UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-Q

 

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018

OR

For the Transition Period from _______________ to _______________

Commission File Number 001 – 32205

 

CBRE GROUP, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒.

The number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding at October 31, 2018 was 340,880,302.

 

 

 

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FORM 10-Q

September 30, 2018

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

 

 

 

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

CBRE GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

 

 

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Readers of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Quarterly Report) should refer to the audited financial statements and notes to consolidated financial statements of CBRE Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation (which may be referred to in these financial statements as “the company,” “we,” “us” and “our”), for the year ended December 31, 2017, which are included in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K (2017 Annual Report), filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and also available on our website (www.cbre.com), since we have omitted from this Quarterly Report certain footnote disclosures which would substantially duplicate those contained in such audited financial statements. You should also refer to Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, in the notes to consolidated financial statements in our 2017 Annual Report for further discussion of our significant accounting policies and estimates.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the rules applicable to quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and include all information and footnotes required for interim financial statement presentation, but do not include all disclosures required under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S.), or GAAP, for annual financial statements. In our opinion, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments, except as otherwise noted) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, and reported amounts of revenue and expenses. Such estimates include the value of goodwill, intangibles and other long-lived assets, real estate assets, accounts receivable, contract assets, investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries and assumptions used in the calculation of income taxes, retirement and other post-employment benefits, among others. These estimates and assumptions are based on our best judgment. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including consideration of the current economic environment, and adjust such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in these estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods.

Certain restatements have been made to the 2017 financial statements to conform with the 2018 presentation in connection with our adoption of new revenue recognition guidance (as further described in notes 2, 3 and 12). In addition, certain reclassifications have been made to the 2017 financial statements to conform with the 2018 presentation. Such reclassifications primarily relate to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016‑01, ASU 2016-15 and ASU 2016-18 as further described in Note 3.

The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018.

 

Revenue Recognition

We account for revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” Topic 606 also includes Subtopic 340-40, “Other Assets and Deferred Costs – Contracts with Customers,” which requires deferral of incremental costs to obtain and fulfill a contract with a customer. We adopted new revenue recognition guidance on January 1, 2018, using the full retrospective method (see Note 3). Revenue is recognized when or as control of the promised services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those services.

The following is a description of principal activities – separated by reportable segments – from which we generate revenue. For more detailed information about our reportable segments, see Notes 12 and 13.

 

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

 

The Americas, Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA), and Asia Pacific

The Americas segment is our largest segment of operations and provides a comprehensive range of services throughout the United States (U.S.), in the largest regions of Canada and in key markets in Latin America. The primary services offered consist of the following: property leasing, property sales, mortgage services, appraisal and valuation, occupier outsourcing and property management services.

Our EMEA and Asia Pacific segments generally provide services similar to the Americas business segment. The EMEA segment has operations primarily in Europe, while the Asia Pacific segment has operations in Asia, Australia and New Zealand.

Property Leasing and Property Sales

Through our Advisory & Transaction Services business line, we provide strategic advice and execution to owners, investors, and occupiers of real estate in connection with the leasing of office, industrial and retail space. We also offer clients fully integrated property sales services under the CBRE Capital Markets brand. We are compensated for our services in the form of a commission and, in some instances may earn various forms of variable incentive consideration. Our commission is paid upon the occurrence of certain contractual event(s) which may be contingent. For example, a portion of our leasing commission may be paid upon signing of the lease by the tenant, with the remaining paid upon occurrence of another future contingent event (e.g. payment of first month’s rent or tenant move-in). For sales, our commission is typically paid at the closing of the sale. We typically satisfy our performance obligation at a point in time when control is transferred; generally, at the time of the first contractual event where there is a present right to payment. We look to history, experience with a customer, and deal specific considerations to support our judgement that the second contingency (if applicable) will be met. Therefore, we typically accelerate the recognition of the revenue associated with the second contingent event.

In addition to our commission, we may recognize other forms of variable consideration which can include, but are not limited to, commissions subject to concession or claw back and volume based discounts or rebates. We assess variable consideration on a contract by contract basis, and when appropriate, recognize revenue based on our assessment of the outcome (using the most likely outcome approach or weighted probability) and historical results, if comparable and representative. We recognize variable consideration if it is deemed probable that there will not be significant reversal in the future.

Mortgage Originations and Loan Sales

Under the CBRE Capital Markets brand, we offer clients fully integrated commercial mortgage and structured financing services. Fees from services within our mortgage brokerage business that are in the scope of Topic 606 include fees earned for the brokering of commercial mortgage loans primarily through relationships established with investment banking firms, national and regional banks, credit companies, insurance companies and pension funds. We are compensated for our brokerage services via a fee paid upon successful placement of a commercial mortgage borrower with a lender who will provide financing. The fee earned is contingent upon the funding of the loan. We typically satisfy our performance obligation when control is transferred at the point in time of the funding of the loan.

We also earn fees from the origination and sale of commercial mortgage loans for which the company retains the servicing rights. These fees are governed by the “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” topic (Topic 820) and “Transfers and Servicing” topic (Topic 860) of the FASB ASC. Upon origination of a mortgage loan held for sale, the fair value of the mortgage servicing rights (MSR) to be retained is included in the forecasted proceeds from the anticipated loan sale and results in a net gain (which is reflected in revenue). Upon sale, we record a servicing asset or liability based on the fair value of the retained MSR associated with the transferred loan. Subsequent to the initial recording, MSRs are amortized and carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value in other intangible assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. They are amortized in proportion to and over the estimated period that the servicing income is expected to be received.

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

Appraisal and Valuation

We provide valuation services that include market-value appraisals, litigation support, discounted cash flow analyses, feasibility studies as well as consulting services such as property condition reports, hotel advisory and environmental consulting. We are compensated for valuation services in the form of a fee, which is payable on the occurrence of certain events (e.g., a portion on the delivery of a draft report with the remaining on the delivery of the final report). For consulting services, we may be paid based on the occurrence of time or event-based milestones (such as the delivery of draft reports). We typically satisfy our performance obligation as services are rendered over time.

Occupier Outsourcing Services

We provide a broad suite of services to occupiers of real estate, including facilities management, project management, transaction management and strategic consulting. We report facilities and project management as well as strategic consulting activities in our occupier outsourcing revenue line and transaction management in our lease and sales revenue lines.

Facilities management involves the day-to-day management of client-occupied space and includes headquarter buildings, regional offices, administrative offices, data centers and other critical facilities, manufacturing and laboratory facilities, distribution facilities and retail space. Contracts for facilities management services are often structured so we are reimbursed for client-dedicated personnel costs and subcontracted vendor costs as well as associated overhead expenses plus a monthly fee, and, in some cases, annual incentives tied to agreed-upon performance targets, with any penalties typically capped. Facilities management services represent a series of distinct daily services rendered over time.

Project management services are often provided on a portfolio wide or programmatic basis. Revenues from project management services generally includes fixed management fees, variable fees, and incentive fees if certain agreed-upon performance targets are met. Revenues from project management may also include reimbursement of payroll and related costs for personnel providing the services and subcontracted vendor costs. Project management services represent a series of distinct daily services rendered over time.

The amount of revenue recognized is presented gross for any services provided by our employees, as we control them. This is evidenced by our obligation for their performance and our ability to direct and redirect their work, as well as negotiate the value of such services. The amount of revenue recognized related to the majority of facilities management contracts and certain project management arrangements is presented gross (with offsetting expense recorded in cost of services) for reimbursements of costs of third-party services because we control those services that are delivered to the client. In the instances when we do not control third-party services delivered to the client, we report revenues net of the third-party reimbursements.

In addition to our management fee, we receive various types of variable consideration which can include, but is not limited to; key performance indicator bonuses or penalties which may be linked to subcontractor performance, gross maximum price, glidepaths, savings guarantees, shared savings, or fixed fee structures. We assess variable consideration on a contract by contract basis, and when appropriate, recognize revenue based on our assessment of the outcome (using the most likely outcome approach or weighted probability) and historical results, if comparable and representative. Using management assessment and historical results and statistics, we accelerate revenue if it is deemed probable there will not be significant reversal in the future.

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

Property Management

We provide property management services on a contractual basis for owners of and investors in office, industrial and retail properties. These services include construction management, marketing, building engineering, accounting and financial services. We are compensated for our services through a monthly management fee earned based on either a specified percentage of the monthly rental income, rental receipts generated from the property under management or a fixed fee. We are also often reimbursed for our administrative and payroll costs directly attributable to the properties under management. Property management services represent a series of distinct daily services rendered over time. The amount of revenue recognized is presented gross for any services provided by our employees, as we control them. We generally do not control third-party services delivered to property management clients. As such, we report revenues net of third-party reimbursements.

Global Investment Management

Our Global Investment Management business segment provides investment management services to pension funds, insurance companies, sovereign wealth funds, foundations, endowments and other institutional investors seeking to generate returns and diversification through investment in real estate. We sponsor investment programs that span the risk/return spectrum in: North America, Europe, Asia and Australia. We are typically compensated in the form of a base management fee, disposition fees, acquisition fees and incentive fees in the form of performance fees or carried interest based on fund type (open or closed ended, respectively). For the base management fee, we typically satisfy the performance obligation as service is rendered over time pursuant to the series guidance. For acquisition and disposition services, we typically satisfy the performance obligation at a point in time (at acquisition or upon disposition). For contracts with contingent fees, including performance fees, incentive fees and carried interest, we assess variable consideration on a contract by contract basis, and when appropriate, recognize revenue based on our assessment of the outcome (using the most likely outcome approach or weighted probability) and historical results, if comparable and representative. Revenue associated with performance fees and carried interest are typically constrained due to volatility in the real estate market, a broad range of possible outcomes, and other factors in the market that are outside of our control.

Development Services

Our Development Services business segment consists of real estate development and investment activities primarily in the United States to users of and investors in commercial real estate, as well as for our own account. We pursue opportunistic, risk-mitigated development and investment in commercial real estate across a wide spectrum of property types, including: industrial, office and retail properties; healthcare facilities of all types (medical office buildings, hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers); and residential/mixed-use projects. We pursue development and investment activity on behalf of our clients on a fee basis with no, or limited, ownership interest in a property, in partnership with our clients through co-investment – either on an individual project basis or through programs with certain strategic capital partners or for our own account with 100% ownership. Development services represent a series of distinct daily services rendered over time. Fees are typically payable monthly over the service term or upon contractual defined events, like project milestones. In addition to development fee revenue, we receive various types of variable consideration which can include, but is not limited to, contingent lease-up bonuses, cost saving incentives, profit sharing on sales and at-risk fees. We assess variable consideration on a contract by contract basis, and when appropriate, recognize revenue based on our assessment of the outcome (using the most likely outcome approach or weighted probability) and historical results, if comparable and representative. We accelerate revenue if it is deemed probable there will not be significant reversal in the future.

