resulting in Class B commitments of up to $17,647,000, thereby potentially restoring the facility size to up to $167,647,000. The borrowing base advance rate for reintroduced Class B revolving loans is 95% and the interest rate for such Class B revolving loans will not exceed LIBOR + 7.00%;
w
certain changes to financial and portfolio performance covenants; and
w
various related technical, definitional, conforming and other changes.


The foregoing description of the ODART Second A&R Credit Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the ODART Second A&R Credit Agreement, which is filed as Exhibit 10.1 to this report and incorporated herein by reference. At September 30, 2015, there were $38 million in borrowings outstanding under this facility.

Square 1 Loan Agreement Amendment

45

Table of Contents


On October 2, 2015, the Company amended and restated its existing revolving debt facility (the “Square 1 Bank Facility”) as described below. On that date, the Company entered into that certain First Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement (the “Square 1 Loan Agreement Amendment”) with Square 1 Bank, as Lender (“Square 1”). The Square 1 Loan Agreement Amendment amends the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (the “Square 1 Loan Agreement”), dated as of November 3, 2014, between Square 1 and the Company, as Borrower. The Square 1 Loan Agreement was previously filed as Exhibit 10.13 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on November 10, 2014.

The Square 1 Loan Agreement Amendment provides for:
w
the extension of the maturity date of the Square 1 Bank Facility by approximately one year to October 28, 2016;
w
a minimum amount of monthly interest payable to Square 1;
w
certain changes to financial and portfolio performance covenants; and
w
various related technical, definitional, conforming and other changes.

The foregoing description of the Square 1 Loan Agreement Amendment does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Square 1 Loan Agreement Amendment, which is filed as Exhibit 10.2 to this report and incorporated herein by reference. At September 30, 2015, there were no borrowings outstanding under this facility.

ODAP Credit Agreement Amendment

On August 13, 2015, OnDeck Asset Pool, LLC, or “ODAP,” one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, amended and restated its existing asset-backed revolving debt facility (the “ODAP Facility”) as described below. On that date, ODAP entered into that certain Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “ODAP A&R Credit Agreement”) with the Lenders party thereto from time to time and Jefferies Funding LLC, as Administrative Agent for the Lenders (the “ODAP Administrative Agent”), and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as Paying Agent and as Collateral Agent for the Secured Parties (the “ODAP Collateral Agent”). The ODAP A&R Credit Agreement amends the Credit Agreement (the “ODAP Credit Agreement”), dated as of August 15, 2014, as amended by that certain Amendment No. 1 to the ODAP Credit Agreement, dated as of May 1, 2015, by and among ODAP, as Borrower, the Lenders party thereto from time to time, Jefferies Mortgage Funding, LLC, as Administrative Agent for the Lenders, and the ODAP Collateral Agent. The ODAP Credit Agreement was previously filed as Exhibit 10.19 to our Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on November 10, 2014.

The ODAP A&R Credit Agreement provides for:
w
the conversion of the Lenders’ obligation from a commitment to make revolving loans to ODAP of up to $75 million to an agreement under which the Lenders are allowed to make, on an uncommitted basis, revolving loans to ODAP of up to $100 million;
w
the extension of the revolving termination date (i.e., the period during which ODAP is permitted to request the advance of revolving loans) by approximately one year to August 13, 2016;
w
the increase of the borrowing base advance rate from 90% to 95%; and
w
various related technical, definitional, conforming and other changes.

The foregoing description of the ODAP A&R Credit Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the ODAP A&R Credit Agreement, which is filed as Exhibit 10.3 to this report and incorporated herein by reference. At September 30, 2015, there were $15 million in borrowings outstanding under this facility.


Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of September 30, 2015, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of Regulation S-K, such as the use of unconsolidated subsidiaries, structured finance, special purpose entities or variable interest entities.
Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

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Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported period. In accordance with GAAP, we base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Servicing Rights
We service loans that we have sold to third parties and upon such sale, we may recognize a servicing asset or liability, collectively referred to as servicing rights. Receiving more than adequate compensation, as defined by ASC Topic 860 Transfers and Servicing, results in the recognition of a servicing asset. Receiving less than adequate compensation results in a servicing liability. Servicing assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value and are presented as a component of other assets or accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively. The initial recognition of a servicing asset results in a corresponding increase to gain on sales of loans. The initial recognition of a servicing liability results in a corresponding decrease to gain on sales of loans. Subsequent adjustments to the fair value of servicing rights are recognized as an adjustment to other revenue.
We utilize industry-standard modeling, such as discounted cash flow models, to arrive at an estimate of fair value and may utilize independent service providers to assist in the valuation process. Significant assumptions used in valuing our servicing rights are as follows:
Adequate compensation: We estimate adequate compensation as the rate a willing market participant would require to service loans with similar characteristics as those in the serviced portfolio. In the event of a lack of transparency and quantity of transactions related to trades of servicing rights of comparable loans (i.e., loans with comparable terms, unpaid principal balances, renewal rates and default rates) we may consider the actual cost incurred as an appropriate proxy to what a market participant would require to service the loans.
Discount rate: For servicing rights on loans, the discount rate reflects the time value of money and a risk premium intended to reflect the amount of compensation market participants would require.
Renewal rate: We estimate the timing and probability that a borrower may renew their loan in advance of scheduled repayment, thus reducing the projected unpaid principal balance and expected term of the loan, which are used to project future servicing revenues.
Default rate: We estimate the timing and probability of loan defaults and write-offs, thus reducing the projected unpaid principal balance and expected term of the loan, which are used to project future servicing revenues.

Other than noted above, here have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as compared to those described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements and JOBS Act Election

Refer to Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, contained in Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of Part I of this report for a full description of the recent accounting pronouncements and our expectation of their impact, if any, on our results of operations and financial conditions.

