UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

 

 

Form 10-K

 

 

Commission file number 0-27038

 

NUANCE COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

 

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

(781) 565-5000

 

SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:

None

 

SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT:

Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share

 

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes þ     No o

 

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.  Yes o     No þ

 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes þ     No o

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  þ

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer þ     Accelerated filer o     Non-accelerated filer o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes o     No þ

 

The aggregate market value of the outstanding common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter was approximately $2,168,279,194 based upon the last reported sales price on the Nasdaq National Market for such date. For purposes of this disclosure, shares of Common Stock held by officers and directors of the Registrant and by persons who hold more than 5% of the outstanding Common Stock have been excluded because such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily conclusive.

 

The number of shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock, outstanding as of October 31, 2007, was 193,459,481.

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

Portions of the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement to be delivered to stockholders in connection with the Registrant’s 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

 

 

NUANCE COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

PART I

 

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that, if they never materialize or if they prove incorrect, could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that could be deemed forward-looking, including statements pertaining to: our revenue, earnings, cash flows and liquidity; our strategy relating to speech and imaging technologies; the potential of future product releases; our product development plans and investments in research and development; future acquisitions; international operations and localized versions of our products; our contractual commitments; our fiscal 2008 revenue and expense expectations and legal proceedings and litigation matters. You can identify these and other forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “intends,” “potential,” “continue” or the negative of such terms, or other comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements also include the assumptions underlying or relating to any of the foregoing statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth in this Annual Report under the heading “Risk Factors.” All forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information available to us on the date hereof. We will not undertake and specifically decline any obligation to update any forward-looking statements.

 

 

Overview

 

Nuance Communications, Inc. is a leading provider of speech-based solutions for businesses and consumers worldwide. Our speech solutions are designed to transform the way people interact with information systems, mobile devices and services. We have designed our solutions to make the user experience more compelling, convenient, safe and satisfying; unlocking the full potential of these systems, devices and services.

 

The vast improvements in the power and features of information systems and mobile devices have increased their complexity and reduced their ease of use. Many of the systems, devices and services designed to make our lives easier are cumbersome to use, involving complex touch-tone menus in call centers, counterintuitive and inconsistent user interfaces on computers and mobile devices, inefficient manual processes for transcribing medical records and automobile dashboards overrun with buttons and dials. These complex interfaces often limit the ability of the average user to take full advantage of the functionality and convenience offered by these products and services. By using the spoken word, our speech solutions help people naturally obtain information, interact with mobile devices and access services such as navigation, online banking and medical transcription.

 

We provide speech solutions to several rapidly growing markets:

 

 

In addition to our speech offerings, we provide PDF and document solutions that reduce the time and cost associated with creating, using and sharing documents. Our solutions benefit from the widespread adoption of the PDF format and the increasing demand for networked solutions for managing electronic documents. Our solutions are used by millions of professionals and within large enterprises.

 

We leverage our global professional services organization and our extensive network of partners to design and deploy innovative speech and imaging solutions for businesses and organizations around the globe. We market and distribute our products indirectly through a global network of resellers, including system integrators, independent software vendors, value-added resellers, hardware vendors, telecommunications carriers and distributors, and directly through our dedicated sales force and through our e-commerce website.

 

We have built a world-class portfolio of speech solutions through both internal development and acquisitions. We expect to continue to pursue opportunities to broaden our solutions and customer base through acquisitions. Our recently completed transactions include:

 

 

Market Opportunity

 

Confronted by dramatic increases in electronic information, consumers, business personnel and healthcare professionals must use a variety of resources to retrieve information, transcribe patient records, conduct transactions and perform other job-related functions. We believe that the power of the spoken word will transform the way people use the Internet, telecommunications systems, wireless and mobile networks and related corporate infrastructure to conduct business. We believe that several key market trends will enhance our market position and create new business opportunities:

 

 

Nuance Solutions

 

Our speech solutions enable enterprises, professionals and consumers to increase productivity, reduce costs and save time by using voice control to improve the user experience. Our imaging solutions build on decades of experience and technology development to deliver businesses, manufacturers and consumers a broad set of PDF and document offerings. We provide a broad set of speech and imaging offerings to our customers in the following areas:

 

Enterprise Speech

 

To remain competitive, organizations must improve the quality of customer care while reducing costs and ensuring a positive customer experience. Technological innovation, competitive pressures and rapid commoditization have made it increasingly difficult for organizations to achieve enduring market differentiation or to secure customer loyalty. In this environment, organizations need to satisfy the expectations of increasingly savvy and mobile consumers who demand high levels of customer service. This increase in consumer expectations necessitates a change in the way organizations approach customer care and respond to customer needs.

We deliver a portfolio of customer service and business intelligence solutions enabled by speech that are designed to help companies better support, understand and communicate with their customers. Our solutions improve the customer experience, increase the use of self-service and enable new revenue opportunities. We also offer business intelligence solutions, which allow companies to draw knowledge from their customer care interactions to improve overall business performance.