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

We record accounts receivable for our unconditional rights to consideration arising from our performance under contracts with customers. The carrying value of such receivables, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts, represents their estimated net realizable value. We estimate our allowance for doubtful accounts for specific accounts receivable balances based on historical collection trends, the age of outstanding accounts receivables and existing economic conditions associated with the receivables. Past-due accounts receivable balances are written off when our internal collection efforts have been unsuccessful. As a practical expedient, we do not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component when we expect, at contract inception, that the period between our transfer of a promised service to a customer and when the customer pays for that service will be one year or less. We do not typically include extended payment terms in our contracts with customers.

Remaining Performance Obligations

Remaining performance obligations represent the aggregate transaction prices for contracts where our performance obligations have not yet been satisfied. As of September 30, 2018, the aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations in our property leasing business was not significant. We apply the practical expedient related to remaining performance obligations that are part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less and the practical expedient related to variable consideration from remaining performance obligations pursuant to the series guidance. All of our remaining performance obligations apply to one of these practical expedients.

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

Contract assets represent assets for revenue that has been recognized in advance of billing the customer and for which the right to bill is contingent upon something other than the passage of time. This is common for contingent portions of commissions in brokerage and incentive fees present in various businesses. Billing requirements vary by contract but are generally structured around fixed monthly fees, reimbursement of employee and other third-party costs, and the achievement or completion of certain contingent events.

When we receive consideration, or such consideration is unconditionally due, from a customer prior to transferring services to the customer under the terms of the services contract, we record deferred revenue, which represents a contract liability. Such deferred revenue typically results from milestone payments pertaining to future services not yet rendered. We recognize the contract liability as revenue once we have transferred control of service to the customer and all revenue recognition criteria are met.

Contract assets and contract liabilities are determined for each contract on a net basis. For contract assets, we classify the short-term portion as a separate line item within current assets and the long-term portion within other assets, long-term in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. For contract liabilities, we classify the short-term portion as a separate line item within current liabilities and the long-term portion within other liabilities, long-term in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Contract Costs

Contract costs primarily consist of upfront costs incurred to obtain or to fulfill a contract. These costs are typically found within our Occupier Outsourcing business line. Such costs relate to transition costs to fulfill contracts prior to services being rendered and are included within other intangible assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Capitalized transition costs are amortized based on the transfer of services to which the assets relate which can vary on a contract by contract basis, and are included in cost of services in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. For contract costs that are recognized as assets, we periodically review for impairment.

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

Applying the contract cost practical expedient, we recognize the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that we otherwise would have recognized is one year or less.

Income Taxes

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (Tax Act) was signed into law making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code, including, but not limited to: (i) a U.S. corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21%, effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017; (ii) the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a territorial system; and (iii) a one-time transition tax (i.e. toll charge) on the mandatory deemed repatriation of cumulative foreign earnings as of December 31, 2017. In December 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (SAB 118), “Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act,” which allows us to record provisional amounts during a measurement period not to extend beyond one year of the enactment date. In March 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2018-05, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118,” which added SEC guidance related to SAB 118.

Our provision for income taxes for 2017 included a provisional amount related to our estimate of the U.S. federal and state tax impact of the transition tax and other components of the Tax Act. In the first quarter of 2018, we obtained additional information affecting the provisional amount initially recorded for the transition tax. As a result, we recorded an immaterial adjustment to the transition tax in the tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Provisional amounts that have been recorded are based upon our best estimate of the impact of the Tax Act in accordance with our understanding of the Tax Act and the related guidance available. Our analysis of the available information, including the proposed regulations from the U.S. Treasury issued on August 1, 2018, has guided our assessment of the impact of certain positions. Given the complexity of the Tax Act, anticipated future guidance from the U.S. Treasury and Internal Revenue Service and the potential for additional guidance from the SEC or the FASB, we are continuing to analyze the impact of the Tax Act. Additional work is necessary on the provisional amount related to the transition tax, which includes performing a more detailed analysis of historic foreign earnings and tax pools, foreign cash positions, and potential corresponding adjustments. We anticipate finalizing and recording any resulting adjustments from our analysis during the quarter ending December 31, 2018.

See Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements set forth in Item 8 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 for a summary of our other significant accounting policies.

 

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

The FASB previously issued five ASUs related to revenue recognition (“new revenue recognition guidance”). The ASUs issued were: (1) in May 2014, ASU 2014‑09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606);” (2) in March 2016, ASU 2016‑08, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net);” (3) in April 2016, ASU 2016‑10, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing;” (4) in May 2016, ASU 2016‑12, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-scope Improvements and Practical Expedients;” and (5) in December 2016, ASU 2016‑20, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue From Contracts with Customers.” As mentioned in Note 2, we adopted the new revenue recognition guidance in the first quarter of 2018 using the full retrospective transition method. This resulted in a cumulative adjustment of $94.6 million to the accumulated earnings balance reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2017, including an $87.9 million impact of adoption effective January 1, 2016 as well as the impact from restatements of full year statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 resulting in adjustments of $5.6 million and $1.1 million, respectively. The impact of the application of the new revenue recognition guidance resulted in an acceleration of revenues that were based, in part, on future contingent events. For example, some leasing commission revenues in various countries where we operate were recognized earlier. Under former GAAP, a portion of these lease commission revenues was deferred until a future contingency was

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

resolved (e.g., tenant move-in or payment of first month’s rent). Under the new revenue guidance, our performance obligation will be typically satisfied at lease signing and therefore the portion of the commission that is contingent on a future event has been recognized earlier if deemed probable that there will not be significant reversal in the future. The acceleration of the timing of revenue recognition also resulted in the acceleration of expense recognition relating to direct commissions payable to brokers. In addition, the acceleration of these revenues and expenses resulted in an increase in total assets and liabilities to reflect contract assets and accrued commissions payable.

We evaluated the impact of the updated principal versus agent guidance on our consolidated financial statements. Under former GAAP, certain third-party costs associated with our facilities and project management contracts were accounted for on a net basis because the contracts include provisions such as “pay when paid” that mitigate payment risk with respect to services provided by third parties to our clients. Under the new revenue recognition guidance, control of the services before transfer to the client is the primary factor in determining principal versus agent assessments. Payment risk is no longer a determining factor under Topic 606. We have determined that we control the services provided by third parties on behalf of certain of our facilities and project management clients. Accordingly, under the new guidance, we are accounting for the cost of services provided by third parties and the related reimbursement revenue on a gross basis.

The following table presents the effects of the adoption of the new revenue recognition guidance on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):

 

 

The following tables present the effects of the adoption of the new revenue recognition guidance on our consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 (dollars in thousands, except share amounts):

 

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

 

 

See Note 2 for further discussion of the effects of the adoption of ASU 2014-09 on our significant accounting policies.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016‑01, “Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.”  This ASU 2016-01 states that entities will have to measure equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method, those that result in consolidation of the investee and certain other investments) at fair value and recognize any changes in fair value in net income. Under the new guidance, entities will measure equity investments in the scope of the guidance at the end of each reporting period. We will no longer be able to classify equity investments as trading or available for sale, and will no longer recognize unrealized holding gains and losses on equity securities previously classified as available for sale in other comprehensive income (loss). However, the guidance for classifying and measuring investments in debt securities and loans is unchanged.  We adopted ASU 2016‑01 in the first quarter of 2018, which resulted in a cumulative adjustment to accumulated earnings of $4.0 million on January 1, 2018, representing the accumulated unrealized gains (net of tax) reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss for available for sale equity securities on December 31, 2017.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016‑15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments.”  This ASU addressed eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. We adopted ASU 2016‑15 in the first quarter of 2018.  This resulted in changes to our consolidated statement of cash flows included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, including:

 

 

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016‑18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash.”  This ASU requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash. We adopted ASU 2016-18 in the first quarter of 2018 and, as a result, restricted cash has been included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Pending Adoption

The FASB previously issued three ASUs related to leases. The ASUs issued were: (1) in February 2016, ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”, (2) in July 2018, ASU 2018-10, “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases” and (3) in July 2018, ASU 2018-11 “Target Improvements.” ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to recognize most leases on the balance sheet as liabilities, with corresponding right-of-use assets. For income statement recognition purposes, leases will be classified as either a finance or operating lease in a manner similar to the requirements under the current lease accounting literature, but without relying upon the bright-line tests. The amendments in ASU 2018-10 affect narrow aspects of the guidance issued in the amendments in ASU 2016-02. The amendments in ASU 2018-11 provide an optional method for adopting the new leasing guidance and provide lessors with a practical expedient to combine lease and associated non-lease components by class of underlying asset in contracts that meet certain criteria. These ASUs are effective for annual periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018.  We plan to adopt these ASUs in the first quarter of 2019 by using the optional transitional method with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings.  We have identified our lease populations and believe the adoption of the ASUs will have a material impact on our financial statements. Furthermore, we have decided to elect certain practical expedients afforded by the ASUs, including the expedient to forego separating lease and non-lease components in our lessee contracts, which will increase the magnitude of our balance sheet gross-up. While we continue to validate our lease data, we are progressing with the implementation and testing of our lease accounting system. 

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016‑13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326):  Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.”  This ASU is intended to improve financial reporting by requiring timelier recording of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments held by financial institutions and other organizations. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those years, with early adoption permitted. We are evaluating the effect that ASU 2016‑13 will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017‑04, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.”  This ASU eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. This ASU also eliminates the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those years, with early adoption permitted. We are evaluating the effect that ASU 2017‑04 will have on our goodwill assessment process, but do not believe the adoption of ASU 2017‑04 will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017‑08, “Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20), Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities.”  This ASU requires the premium to be amortized to the earliest call date. This ASU does not require an accounting change for securities held at a discount; the discount continues to be amortized to maturity. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those years, with early adoption permitted. We are evaluating the effect that ASU 2017‑08 will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017‑12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities.”  This ASU refines and expands hedge accounting for both financial and commodity risks. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those years, with early adoption permitted. We are evaluating the effect that ASU 2017‑12 will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018‑02, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.” This ASU provides an option to reclassify stranded tax effects within accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings in each period in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Act (or portion thereof) is recorded. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. We are evaluating the effect that ASU 2018‑02 will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, but do not expect it to have a material impact.

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018‑09, “Codification Improvements.” The amendments in ASU 2018-09 represent changes to clarify, correct errors in, or make minor improvements to the Codification, eliminating inconsistencies and providing clarifications in current guidance. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. We are evaluating the effect that ASU 2018‑09 will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, but do not expect it to have a material impact.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018‑13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.” This ASU eliminates, adds and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. As ASU 2018-13 only revises disclosure requirements, it will not have any impact on our consolidated financial statements. We are evaluating the effect, if any, that ASU 2018‑13 will have on our disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018‑14, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans.” This ASU makes minor changes to the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. This ASU is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. As ASU 2018-14 only revises disclosure requirements, it will not have any impact on our consolidated financial statements. We are evaluating the effect, if any, that ASU 2018‑14 will have on our disclosures.