Under the JOBS Act, we meet the definition of an “emerging growth company.” We have irrevocably elected to opt out of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards pursuant to Section 107(b) of the JOBS Act.
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Except as disclosed below, there have been no material changes from the information previously reported under Part II, Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.

As a result of our growing Canadian operations and our expansion to Australia, as of September 30, 2015, we are subject to greater foreign currency exchange rate risk as compared to December 31, 2014. Foreign currency exchange rate risk is the possibility that our financial position or results of operations could be positively or negatively impacted by fluctuations in exchange rates. We have recently begun limited use of derivative instruments to hedge this risk. To date, such hedging has not been material. We intend to enter into these transactions only to hedge underlying risk reasonably related to our business and not for speculative

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purposes. In the future, we may continue to utilize derivative instruments to hedge our foreign currency exchange rate risk, however, there can be no assurance that any such hedging strategy will be effective in mitigating these risks.
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As required by Rule 13a-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, management has evaluated, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on the foregoing evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of September 30, 2015, the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level to ensure information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act are recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and that information required to be disclosed by us in our reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act are accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding our required disclosure.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
 
Item 1.
Legal Proceedings
Two separate putative class actions were filed in August 2015  in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against us, certain of our executive officers, our directors and certain or all of the underwriters of our initial public offering, or IPO.  The suits allege that the registration statement for our IPO contained materially false and misleading statements regarding, or failed to disclose, specified information in violation of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.   The suits seek a determination that the case is a proper class action and/or certification of the plaintiff as a class representative, rescission or a rescissory measure of damages and/or unspecified damages, interest, attorneys’ fees and other fees and costs. The deadline for seeking lead plaintiff status was October 5, 2015.  The court has not ruled on the pending motion for consolidation of the two suits into a single case, the appointment of a lead plaintiff and approval of plaintiff’s counsel.  The Company intends to defend itself vigorously in these matters, although at this time we cannot predict the outcome.  
From time to time we are subject to other legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. The results of such matters cannot be predicted with certainty. However, we believe that the final outcome of any such current matters will not result in a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, consolidated results of operations or consolidated cash flows.
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
For a discussion of certain risk factors affecting us, see Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014; and "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" in this report.
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
There has been no material change in the planned use of proceeds from our initial public offering as described in our final prospectus filed with the SEC on December 17, 2014 pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4). During the quarter ended September 30, 2015 (the period covered by this report), pending their application, the net proceeds from our IPO were maintained as described in our final prospectus.
Item 3.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
None.
Item 5.
Other Information
None.
Item 6.
Exhibits

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The documents listed in the Exhibit Index of this report are incorporated by reference or are filed with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in each case as indicated therein (numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K).


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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
On Deck Capital, Inc.
 
 
 
/s/ Howard Katzenberg
 
Howard Katzenberg
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
Date: November 10, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Nicholas Sinigaglia
 
Nicholas Sinigaglia
Senior Vice President
(Principal Accounting Officer)
Date: November 10, 2015
 


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Exhibit Index
 
Exhibit
Number
 
Description
 
Filed / Furnished /
Incorporated by
Reference from
Form
 
Incorporated
by Reference
from Exhibit
Number
 
Date Filed
3.1
 
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
 
8-K
 
3.1

 
12/22/2014
3.2
 
Second Amended and Restated Bylaws
 
8-K
 
3.1

 
5/1/2015
4.1
 
Form of common stock certificate.
 
S-1
 
4.1

 
11/10/2014
4.2
 
Ninth Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement, dated March 13, 2014, by and among the Registrant and certain of its stockholders.
 
S-1
 
4.2

 
11/10/2014
4.3
 
Form of warrant to purchase Series E preferred stock.
 
S-1
 
4.5

 
11/10/2014
4.4
 
Form of warrant to purchase common stock.
 
S-1
 
4.6

 
11/10/2014
10.1
 
Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of October 7, 2015, by and among OnDeck Account Receivables Trust 2013-1 LLC, as Borrower, the Lenders party thereto from time to time, Deutsche Bank AG, New York Branch, as Administrative Agent for the Class A Revolving Lenders and as Collateral Agent for the Secured Parties, Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as Paying Agent for the Lenders,  and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., as Lead Arranger, Syndication Agent and Documentation Agent. 
 
Filed herewith.
 
 
 
 
10.2
 
First Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, dated October 2, 2015, between Square 1 Bank, as Lender, and the Registrant.
 
Filed herewith.
 
 
 
 
10.3
 
Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of August 13, 2015, by and among OnDeck Asset Pool, LLC, as Borrower, the Lenders party thereto from time to time and Jefferies Funding LLC, as Administrative Agent for the Lenders, Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as Paying Agent and as Collateral Agent for the Secured Parties.
 
Filed herewith.
 
 
 
 
31.1
 
Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Rule 13(a)-14(a)/15d-14(a), by Chief Executive Officer.
 
Filed herewith.
 
 
 
 
31.2
 
Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Rule 13(a)-14(a)/15d-14(a), by Chief Financial Officer.
 
Filed herewith.
 
 
 
 
32.1
 
Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, by Chief Executive Officer.
 
Filed herewith.
 
 
 
 
32.2
 
Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, by Chief Financial Officer.
 
Filed herewith.
 
 
 
 
101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document
 
Filed herewith.
 
 
 
 
101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
 
Filed herewith.
 
 
 
 
101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
 
Filed herewith.
 
 
 
 
101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
 
Filed herewith.
 
 
 
 
101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
 
Filed herewith.
 
 
 
 
101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
 
Filed herewith.
 
 
 
 



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