On June 12, 2018, CBRE Jason Acquisition LLC (Merger Sub), our wholly-owned subsidiary, and FacilitySource Holdings, LLC (FacilitySource), WP X Finance, LP and Warburg Pincus X Partners, LP (collectively, the Stockholders) entered into a stock purchase agreement and plan of merger (the Merger Agreement).  As part of the Merger Agreement, (i) we purchased from the Stockholders all the outstanding shares of capital stock of FS WP Holdco, Inc (Blocker Corp), which owned 1,686,013 Class A units (the Blocker Units) and (ii) immediately following the acquisition of Blocker Corp, Merger Sub merged with FacilitySource, with FacilitySource continuing as the surviving company and our wholly-owned subsidiary within our Americas segment (the FacilitySource Acquisition), with the remaining Blocker Units not held by Blocker Corp. cancelled and converted into the right to receive cash consideration as set forth in the Merger Agreement. The estimated net initial purchase price was approximately $265.5 million, with $262.0 million paid in cash, plus adjustments for working capital and other items. We financed the transaction with cash on hand and borrowings under our revolving credit facility. We completed the FacilitySource Acquisition to help us (i) build a tech-enabled supply chain capability that is unique for the occupier outsourcing industry and (ii) drive meaningfully differentiated outcomes for leading occupiers of real estate.

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

The following represents a summary of the excess purchase price over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired (dollars in thousands):

 

 

The preliminary purchase accounting related to the FacilitySource Acquisition has been recorded in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The excess purchase price over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired has been recorded to goodwill. The goodwill arising from the FacilitySource Acquisition consists largely of the synergies and economies of scale expected from combining the operations acquired from FacilitySource with ours. We are currently assessing if any portion of the goodwill recorded in connection with the FacilitySource Acquisition will be deductible for tax purposes. Given the complexity of the transaction, the calculation of the fair value of certain assets and liabilities acquired, primarily intangible assets, computer software and income tax items, is still preliminary. The purchase price allocation is expected to be completed as soon as practicable, but no later than one year from the acquisition date. The following table summarizes the aggregate estimated fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed in the FacilitySource Acquisition (dollars in thousands):

 

The following is a summary of the preliminary estimate of the amortizable intangible assets and depreciable computer software acquired in connection with the FacilitySource Acquisition (dollars in thousands):

 

Upon close of the FacilitySource Acquisition, we immediately repaid the line of credit and term loan assumed from FacilitySource.

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

The accompanying consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2018 include revenue, an operating loss and a net loss of $54.9 million, ($2.2) million and ($1.6) million, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 include revenue, an operating loss and a net loss of $67.5 million, ($2.4) million and ($1.8) million, respectively, attributable to the FacilitySource Acquisition. This does not include direct transaction and integration costs of $4.4 million and $4.6 million and depreciation and amortization expense of $2.3 million and $2.9 million, respectively, related to computer software and intangible assets acquired, all of which were incurred during both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 in connection with the FacilitySource Acquisition.

Unaudited pro forma results, assuming the FacilitySource Acquisition had occurred as of January 1, 2017 for purposes of the pro forma disclosures for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, are presented below. They include certain adjustments for increased depreciation and amortization expense related to acquired computer software and intangible assets as well as increased interest expense associated with borrowings under our revolving credit facility used to fund the acquisition, as follows (dollars in thousands):

 

Pro forma adjustments also include the removal of $4.4 million and $4.6 million of direct costs incurred by us during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, as well as the tax impact of all pro forma adjustments for all periods presented. These unaudited pro forma results have been prepared for comparative purposes only and do not purport to be indicative of what operating results would have been had the FacilitySource Acquisition occurred on January 1, 2017 and may not be indicative of future operating results (dollars in thousands, except share data):

 

 

Our wholly-owned subsidiary CBRE Capital Markets, Inc. (CBRE Capital Markets) is a Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) approved Multifamily Program Plus Seller/Servicer and an approved Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) Aggregation and Negotiated Transaction Seller/Servicer. In addition, CBRE Capital Markets’ wholly-owned subsidiary CBRE Multifamily Capital, Inc. (CBRE MCI) is an approved Fannie Mae Delegated Underwriting and Servicing (DUS) Seller/Servicer and CBRE Capital Markets’ wholly-owned subsidiary CBRE HMF, Inc. (CBRE HMF) is a U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) approved Non-Supervised Federal Housing Authority (FHA) Title II Mortgagee, an approved Multifamily Accelerated Processing (MAP) lender and an approved Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae) issuer of mortgage-backed securities (MBS). Under these arrangements, before loans are originated through proceeds from warehouse lines of credit, we obtain either a contractual loan purchase commitment from either

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae or a confirmed forward trade commitment for the issuance and purchase of a Fannie Mae or Ginnie Mae MBS that will be secured by the loans. The warehouse lines of credit are generally repaid within a one-month period when Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae buys the loans or upon settlement of the Fannie Mae or Ginnie Mae MBS, while we retain the servicing rights. Loans are funded at the prevailing market rates. We elect the fair value option for all warehouse receivables. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, all of the warehouse receivables included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets were either under commitment to be purchased by Freddie Mac or had confirmed forward trade commitments for the issuance and purchase of Fannie Mae or Ginnie Mae mortgage-backed securities that will be secured by the underlying loans.

A rollforward of our warehouse receivables is as follows (dollars in thousands):

 

 

The following table is a summary of our warehouse lines of credit in place as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):

 

 

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we had a maximum of $2.3 billion of warehouse lines of credit principal outstanding.

 

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

We hold variable interests in certain VIEs in our Global Investment Management and Development Services segments which are not consolidated as it was determined that we are not the primary beneficiary. Our involvement with these entities is in the form of equity co-investments and fee arrangements.

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, our maximum exposure to loss related to VIEs which are not consolidated was as follows (dollars in thousands):

 

 

 

Topic 820 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Topic 820 also establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

There were no significant transfers in or out of Level 1 and Level 2 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. There have been no significant changes to the valuation techniques and inputs used to develop the recurring fair value measurements from those disclosed in our 2017 Annual Report.

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

The following tables present the fair value of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):

 

 

 

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded a gain of $92.6 million associated with remeasuring our 50% investment in a previously unconsolidated subsidiary in New England to fair value as of the date we acquired the remaining 50% controlling interest. Fair value of this investment in unconsolidated subsidiary at acquisition date was $110.1 million, based upon the purchase price paid for the remaining 50% interest acquired, excluding the estimated control premium paid, which falls under Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Such gain was reflected in other income in our Americas segment in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.  

 

There were no significant non-recurring fair value measurements recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

FASB ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments” requires disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Our financial instruments are as follows:

 

Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Our investment ownership percentages in equity method investments vary, generally ranging up to 5.0% in our Global Investment Management segment, up to 10.0% in our Development Services segment, and up to 50.0% in our other business segments.

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

Combined condensed financial information for the entities accounted for using the equity method is as follows (dollars in thousands):

 

 

Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consists of the following (dollars in thousands):

 

 

We maintain credit facilities with third-party lenders, which we use for a variety of purposes. On October 31, 2017, CBRE Services, Inc. (CBRE Services), our wholly-owned subsidiary, entered into a Credit Agreement (the 2017 Credit Agreement), which refinanced and replaced our prior credit agreement (the 2015 Credit Agreement). We used $200.0 million of borrowings from the tranche A term loan facility and $83.0 million of revolving credit facility borrowings under the 2017 Credit Agreement, in addition to cash on hand, to repay all amounts outstanding under the 2015 Credit Agreement.

The 2017 Credit Agreement is a senior unsecured credit facility that is jointly and severally guaranteed by us and certain of our subsidiaries. As of September 30, 2018, the 2017 Credit Agreement provided for the following: (1) a $2.8 billion revolving credit facility, which includes the capacity to obtain letters of credit and swingline loans and matures on October 31, 2022 and (2) a $750.0 million delayed draw tranche A term loan facility, requiring  quarterly principal payments, which began on March 5, 2018 and continue through maturity on October 31, 2022, provided that in the event that our leverage ratio (as defined in the 2017 Credit Agreement) is less than or equal to 2.50 to 1.00 on the last day of the fiscal quarter immediately preceding any such payment date, no such quarterly principal payment shall be required on such date.

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

On March 14, 2013, CBRE Services issued $800.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.00% senior notes due March 15, 2023. The 5.00% senior notes were unsecured obligations of CBRE Services, senior to all of its current and future subordinated indebtedness, but effectively subordinated to all of its current and future secured indebtedness. The 5.00% senior notes were jointly and severally guaranteed on a senior basis by us and each domestic subsidiary of CBRE Services that guaranteed our 2017 Credit Agreement. Interest accrued at a rate of 5.00% per year and was payable semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15. The 5.00% senior notes were redeemable at our option, in whole or in part, on March 15, 2018 at a redemption price of 102.5% of the principal amount on that date. We redeemed these notes in full on March 15, 2018 and incurred charges of $28.0 million, including a premium of $20.0 million and the write-off of $8.0 million of unamortized deferred financing costs. We funded this redemption with $550.0 million of borrowings from our tranche A term loan facility and borrowings from our revolving credit facility under our 2017 Credit Agreement. The amount of the 5.00% senior notes, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets was $791.7 million at December 31, 2017.

The indentures governing our 4.875% senior notes and 5.25% senior notes contain restrictive covenants that, among other things, limit our ability to create or permit liens on assets securing indebtedness, enter into sale/leaseback transactions and enter into consolidations or mergers. In addition, our 2017 Credit Agreement also requires us to maintain a minimum coverage ratio of consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the 2017 Credit Agreement) to consolidated interest expense of 2.00x and a maximum leverage ratio of total debt less available cash to consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the 2017 Credit Agreement) of 4.25x (and in the case of the first four full fiscal quarters following consummation of a qualified acquisition (as defined in the 2017 Credit Agreement), 4.75x) as of the end of each fiscal quarter. On this basis, our coverage ratio of consolidated EBITDA to consolidated interest expense was 18.62x for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2018, and our leverage ratio of total debt less available cash to consolidated EBITDA was 0.79x as of September 30, 2018.

Short-Term Borrowings

Revolving Credit Facility

As of September 30, 2018, $141.0 million was outstanding under the revolving credit facility. In addition, as of September 30, 2018, letters of credit totaling $2.0 million were outstanding under our revolving credit facility under our 2017 Credit Agreement. These letters of credit, which reduce the amount we may borrow under the revolving credit facility, were primarily issued in the ordinary course of business. As of December 31, 2017, no amounts were outstanding under the revolving credit facility other than letters of credit totaling $2.0 million.

Warehouse Lines of Credit

CBRE Capital Markets has warehouse lines of credit with third-party lenders for the purpose of funding mortgage loans that will be resold, and a funding arrangement with Fannie Mae for the purpose of selling a percentage of certain closed multifamily loans to Fannie Mae. These warehouse lines are recourse only to CBRE Capital Markets and are secured by our related warehouse receivables. See Note 5 for additional information.

 

We are a party to a number of pending or threatened lawsuits arising out of, or incident to, our ordinary course of business. We believe that any losses in excess of the amounts accrued therefor as liabilities on our financial statements are unlikely to be significant, but litigation is inherently uncertain and there is the potential for a material adverse effect on our financial statements if one or more matters are resolved in a particular period in an amount materially in excess of what we anticipated.

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

In January 2008, CBRE MCI, a wholly-owned subsidiary of CBRE Capital Markets, entered into an agreement with Fannie Mae under Fannie Mae’s Delegated Underwriting and Servicing Lender Program (DUS Program), to provide financing for multifamily housing with five or more units. Under the DUS Program, CBRE MCI originates, underwrites, closes and services loans without prior approval by Fannie Mae, and typically, is subject to sharing up to one-third of any losses on loans originated under the DUS Program. CBRE MCI has funded loans subject to such loss sharing arrangements with unpaid principal balances of $22.4 billion at September 30, 2018. CBRE MCI, under its agreement with Fannie Mae, must post cash reserves or other acceptable collateral under formulas established by Fannie Mae to provide for sufficient capital in the event losses occur. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, CBRE MCI had a $64.0 million and a $58.0 million, respectively, letter of credit under this reserve arrangement, and had recorded a liability of approximately $35.5 million and $32.9 million, respectively, for its loan loss guarantee obligation under such arrangement. Fannie Mae’s recourse under the DUS Program is limited to the assets of CBRE MCI, which assets totaled approximately $717.6 million (including $471.9 million of warehouse receivables, a substantial majority of which are pledged against warehouse lines of credit and are therefore not available to Fannie Mae) at September 30, 2018.

CBRE Capital Markets participates in Freddie Mac’s Multifamily Small Balance Loan (SBL) Program. Under the SBL program, CBRE Capital Markets has certain repurchase and loss reimbursement obligations. These obligations are for the period from origination of the loan to the securitization date. CBRE Capital Markets must post a cash reserve or other acceptable collateral to provide for sufficient capital in the event the obligations are triggered. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, CBRE Capital Markets had posted a $5.0 million letter of credit under this reserve arrangement.

We had outstanding letters of credit totaling $75.2 million as of September 30, 2018, excluding letters of credit for which we have outstanding liabilities already accrued on our consolidated balance sheet related to our subsidiaries’ outstanding reserves for claims under certain insurance programs as well as letters of credit related to operating leases. The CBRE Capital Markets letters of credit totaling $69.0 million as of September 30, 2018 referred to in the preceding paragraphs represented the majority of the $75.2 million outstanding letters of credit as of such date. The remaining letters of credit are primarily executed by us in the ordinary course of business and expire at varying dates through September 2019.

We had guarantees totaling $55.7 million as of September 30, 2018, excluding guarantees related to pension liabilities, consolidated indebtedness and other obligations for which we have outstanding liabilities already accrued on our consolidated balance sheet, and excluding guarantees related to operating leases. The $55.7 million primarily represents guarantees executed by us in the ordinary course of business, including various guarantees of management and vendor contracts in our operations overseas, which expire at the end of each of the respective agreements.

In addition, as of September 30, 2018, we had issued numerous non-recourse carveout, completion and budget guarantees relating to development projects for the benefit of third parties. These guarantees are commonplace in our industry and are made by us in the ordinary course of our Development Services business. Non-recourse carveout guarantees generally require that our project-entity borrower not commit specified improper acts, with us potentially liable for all or a portion of such entity’s indebtedness or other damages suffered by the lender if those acts occur. Completion and budget guarantees generally require us to complete construction of the relevant project within a specified timeframe and/or within a specified budget, with us potentially being liable for costs to complete in excess of such timeframe or budget. However, we generally use “guaranteed maximum price” contracts with reputable, bondable general contractors with respect to projects for which we provide these guarantees. These contracts are intended to pass the risk to such contractors. While there can be no assurance, we do not expect to incur any material losses under these guarantees.

An important part of the strategy for our Global Investment Management business involves investing our capital in certain real estate investments with our clients. These co-investments generally total up to 2.0% of the equity in a particular fund. As of September 30, 2018, we had aggregate commitments of $51.7 million to fund future co-investments.

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

Additionally, an important part of our Development Services business strategy is to invest in unconsolidated real estate subsidiaries as a principal (in most cases co-investing with our clients). As of September 30, 2018, we had committed to fund $23.6 million of additional capital to these unconsolidated subsidiaries.

 

The calculations of basic and diluted income per share attributable to CBRE Group, Inc. shareholders are as follows (dollars in thousands, except share data): 

 

 

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, 34,470 and 28,922, respectively, of contingently issuable shares were excluded from the computation of diluted income per share because their inclusion would have had an anti-dilutive effect.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, 384,775 and 1,141,522, respectively, of contingently issuable shares were excluded from the computation of diluted income per share because their inclusion would have had an anti-dilutive effect.

 

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

Disaggregated Revenue

The following tables represent a disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 by type of service and/or region (dollars in thousands):

 

 

 

 

 

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

 

 

 

 

Contract Assets and Liabilities

We had contract assets totaling $220.8 million ($159.9 million of which was current) and $330.9 million ($273.1 million of which was current) as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, our contract assets decreased by $110.1 million, primarily due to contract assets moving to accounts receivable in our occupier outsourcing business (due to at-risk and incentive fees becoming billable per the contract terms) and in our leasing business (billing of commissions).

We had contract liabilities totaling $97.3 million ($86.8 million of which was current) and $100.6 million (all of which was current) as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized revenue of $78.1 million that was included in the contract liability balance at December 31, 2017.

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

Contract Costs

Within our Occupier Outsourcing business line, we incur transition costs to fulfil contracts prior to services being rendered. We capitalized $10.5 million and $33.5 million, respectively, of transition costs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, and $6.9 million and $21.6 million, respectively, of transition costs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. We recorded amortization of transition costs of $5.4 million and $17.6 million, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and $5.2 million and $12.4 million, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. No impairment loss in relation to the costs capitalized was recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 or 2017.

 

We report our operations through the following segments: (1) Americas; (2) Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA); (3) Asia Pacific; (4) Global Investment Management; and (5) Development Services.

Summarized financial information by segment is as follows (dollars in thousands):

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA is the measure reported to the chief operating decision maker for purposes of making decisions about allocating resources to each segment and assessing performance of each segment. EBITDA represents earnings before net interest expense, write-off of financing costs on extinguished debt, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Amounts shown for adjusted EBITDA further remove (from EBITDA) the impact of certain cash and non-cash items related to acquisitions, costs associated with our planned reorganization, certain carried interest incentive compensation reversal to align with the timing of associated revenue and other non-recurring costs.

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

Adjusted EBITDA is calculated as follows (dollars in thousands):

 

 

 

Geographic Information

Revenue in the table below is allocated based upon the country in which services are performed (dollars in thousands):

 

 

 

On August 17, 2018, we announced a new organization structure that will become effective on January 1, 2019. Under the new structure, we will organize our operations around, and publicly report our financial results on, three global business segments: Advisory Services, Global Workplace Solutions and Real Estate Investments. For the remainder of 2018, we will continue to report our financial results under our existing business segments.

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

The following condensed consolidating financial information (dollars in thousands) includes condensed consolidating balance sheets as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 and condensed consolidating statements of operations and condensed consolidating statements of comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and condensed consolidating statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 of:

Investments in consolidated subsidiaries are presented using the equity method of accounting. The principal elimination entries eliminate investments in consolidated subsidiaries and intercompany balances and transactions.

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets

 

 

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets

 

 

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations

 

 

 

 

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations

 

 

 

 

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income

 

 

 

 

 

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income

 

 

 

 

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows

 

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CBRE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Unaudited)

 

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows

 

 

 

 

 

 

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This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Quarterly Report) for CBRE Group, Inc. for the three months ended September 30, 2018 represents an update to the more detailed and comprehensive disclosures included in our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2017. Accordingly, you should read the following discussion in conjunction with the information included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 as well as the unaudited financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

In addition, the statements and assumptions in this Quarterly Report that are not statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 or Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each as amended, including, in particular, statements about our plans, strategies and prospects as well as estimates of industry growth for the next quarter and beyond. For important information regarding these forward-looking statements, please see the discussion below under the caption “Cautionary Note on Forward-Looking Statements.”

Overview

CBRE Group, Inc. is a Delaware corporation. References to “the company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to CBRE Group, Inc. and include all of its consolidated subsidiaries, unless otherwise indicated or the context requires otherwise.

We are the world’s largest commercial real estate services and investment firm, based on 2017 revenue, with leading global market positions in our leasing, property sales, occupier outsourcing and valuation businesses. As of December 31, 2017, we operated in more than 450 offices worldwide with over 80,000 employees, excluding independent affiliates.

Our business is focused on providing services to both occupiers of and investors in real estate. For occupiers, we provide facilities management, project management, transaction (both property sales and leasing) and consulting services, among others. For investors, we provide capital markets (property sales, commercial mortgage brokerage, loan origination and servicing), leasing, investment management, property management, valuation and development services, among others. We provide commercial real estate services under the “CBRE” brand name, investment management services under the “CBRE Global Investors” brand name and development services under the “Trammell Crow Company” brand name.

Our revenue mix has shifted in recent years toward more contractual revenue as occupiers and investors increasingly prefer to purchase integrated, account-based services from firms that meet the full spectrum of their needs nationally and globally. We believe we are well-positioned to capture a growing share of this business. We generate revenue from both management fees (large multi-year portfolio and per-project contracts) and commissions on transactions. Our contractual, fee-for-services businesses generally involve occupier outsourcing (including facilities and project management), property management, investment management, appraisal/valuation and loan servicing). In addition, our leasing services business line is largely recurring in nature over time.

In 2017, we generated revenue from a highly diversified base of clients, including more than 90 of the Fortune 100 companies. We have been an S&P 500 company since 2006 and in 2018 we were ranked #207 on the Fortune 500. We have been voted the most recognized commercial real estate brand in a Lipsey Company survey for 17 years in a row (including 2018). We have also been rated a World’s Most Ethical Company by the Ethisphere Institute for five consecutive years.

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Critical Accounting Policies

Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP, which require us to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts. The estimates and assumptions are based on historical experience and on other factors that we believe to be reasonable. Actual results may differ from those estimates. Critical accounting policies represent the areas where more significant judgments and estimates are used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. A discussion of such critical accounting policies, which include revenue recognition, goodwill and other intangible assets, and income taxes can be found in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. There have been no material changes to these policies as of September 30, 2018, except for the adoption of new revenue recognition guidance in the first quarter of 2018 and an update to our estimate of the U.S. federal and state tax impact of the transition tax related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act). For a detailed discussion of our new revenue recognition policies and updates to income taxes, see Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) set forth in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

New Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) set forth in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

Seasonality

A significant portion of our revenue is seasonal, which an investor should keep in mind when comparing our financial condition and results of operations on a quarter-by-quarter basis. Historically, our revenue, operating income, net income and cash flow from operating activities tend to be lowest in the first quarter, and highest in the fourth quarter of each year. Revenue, earnings and cash flow have generally been concentrated in the fourth calendar quarter due to the focus on completing sales, financing and leasing transactions prior to year-end.

Inflation

Our commissions and other variable costs related to revenue are primarily affected by commercial real estate market supply and demand, which may be affected by inflation. However, to date, we do not believe that general inflation has had a material impact upon our operations.

Items Affecting Comparability

When you read our financial statements and the information included in this Quarterly Report, you should consider that we have experienced, and continue to experience, several material trends and uncertainties that have affected our financial condition and results of operations that make it challenging to predict our future performance based on our historical results. We believe that the following material trends and uncertainties are crucial to an understanding of the variability in our historical earnings and cash flows and the potential for continued variability in the future.

Macroeconomic Conditions

Economic trends and government policies affect global and regional commercial real estate markets as well as our operations directly. These include: overall economic activity and employment growth; interest rate levels and changes in interest rates; the cost and availability of credit; and the impact of tax and regulatory policies. Periods of economic weakness or recession, significantly rising interest rates, fiscal uncertainty, declining employment levels, decreasing demand for commercial real estate, falling real estate values, disruption to the global capital or credit markets, or the public perception that any of these events may occur, will negatively affect the performance of our business.

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Compensation is our largest expense and our sales and leasing professionals generally are paid on a commission and/or bonus basis that correlates with their revenue production. As a result, the negative effect of difficult market conditions on our operating margins is partially mitigated by the inherent variability of our compensation cost structure. In addition, when negative economic conditions have been particularly severe, we have moved decisively to lower operating expenses to improve financial performance, and then have restored certain expenses as economic conditions improved. Nevertheless, adverse global and regional economic trends could pose significant risks to the performance of our operations and our financial condition.

Commercial real estate markets in the United States have generally been marked by increased demand for space, falling vacancies and higher rents since 2010. During this time, healthy U.S. property sales activity has been sustained by gradually improving market fundamentals, including higher occupancy rates and rents, broad, low-cost credit availability and increased institutional capital allocations to commercial real estate. Following years of strong growth, U.S. property sales volumes slowed in 2016 and 2017, but have improved modestly thus far in 2018 as significant capital continues to target commercial real estate, and the availability of relatively low-cost financing remains plentiful. The market for commercial real estate leasing has also remained strong, reflecting healthy economic growth.

European countries began to emerge from recession in 2013, with economic growth improving in 2017 and 2018. Sales and leasing activity have also improved steadily across most of continental Europe for more than three years. Leasing demand has remained strong, though sales market volumes have been relatively flat thus far in 2018. Since the United Kingdom’s June 2016 referendum to leave the European Union (EU), sentiment in that country has improved. While steady progress continues to be made regarding the United Kingdom’s long-term relationship with the EU, the absence of an agreement as the March 2019 deadline draws closer has contributed to uncertainty more recently.

In Asia Pacific, real estate leasing and investment markets have been active since late 2016. Leasing activity has continued to grow solidly in 2018, while investment levels have cooled as investors became more cautious. However, Asia Pacific investors remain a significant source of real estate investment both in the region and across other parts of the world.

Real estate investment management and property development markets have been generally favorable with abundant debt and equity capital flows into commercial real estate. Actively managed real estate equity strategies have been pressured by a shift in investor preferences from active to passive portfolio strategies and concerns about higher interest rates.

The performance of our global real estate services and real estate investment businesses depends on sustained economic growth and job creation; stable, healthy global credit markets; and continued positive business and investor sentiment.

Effects of Acquisitions

We historically have made significant use of strategic acquisitions to add and enhance service competencies around the world. On June 12, 2018, CBRE Jason Acquisition LLC (Merger Sub), our wholly-owned subsidiary, and FacilitySource Holdings, LLC (FacilitySource), WP X Finance, LP and Warburg Pincus X Partners, LP (collectively, the Stockholders) entered into a stock purchase agreement and plan of merger (the Merger Agreement).  As part of the Merger Agreement, (i) we purchased from the Stockholders all the outstanding shares of capital stock of FS WP Holdco, Inc (Blocker Corp), which owned 1,686,013 Class A units (the Blocker Units) and (ii) immediately following the acquisition of Blocker Corp, Merger Sub merged with FacilitySource, with FacilitySource continuing as the surviving company and our wholly-owned subsidiary within our Americas segment (the FacilitySource Acquisition), with the remaining Blocker Units not held by Blocker Corp. cancelled and converted into the right to receive cash consideration as set forth in the Merger Agreement. The estimated net initial purchase price was approximately $265.5 million, with $262.0 million paid in cash, plus adjustments for working capital and other items. We financed the transaction with cash on hand and borrowings under our revolving credit facility. We completed the FacilitySource Acquisition to help us (i) build a tech-enabled supply chain capability that is unique for the occupier outsourcing industry and (ii) drive meaningfully differentiated outcomes for leading occupiers of real estate.

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Strategic in-fill acquisitions have also played a key role in strengthening our service offerings. The companies we acquired have generally been regional or specialty firms that complement our existing platform, or independent affiliates in which, in some cases, we held a small equity interest. During 2017, we completed 11 in-fill acquisitions, including two leading Software as a Service (SaaS) platforms – one that produces scalable interactive visualization technologies for commercial real estate and one that provides technology solutions for facilities management operations, a healthcare-focused project manager in Australia, a full-service brokerage and management boutique in South Florida, a technology-enabled national boutique commercial real estate finance and consulting firm in the United States, a retail consultancy in France, a majority interest in a Toronto-based investment management business specializing in private infrastructure and private equity investments, a San Francisco-based technology-focused boutique real estate brokerage firm, a project management and design engineering firm operating across the United States, a Washington, D.C.-based retail brokerage operation and a leading technical engineering services provider in Italy. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we acquired a retail leasing and property management firm in Australia, two firms in Israel (our former affiliate and a majority interest in a local facilities management provider), a commercial real estate services provider in San Antonio, a provider of real estate and facilities consulting services to healthcare companies across the United States and the remaining 50% equity interest in our longstanding New England joint venture.

We believe that strategic acquisitions can significantly decrease the cost, time and commitment of management resources necessary to attain a meaningful competitive position within targeted markets or to expand our presence within our current markets. In general, however, most acquisitions will initially have an adverse impact on our operating and net income as a result of transaction-related expenditures. These include severance, lease termination, transaction and deferred financing costs, among others, and the charges and costs of integrating the acquired business and its financial and accounting systems into our own.

Our acquisition structures often include deferred and/or contingent purchase price payments in future periods that are subject to the passage of time or achievement of certain performance metrics and other conditions. As of September 30, 2018, we have accrued deferred consideration totaling $148.2 million, which is included in accounts payable and accrued expenses and in other long-term liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets set forth in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

International Operations

We are monitoring the economic and political developments related to the United Kingdom’s referendum to leave the European Union and the potential impact on our businesses in the United Kingdom and the rest of Europe, including, in particular, sales and leasing activity in the United Kingdom, as well as any associated currency volatility impact on our results of operations.

As we continue to increase our international operations through either acquisitions or organic growth, fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to the other currencies in which we may generate earnings could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results. Our Global Investment Management business has a significant amount of euro-denominated assets under management, or AUM, as well as associated revenue and earnings in Europe. In addition, our Global Workplace Solutions business also has a significant amount of its revenue and earnings denominated in foreign currencies, such as the euro and the British pound sterling. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates have resulted and may continue to result in corresponding fluctuations in our AUM, revenue and earnings.

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During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, approximately 43% of our business was transacted in non-U.S. dollar currencies, the majority of which included the Australian dollar, Brazilian real, British pound sterling, Canadian dollar, Chinese yuan, Danish krone, euro, Hong Kong dollar, Indian rupee, Japanese yen, Korean won, Mexican peso, New Zealand dollar, Polish zloty, Singapore dollar, Swedish krona, Swiss franc and Thai baht. The following table sets forth our revenue derived from our most significant currencies (U.S. dollars in thousands):

 

 

Although we operate globally, we report our results in U.S. dollars. As a result, the strengthening or weakening of the U.S. dollar may positively or negatively impact our reported results. For example, we estimate that had the British pound sterling-to-U.S. dollar exchange rates been 10% higher during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the net impact would have been an increase in pre-tax income of $4.3 million. Had the euro-to-U.S. dollar exchange rates been 10% higher during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the net impact would have been an increase in pre-tax income of $8.7 million. These hypothetical calculations estimate the impact of translating results into U.S. dollars and do not include an estimate of the impact that a 10% change in the U.S. dollar against other currencies would have had on our foreign operations.

Due to the constantly changing currency exposures to which we are subject and the volatility of currency exchange rates, we cannot predict the effect of exchange rate fluctuations upon future operating results. In addition, fluctuations in currencies relative to the U.S. dollar may make it more difficult to perform period-to-period comparisons of our reported results of operations. Our international operations also are subject to, among other things, political instability and changing regulatory environments, which affects the currency markets and which as a result may adversely affect our future financial condition and results of operations. We routinely monitor these risks and related costs and evaluate the appropriate amount of oversight to allocate towards business activities in foreign countries where such risks and costs are particularly significant.

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Results of Operations

The following table sets forth items derived from our consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

 

 

Fee revenue, EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA are not recognized measurements under GAAP. When analyzing our operating performance, investors should use these measures in addition to, and not as an alternative for, their most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. We generally use these non-GAAP financial measures to evaluate operating performance and for other discretionary purposes. We believe these measures provide a more complete understanding of ongoing operations, enhance comparability of current results to prior periods and may be useful for investors to analyze our financial performance because they eliminate the impact of selected charges that may obscure trends in the underlying performance of our business. Because not all companies use identical calculations, our presentation of fee revenue, EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies.

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Fee revenue is gross revenue less both client reimbursed costs largely associated with employees that are dedicated to client facilities and subcontracted vendor work performed for clients. We believe that investors may find this measure useful to analyze the company’s overall financial performance because it excludes costs reimbursable by clients, and as such provides greater visibility into the underlying performance of our business.

EBITDA represents earnings before net interest expense, write-off of financing costs on extinguished debt, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Amounts shown for adjusted EBITDA further remove (from EBITDA) the impact of certain cash and non-cash items related to acquisitions, costs associated with our planned reorganization, certain carried interest incentive compensation reversal to align with the timing of associated revenue and other non-recurring costs. We believe that investors may find these measures useful in evaluating our operating performance compared to that of other companies in our industry because their calculations generally eliminate the effects of acquisitions, which would include impairment charges of goodwill and intangibles created from acquisitions, the effects of financings and income taxes and the accounting effects of capital spending.

EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA are not intended to be measures of free cash flow for our discretionary use because they do not consider certain cash requirements such as tax and debt service payments. These measures may also differ from the amounts calculated under similarly titled definitions in our debt instruments, which amounts are further adjusted to reflect certain other cash and non-cash charges and are used by us to determine compliance with financial covenants therein and our ability to engage in certain activities, such as incurring additional debt and making certain restricted payments. We also use adjusted EBITDA as a significant component when measuring our operating performance under our employee incentive compensation programs.

EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA are calculated as follows (dollars in thousands):

 

 

 

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Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017

We reported consolidated net income of $290.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 on revenue of $5.3 billion as compared to consolidated net income of $199.1 million on revenue of $4.6 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2017.

Our revenue on a consolidated basis for the three months ended September 30, 2018 increased by $622.4 million, or 13.4%, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017. The revenue increase reflects strong organic growth fueled by higher occupier outsourcing revenue (up 16.3%) and property management revenue (up 6.6%) as well as increased leasing (up 18.4%), sales (up 5.0%) and commercial mortgage origination activity (up 21.6%). Foreign currency translation had a $51.4 million negative impact on total revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2018, primarily driven by weakness in the Argentine peso, Australian dollar, Brazilian real, Canadian dollar and Indian rupee.

Our cost of services on a consolidated basis increased by $500.6 million, or 13.9%, during the three months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017. This increase was primarily due to higher costs associated with our occupier outsourcing business. In addition, our sales professionals generally are paid on a commission basis, which substantially correlates with our transaction revenue performance. Accordingly, the increase in sales and lease transaction revenue led to a corresponding increase in commission expense. These items were partially offset by the impact of foreign currency translation, which had a $41.1 million positive impact on total cost of services during the three months ended September 30, 2018. Cost of services as a percentage of revenue was relatively consistent at 77.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 versus 77.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2017.

Our operating, administrative and other expenses on a consolidated basis increased by $154.1 million, or 21.9%, during the three months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017. The increase was mostly driven by higher payroll-related costs (including increases in bonus and stock compensation expense) as well as increases in consulting, marketing and occupancy costs. During the third quarter of 2018, we also incurred $12.8 million of severance costs in connection with our planned reorganization and $8.9 million of costs as a result of a litigation settlement, which partially contributed to operating expenses as a percentage of revenue increasing to 16.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 versus 15.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2017. Higher bonus expense in our Development Services segment with no corresponding increase in revenue (as bonus expense was attributable to an increase in equity income from unconsolidated subsidiaries) also led to operating expenses as a percentage of revenue being higher in the current year. Foreign currency translation had a $7.2 million positive impact on total operating expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2018.

Our depreciation and amortization expense on a consolidated basis increased by $10.9 million, or 10.6%, during the three months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017. This increase was primarily attributable to a rise in depreciation expense of $7.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2018 driven by technology-related capital expenditures. Higher amortization expense associated with mortgage servicing rights also contributed to the increase.

Our equity income from unconsolidated subsidiaries on a consolidated basis increased by $59.0 million, or 87.0%, during the three months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017, primarily driven by higher equity earnings associated with gains on property sales reported in our Development Services segment.

Our other income on a consolidated basis was $95.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to $1.8 million for the same period in 2017. Included in other income for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was a one-time gain of $92.6 million associated with remeasuring our investment in a previously unconsolidated subsidiary in New England to fair value as of the date we acquired the remaining controlling interest.

Our consolidated interest expense decreased by $7.8 million, or 22.7%, for the three months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017. This decrease was primarily driven by the early redemption, in full, of the $800.0 million aggregate outstanding principal amount of our 5.00% senior notes in the first quarter of 2018.

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Our provision for income taxes on a consolidated basis was $95.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to $77.1 million for the same period in 2017. Our effective tax rate, after adjusting pre-tax income to remove the portion attributable to non-controlling interests, decreased to 24.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 27.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2017. We benefited from a lower U.S. corporate tax rate, with such rate being 35% in 2017 versus 21% in 2018. The effect of the decrease in the U.S. corporate tax rate was partially offset by discrete tax benefits for the three months ended September 30, 2017 from the re-measurement of income tax exposures relating to prior periods with no similar items for the three months ended September 30, 2018.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017

We reported consolidated net income of $669.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 on revenue of $15.0 billion as compared to consolidated net income of $537.9 million on revenue of $13.1 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Our revenue on a consolidated basis for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 increased by $1.9 billion, or 14.6%, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The revenue increase reflects strong organic growth fueled by higher occupier outsourcing revenue (up 14.4%) and property management revenue (up 6.7%), increased leasing (up 14.6%), sales (up 4.4%) and commercial mortgage origination activity (up 20.5%) and higher revenue from our Global Investment Management segment (up 10.7%). In addition, foreign currency translation had a $229.8 million positive impact on total revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, primarily driven by strength in the British pound sterling and euro.

Our cost of services on a consolidated basis increased by $1.5 billion, or 15.0%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017. This increase was primarily due to higher costs associated with our occupier outsourcing business. In addition, as previously mentioned, our sales professionals generally are paid on a commission basis, which substantially correlates with our transaction revenue performance. Accordingly, the increase in sales and lease transaction revenue led to a corresponding increase in commission expense. Lastly, foreign currency translation had a $174.2 million negative impact on total cost of services during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Cost of services as a percentage of revenue was relatively consistent at 77.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 versus 77.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Our operating, administrative and other expenses on a consolidated basis increased by $393.4 million, or 19.4%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017. The increase was mostly driven by higher payroll-related costs (including increases in bonus and stock compensation expense), higher carried interest expense and increases in consulting, marketing and occupancy costs. During the first nine months of 2018, we also incurred $12.8 million of severance costs in connection with our planned reorganization and $8.9 million of costs as a result of a litigation settlement, the impact of which was mostly offset by lower integration and other costs associated with acquisitions. Foreign currency translation also had a $43.6 million negative impact on total operating expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Operating expenses as a percentage of revenue increased from 15.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 to 16.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, partially driven by higher bonus expense in our Development Services segment with no corresponding increase in revenue (as bonus expense was attributable to an increase in equity income from unconsolidated subsidiaries).

Our depreciation and amortization expense on a consolidated basis increased by $38.0 million, or 12.8%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017. This increase was primarily attributable to a rise in depreciation expense of $20.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 driven by technology-related capital expenditures. Higher amortization expense associated with mortgage servicing rights and intangibles acquired in acquisitions also contributed to the increase.

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Our equity income from unconsolidated subsidiaries on a consolidated basis increased by $104.8 million, or 66.2%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017, primarily driven by higher equity earnings associated with gains on property sales reported in our Development Services segment.

Our other income on a consolidated basis was $95.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to $9.1 million for the same period in 2017. Included in other income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was a one-time gain of $92.6 million associated with remeasuring our investment in a previously unconsolidated subsidiary in New England to fair value as of the date we acquired the remaining controlling interest.

Our consolidated interest expense decreased by $21.5 million, or 20.7%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. This decrease was primarily driven by the early redemption, in full, of the $800.0 million aggregate outstanding principal amount of our 5.00% senior notes in the first quarter of 2018.

Our write-off of financing costs on extinguished debt on a consolidated basis was $28.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. These costs included a $20.0 million premium paid and the write-off of $8.0 million of unamortized deferred financing costs in connection with the early redemption, in full, of the $800.0 million aggregate outstanding principal amount of our 5.00% senior notes.

Our provision for income taxes on a consolidated basis was $211.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to $200.8 million for the same period in 2017. Our effective tax rate, after adjusting pre-tax income to remove the portion attributable to non-controlling interests, decreased to 24.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 27.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. We benefited from a lower U.S. corporate tax rate, with such rate being 35% in 2017 versus 21% in 2018. The effect of the decrease in the U.S. corporate tax rate was partially offset by discrete tax benefits for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from the re-measurement of income tax exposures relating to prior periods with no similar items for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Segment Operations

On August 17, 2018, we announced a new organization structure that will become effective on January 1, 2019. Under the new structure, we will organize our operations around, and publicly report our financial results on, three global business segments: Advisory Services, Global Workplace Solutions and Real Estate Investments. For the remainder of 2018, we will continue to report our financial results under our existing business segments.

As of September 30, 2018, we report our operations through the following segments: (1) Americas; (2) Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA); (3) Asia Pacific; (4) Global Investment Management; and (5) Development Services. The Americas consists of operations located in the United States, Canada and key markets in Latin America. EMEA mainly consists of operations in Europe, while Asia Pacific includes operations in Asia, Australia and New Zealand. The Global Investment Management business consists of investment management operations in North America, Europe and Asia Pacific. The Development Services business consists of real estate development and investment activities primarily in the United States.

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Americas

The following table summarizes our results of operations for our Americas operating segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

 

 

Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017

Revenue increased by $341.1 million, or 11.6%, for the three months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017. The revenue increase reflects strong organic growth fueled by higher occupier outsourcing and property management revenue as well as improved sales, leasing and commercial mortgage origination activity. Foreign currency translation had a $23.6 million negative impact on total revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2018, primarily driven by weakness in the Argentine peso, Brazilian real and Canadian dollar.

Cost of services increased by $264.0 million, or 11.2%, for the three months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017, primarily due to higher costs associated with our occupier outsourcing business. Also contributing to the variance was higher commission expense resulting from improved sales and lease transaction revenue. Foreign currency translation had a $19.2 million positive impact on total cost of services during the three months ended September 30, 2018. Cost of services as a percentage of revenue was relatively consistent at 80.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 versus 80.4% for the same period in 2017.

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Operating, administrative and other expenses increased by $87.7 million, or 25.8%, for the three months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017. The increase was partly driven by higher payroll-related costs (including increases in bonus and stock compensation expense) as well as increases in consulting, marketing and occupancy costs. During the third quarter of 2018, we also incurred $10.6 million of severance costs in connection with our planned reorganization and $8.9 million of costs as a result of a litigation settlement. Foreign currency translation had a $3.3 million positive impact on total operating expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2018.

We earn fees from the origination and sale of commercial mortgage loans for which the company retains the servicing rights. Upon origination of a mortgage loan held for sale, the fair value of the mortgage servicing rights (MSR) to be retained is included in the forecasted proceeds from the anticipated loan sale and results in a net gain (which is reflected in revenue). Upon sale, we record a servicing asset or liability based on the fair value of the retained MSR associated with the transferred loan. Subsequent to the initial recording, MSRs are amortized (within amortization expense) and carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value in other intangible assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. They are amortized in proportion to and over the estimated period that the servicing income is expected to be received. For the three months ended September 30, 2018, MSRs contributed to operating income $45.6 million of gains recognized in conjunction with the origination and sale of mortgage loans, offset by $30.3 million of amortization of related intangible assets. For the three months ended September 30, 2017, MSRs contributed to operating income $35.4 million of gains recognized in conjunction with the origination and sale of mortgage loans, offset by $25.8 million of amortization of related intangible assets.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017

Revenue increased by $865.6 million, or 10.3%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The revenue increase reflects strong organic growth fueled by higher occupier outsourcing and property management revenue as well as improved sales, leasing and commercial mortgage origination activity. Foreign currency translation had a $15.4 million negative impact on total revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, primarily driven by weakness in the Argentine peso and Brazilian real, partially offset by strength in the Canadian dollar.

Cost of services increased by $683.1 million, or 10.2%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017, primarily due to higher costs associated with our occupier outsourcing business. Also contributing to the variance was higher commission expense resulting from improved sales and lease transaction revenue. Foreign currency translation had a $13.2 million positive impact on total cost of services during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Cost of services as a percentage of revenue was consistent at 79.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 versus 80.0% for the same period in 2017.

Operating, administrative and other expenses increased by $154.3 million, or 15.2%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase was partly driven by higher payroll-related costs (including increases in bonus and stock compensation expense) as well as increases in consulting, marketing and occupancy costs. During the first nine months of 2018, we also incurred $10.6 million of severance costs in connection with our planned reorganization and $8.9 million of costs as a result of a litigation settlement, the impact of which was partly offset by lower integration and other costs associated with acquisitions. Foreign currency translation had a $2.6 million positive impact on total operating expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, MSRs contributed to operating income $117.0 million of gains recognized in conjunction with the origination and sale of mortgage loans, offset by $83.8 million of amortization of related intangible assets. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, MSRs contributed to operating income $96.0 million of gains recognized in conjunction with the origination and sale of mortgage loans, offset by $72.5 million of amortization of related intangible assets.

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EMEA

The following table summarizes our results of operations for our EMEA operating segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

 

 

Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017

Revenue increased by $242.7 million, or 22.3%, for the three months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017. We achieved strong organic growth fueled by higher occupier outsourcing revenue as well as higher sales and leasing activity. Foreign currency translation had a $9.0 million negative impact on total revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2018, primarily driven by weakness in the euro, the Swedish krona and the Turkish lira.

Cost of services increased by $212.2 million, or 24.7%, for the three months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017, primarily due to higher costs associated with our occupier outsourcing business. Cost of services as a percentage of revenue increased from 78.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 to 80.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2018, primarily driven by our revenue mix, with outsourcing revenue, which has a lower margin than sales and lease revenue, comprising a higher percentage of revenue than in the prior year. Foreign currency translation had a $7.6 million positive impact on total cost of services during the three months ended September 30, 2018.

Operating, administrative and other expenses increased by $24.8 million, or 15.6%, for the three months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017. This increase was primarily driven by higher payroll-related costs (including increased bonus expense) as well as increases in marketing and occupancy costs. Foreign currency translation also had a $0.8 million positive impact on total operating expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2018.

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017

Revenue increased by $818.8 million, or 27.2%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017. We achieved strong organic growth fueled by higher occupier outsourcing revenue as well as higher sales and leasing activity. Foreign currency translation also had a $215.4 million positive impact on total revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, primarily driven by strength in the British pound sterling and euro.

Cost of services increased by $703.6 million, or 29.6%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017, primarily due to higher costs associated with our occupier outsourcing business. In addition, foreign currency translation had a $173.0 million negative impact on total cost of services during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Cost of services as a percentage of revenue increased from 79.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 to 80.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, primarily driven by our revenue mix, with outsourcing revenue, which has a lower margin than sales and lease revenue, comprising a higher percentage of revenue than in the prior year.

Operating, administrative and other expenses increased by $102.2 million, or 21.9%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017. This increase was primarily driven by higher payroll-related costs (including increased bonus expense) and increases in marketing and occupancy costs. Foreign currency translation also had a $34.1 million negative impact on total operating expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Asia Pacific

The following table summarizes our results of operations for our Asia Pacific operating segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

 

 

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Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017

Revenue increased by $28.0 million, or 5.6%, for the three months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017. The revenue increase reflects strong organic growth, fueled by higher occupier outsourcing and property management revenue as well as improved leasing activity. These increases were partially offset by lower sales activity as well as foreign currency translation, which had an $18.5 million negative impact on total revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2018, primarily driven by weakness in the Australian dollar and Indian rupee.

Cost of services increased by $24.4 million, or 6.5%, for the three months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017, driven by higher costs associated with our occupier outsourcing and property management businesses. Cost of services as a percentage of revenue increased from 74.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 to 75.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2018, primarily driven by our revenue mix. Outsourcing revenue, which has a lower margin than sales revenue, comprised a higher percentage of revenue than in the prior year, while sales revenue comprised a lower percentage of revenue than in the prior year. Foreign currency translation had a $14.3 million positive impact on total cost of services during the three months ended September 30, 2018.

Operating, administrative and other expenses increased by $5.6 million, or 6.7%, for the three months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017. We incurred higher payroll-related costs as well as increases in marketing, occupancy and travel costs during the three months ended September 30, 2018. Unfavorable foreign currency transaction activity of $3.5 million was largely offset by foreign currency translation, which had a $2.7 million positive impact on total operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2018.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017

Revenue increased by $171.4 million, or 12.3%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The revenue increase reflects strong organic growth, fueled by higher occupier outsourcing and property management revenue as well as improved leasing activity. In addition, foreign currency translation had an $18.0 million positive impact on total revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, primarily driven by strength in the Chinese yuan, Japanese yen and Singapore dollar, partially offset by weakness in the Indian rupee. These increases were slightly offset by lower sales activity.

Cost of services increased by $136.6 million, or 13.0%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017, primarily driven by higher costs associated with our occupier outsourcing and property management businesses. In addition, foreign currency translation had a $14.4 million negative impact on total cost of services during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Cost of services as a percentage of revenue increased from 75.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 to 76.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, primarily driven by our revenue mix. Outsourcing revenue, which has a lower margin than sales revenue, comprised a higher percentage of revenue than in the prior year, while sales revenue comprised a lower percentage of revenue than in the prior year.

Operating, administrative and other expenses increased by $27.7 million, or 12.0%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017. We incurred higher payroll-related costs (including increased bonus expense) as well as increases in marketing, occupancy and travel costs during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Foreign currency activity also had an overall negative impact of $10.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, due to unfavorable foreign currency transaction activity of $7.2 million and a $3.1 million negative impact from foreign currency translation.

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Global Investment Management

The following table summarizes our results of operations for our Global Investment Management operating segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

 

 

Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017

Revenue was relatively consistent at $93.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 versus $92.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017. Foreign currency translation had a $0.3 million negative impact on total revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2018, primarily driven by weakness in the euro.

Operating, administrative and other expenses increased by $14.6 million, or 19.1%, for the three months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017, primarily driven by higher payroll-related costs (including bonuses). During the third quarter of 2018, we also incurred $1.9 million of severance costs in connection with our planned reorganization. Foreign currency translation had a $0.4 million positive impact on total operating expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2018.

A roll forward of our AUM by product type for the three months ended September 30, 2018 is as follows (dollars in billions):

 

 

AUM generally refers to the properties and other assets with respect to which we provide (or participate in) oversight, investment management services and other advice, and which generally consist of real estate properties or loans, securities portfolios and investments in operating companies and joint ventures. Our AUM is intended principally to reflect the extent of our presence in the real estate market, not the basis for determining our management fees. Our assets under management consist of:

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Our calculation of AUM may differ from the calculations of other asset managers, and as a result, this measure may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other asset managers.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017

Revenue increased by $41.2 million, or 15.0%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017, primarily driven by higher asset management and incentive fees as well higher carried interest revenue. Foreign currency translation also had an $11.8 million positive impact on total revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, primarily driven by strength in the British pound sterling and euro. These items were partially offset by lower acquisition fees in the current year.

Operating, administrative and other expenses increased by $59.0 million, or 29.6%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017, primarily driven by higher carried interest expense as well as higher payroll-related costs (including bonuses). Additionally, foreign currency translation had a $9.0 million negative impact on total operating expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. During the first nine months of 2018, we also incurred $1.9 million of severance costs in connection with our planned reorganization.

A roll forward of our AUM by product type for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 is as follows (dollars in billions):

 

 

We describe above how we calculate AUM. Also, as noted above, our calculation of AUM may differ from the calculations of other asset managers, and as a result, this measure may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other asset managers.

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Development Services

The following table summarizes our results of operations for our Development Services operating segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

 

 

Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017

Revenue increased by $9.6 million, or 59.8%, for the three months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017, primarily driven by higher development and incentive fees during the three months ended September 30, 2018.

Operating, administrative and other expenses increased by $21.5 million, or 45.7%, for the three months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017. This increase was primarily driven by higher payroll-related costs, particularly increased bonus expense during the three months ended September 30, 2018 due to improved performance (property sales reflected in equity income from unconsolidated subsidiaries were significantly higher during the three months ended September 30, 2018).

As of September 30, 2018, development projects in process totaled $8.8 billion, up $0.8 billion from second-quarter 2018. The pipeline decreased by $0.3 billion during the third quarter to $3.6 billion.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017

Revenue increased by $20.2 million, or 42.7%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017, primarily driven by higher development and incentive fees during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Operating, administrative and other expenses increased by $50.2 million, or 43.5%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017. This increase was primarily driven by higher payroll-related costs, particularly increased bonus expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 due to improved performance (property sales reflected in equity income from unconsolidated subsidiaries were significantly higher during the nine months ended September 30, 2018).

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

We believe that we can satisfy our working capital and funding requirements with internally generated cash flow and, as necessary, borrowings under our revolving credit facility. Our expected capital requirements for 2018 include up to approximately $180 million of anticipated capital expenditures, net of tenant concessions. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we incurred $129.0 million of capital expenditures, net of tenant concessions received. As of September 30, 2018, we had aggregate commitments of $51.7 million to fund future co-investments in our Global Investment Management business, $20.2 million of which is expected to be funded in 2018. Additionally, as of September 30, 2018, we are committed to fund $23.6 million of additional capital to unconsolidated subsidiaries within our Development Services business, which we may be required to fund at any time. As of September 30, 2018, we had $2.7 billion of borrowings available under our $2.8 billion revolving credit facility.

We have historically relied on our internally generated cash flow and our revolving credit facility to fund our working capital, capital expenditure and general investment requirements (including strategic in-fill acquisitions) and have not sought other external sources of financing to help fund these requirements. In the absence of extraordinary events or a large strategic acquisition, we anticipate that our cash flow from operations and our revolving credit facility would be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash requirements for the foreseeable future, and at a minimum for the next 12 months. We may seek to take advantage of market opportunities to refinance existing debt instruments, as we have done in the past, with new debt instruments at interest rates, maturities and terms we deem attractive. We may also, from time to time in our sole discretion, purchase, redeem, or retire our existing senior notes, through tender offers, in privately negotiated or open market transactions, or otherwise.

In March 2018, we redeemed the $800.0 million aggregate outstanding principal amount of our 5.00% senior notes in full. We funded this redemption with $550.0 million of borrowings from our tranche A term loan facility and borrowings from our revolving credit facility under our credit agreement.

As noted above, we believe that any future significant acquisitions that we may make could require us to obtain additional debt or equity financing. In the past, we have been able to obtain such financing for material transactions on terms that we believed to be reasonable. However, it is possible that we may not be able to obtain acquisition financing on favorable terms, or at all, in the future if we decide to make any further significant acquisitions.

Our long-term liquidity needs, other than those related to ordinary course obligations and commitments such as operating leases, are generally comprised of two elements. The first is the repayment of the outstanding and anticipated principal amounts of our long-term indebtedness. We are unable to project with certainty whether our long-term cash flow from operations will be sufficient to repay our long-term debt when it comes due. If our cash flow is insufficient, then we expect that we would need to refinance such indebtedness or otherwise amend its terms to extend the maturity dates. We cannot make any assurances that such refinancing or amendments would be available on attractive terms, if at all.

The second long-term liquidity need is the payment of obligations related to acquisitions. Our acquisition structures often include deferred and/or contingent purchase price payments in future periods that are subject to the passage of time or achievement of certain performance metrics and other conditions. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we had accrued $148.2 million ($46.4 million of which was a current liability) and $83.6 million ($23.2 million of which was a current liability), respectively, of deferred purchase consideration, which was included in accounts payable and accrued expenses and in other long-term liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets set forth in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

In addition, on October 27, 2016, we announced that our board of directors had authorized the company to repurchase up to an aggregate of $250.0 million of our Class A common stock over three years. The timing of the repurchase and the actual amount repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including the market price of our common stock, general market and economic conditions and other factors. We intend to fund the repurchases, if any, with cash on hand or borrowings under our revolving credit facility. As of September 30, 2018, the authorization remained unused.

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Historical Cash Flows

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities totaled $502.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, an increase of $116.7 million as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to improved operating performance as well as a higher distribution of earnings from unconsolidated subsidiaries in the current year.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities totaled $454.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, an increase of $316.3 million as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in cash used in investing activities was primarily driven by higher amounts paid for acquisitions driven by the FacilitySource Acquisition in the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities totaled $213.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, an increase of $146.0 million as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. This increase was primarily due to the full redemption of the $800.0 million aggregate outstanding principal amount of our 5.00% senior notes (including $20.0 million premium) in the current year. This increase was partially offset by the impact of $550.0 million of borrowings from our tranche A term loan facility as well as higher net borrowings under our revolving credit facility during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Indebtedness

Our level of indebtedness increases the possibility that we may be unable to pay the principal amount of our indebtedness and other obligations when due. In addition, we may incur additional debt from time to time to finance strategic acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or for other purposes, subject to the restrictions contained in the documents governing our indebtedness. If we incur additional debt, the risks associated with our leverage, including our ability to service our debt, would increase.

Long-Term Debt

We maintain credit facilities with third-party lenders, which we use for a variety of purposes. On October 31, 2017, CBRE Services, Inc. entered into a Credit Agreement (the 2017 Credit Agreement), which refinanced and replaced our prior credit agreement (the 2015 Credit Agreement). We used $200.0 million of borrowings from the tranche A term loan facility and $83.0 million of revolving credit facility borrowings under the 2017 Credit Agreement, in addition to cash on hand, to repay all amounts outstanding under the 2015 Credit Agreement.

The 2017 Credit Agreement is a senior unsecured credit facility that is jointly and severally guaranteed by us and certain of our subsidiaries. The 2017 Credit Agreement currently provides for the following: (1) a $2.8 billion revolving credit facility, which includes the capacity to obtain letters of credit and swingline loans and matures on October 31, 2022 and (2) a $750.0 million delayed draw tranche A term loan facility, requiring quarterly principal payments, which began on March 5, 2018 and continue through maturity on October 31, 2022, provided that in the event that our leverage ratio (as defined in the 2017 Credit Agreement) is less than or equal to 2.50 to 1.00 on the last day of the fiscal quarter immediately preceding any such payment date, no such quarterly principal payment shall be required on such date.

As previously mentioned, in March 2018, we redeemed the $800.0 million aggregate outstanding principal amount of our 5.00% senior notes in full. In connection with this early redemption, we incurred charges of $28.0 million, including a premium of $20.0 million and the write-off of $8.0 million of unamortized deferred financing costs.

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In prior years, we also issued 4.875% and 5.25% senior notes that are due in 2026 and 2025, respectively. For additional information on all of our long-term debt, see Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements set forth in Item 8 included in our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and Note 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) set forth in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

Short-Term Borrowings

We maintain a $2.8 billion revolving credit facility under the 2017 Credit Agreement and warehouse lines of credit with certain third-party lenders. For additional information on all of our short-term borrowings, see Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements set forth in Item 8 included in our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and Notes 5 and 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) set forth in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

Interest Rate Swap Agreements

In March 2011, we entered into five interest rate swap agreements, all with effective dates in October 2011, and immediately designated them as cash flow hedges in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging.”  The purpose of these interest rate swap agreements is to attempt to hedge potential changes to our cash flows due to the variable interest nature of our senior term loan facilities. A notional amount of $200.0 million of these interest rate swap agreements expired in October 2017. The remaining total notional amount of these interest rate swap agreements at September 30, 2018 was $200.0 million, which expire in September 2019. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the fair values of such interest rate swap agreements were reflected as a $1.4 million liability and a $4.8 million liability, respectively, and were included in other long-term liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets set forth in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

Off –Balance Sheet Arrangements

Our off-balance sheet arrangements are described in Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) set forth in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report and are incorporated by reference herein.

Cautionary Note on Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “should,” “propose,” “continue,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “will” and similar terms and phrases are used in this Quarterly Report to identify forward-looking statements. Except for historical information contained herein, the matters addressed in this Quarterly Report are forward-looking statements. These statements relate to analyses and other information based on forecasts of future results and estimates of amounts not yet determinable. These statements also relate to our future prospects, developments and business strategies.

These forward-looking statements are made based on our management’s expectations and beliefs concerning future events affecting us and are subject to uncertainties and factors relating to our operations and business environment, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control. These uncertainties and factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those matters expressed in or implied by these forward-looking statements.

The following factors are among those, but are not only those, that may cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements:

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Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date the statements are made. You should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. We assume no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting forward-looking information, except to the extent required by applicable securities laws. If we do update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make additional updates with respect to those or other forward-looking statements. Additional information concerning these and other risks and uncertainties is contained in our other periodic filings with the SEC.

The information in this section should be read in connection with the information on market risk related to changes in interest rates and non-U.S. currency exchange rates in Part II, Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Our exposure to market risk primarily consists of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations related to our international operations and changes in interest rates on debt obligations. We manage such risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of our debt funding and by using derivative financial instruments. We apply Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging,” when accounting for derivative financial instruments. In all cases, we view derivative financial instruments as a risk management tool and, accordingly, do not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes.

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Exchange Rates

Our foreign operations expose us to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. These fluctuations may impact the value of our cash receipts and payments in terms of our functional (reporting) currency, which is U.S. dollars. See the discussion of international operations, which is included in Item 2. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” under the caption “Items Affecting Comparability—International Operations” and is incorporated by reference herein.

Interest Rates

We manage our interest expense by using a combination of fixed and variable rate debt. We enter into interest rate swap agreements to attempt to hedge the variability of future interest payments due to changes in interest rates. See discussion of our interest rate swap agreements, which is included in Item 2. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” under the caption “Liquidity and Capital Resources—Indebtedness—Interest Rate Swap Agreements” and is incorporated by reference herein.

The estimated fair value of our senior term loans was approximately $747.7 million at September 30, 2018. Based on dealers’ quotes, the estimated fair values of our 4.875% senior notes and 5.25% senior notes were $612.9 million and $443.1 million, respectively, at September 30, 2018.

We utilize sensitivity analyses to assess the potential effect of our variable rate debt. If interest rates were to increase 100 basis points on our outstanding variable rate debt at September 30, 2018, excluding notes payable on real estate, the net impact of the additional interest cost would be a decrease of $5.2 million on pre-tax income and a decrease of $5.2 million in cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Rule 13a-15 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, requires that we conduct an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, and we have a disclosure policy in furtherance of the same. This evaluation is designed to ensure that all corporate disclosure is complete and accurate in all material respects. The evaluation is further designed to ensure that all information required to be disclosed in our SEC reports is accumulated and communicated to management to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures and recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods and in the manner specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer supervise and participate in this evaluation, and they are assisted by our Chief Accounting Officer and other members of our Disclosure Committee. In addition to our Chief Accounting Officer, our Disclosure Committee consists of our General Counsel, our Chief Digital and Technology Officer, our chief communication officer, our corporate controller, our senior director of Global SOX Assurance, our senior officers of significant business lines and other select employees.

We conducted the required evaluation, and our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined by Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) were effective as of September 30, 2018 to accomplish their objectives at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

No changes in our internal control over financial reporting occurred during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

There have been no material changes to our legal proceedings as previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.

There have been no material changes to our risk factors as previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.

As permitted by our director compensation policy, two of our non-employee directors elected to receive shares of our Class A common stock as consideration for their service as directors in lieu of cash payments during the three months ended September 30, 2018. Director fees are allocated in quarterly installments, and the non-employee directors participating in the “stock in lieu of cash” program were issued 4,072 shares on August 7, 2018 in lieu of $202,000 in accrued director fees. The number of shares issued was based on the closing price on the NYSE of our Class A common stock on the date of issuance. The issuance of these securities qualified for an exemption from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act because the issuance did not involve a public offering.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

 

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