 

Our portfolio of enterprise speech solutions includes:

 

 

We license our solutions to a wide variety of enterprises in customer-service intensive sectors, including telecommunications, financial services, travel and entertainment, and government, where customers include AOL, AT&T, Comcast, Charles Schwab and United Health. Our speech solutions are designed to serve our global partners and customers and are available in up to 49 languages and dialects worldwide. Although in certain cases we sell directly to end users, the majority of our solutions are fulfilled through our channel network that includes providers such as Avaya, Cisco, Genesys, Intervoice and Nortel, that integrate our solutions into their hardware and software platforms.

 

We complement our solutions and products with a global professional services organization that supports customers and partners with business and systems consulting project management, user-interface design, speech science, application development, and business performance optimization. Our acquisition of BeVocal expanded our existing product portfolio with a unique set of solutions for lifecycle management of customers of wireless carriers and a range of premium services for the wireless consumer, such as the Web and Short Message Service (SMS). The BeVocal acquisition also added numerous wireless carrier relationships to our network. Our recent acquisition of Viecore expands our professional services capabilities and complements our existing partnerships, allowing us to deliver end-to-end speech solutions and system integration for speech-enabled customer care in key vertical markets including financial services, telecommunications, healthcare, utilities and government.

 

Mobility

 

Today, an increasing number of people worldwide rely on mobile devices to stay connected, informed and productive. We see an expanding opportunity in helping consumers use the powerful capabilities of their phones, cars and personal navigation devices by using voice commands to control these devices and to access the array of content and services available on the Internet through wireless mobile devices. We expect to serve more than one billion consumers within the next three years with voice-based mobile solutions that allow them to simply and effectively navigate and retrieve information and conduct transactions using these devices.

We offer solutions and expertise that help satisfy the accelerating demand for speech-enabled mobile devices and services. Our portfolio of mobile solutions includes:

 

 

Our mobile solutions are used by mobile phone, automotive, personal navigation device and other consumer electronic manufacturers and their suppliers, including Mitsubishi Electronics, LG Electronics, Group Sense and Delphi. In addition, telecommunications carriers, Web search companies and content providers are increasingly using our mobile search and communication solutions to offer value-added services to their subscribers and customers.

 

The recent acquisitions of VoiceSignal and Tegic will enhance our offerings to mobile device manufacturers. The VoiceSignal acquisition provides voice-recognition technologies in mobile search, messaging, and command and control that complement our current capabilities. The Tegic acquisition provides us with predictive text and touch technologies. The combination of Nuance, VoiceSignal and Tegic sets the stage for a new mobile user interface that integrates predictive text, speech and touch inputs. This multimodal interface will provide easier access for users of mobile devices and will be available to all manufacturers across their product lines.

 

Healthcare Dictation and Transcription

 

The healthcare industry is under significant pressure to streamline operations and reduce costs and improve patient care. In recent years, healthcare organizations such as hospitals, clinics, medical groups, physicians’ offices, and insurance providers have increasingly turned to speech solutions to automate manual processes such as the dictation and transcription of patient records.

 

We provide comprehensive dictation and transcription solutions and services that automate the input and management of medical information. Since 2004, we have steadily increased our investments in solutions for the healthcare industry. We are dedicating substantial resources to product development, sales, business development and marketing in an effort to replace traditional manual transcription before the end of the decade.

 

Our healthcare dictation and transcription solutions include:

 

 

 

Hospitals, clinics and group practices, including Adventist Health, Allina Health, Guthrie Healthcare, Mt. Kisco Medical, and Sarasota Memorial, and approximately 300,000 physicians use our Dictaphone healthcare solutions to manage the dictation and transcription of patient records. We utilize a focused, enterprise sales team and professional services organization to address the market and implementation requirements of the healthcare industry.

 

The acquisition of Focus expanded our ability to deliver healthcare transcription solutions. The combination of Focus’ proven technology portfolio and services capability and the Dictaphone iChart Web-based transcription solutions creates an efficient, scalable Web-based automated transcription service. Focus serves some of the largest U.S. healthcare organizations, combining the use of speech recognition, a Web-based editing platform and manual transcription services based in India to achieve superior customer satisfaction, turnaround time and cost efficiency. Our recent acquisitions of Commissure and Vocada expand the capabilities of our Dictaphone Healthcare solutions for the medical imaging industry, enhance our domain expertise in the radiology market and reporting of clinical test results, respectively, and increase our recurring revenue base derived from a software-as-a-service business model.

 

In addition to our healthcare-oriented dictation solutions, we also offer Dragon NaturallySpeaking, a suite of general purpose desktop dictation applications that increases productivity by using speech to create documents, streamline repetitive and complex tasks, input data, complete forms and automate manual transcription processes.

 

Our Dragon NaturallySpeaking family of products delivers enhanced productivity for professionals and consumers who need to create documents and transcripts. These solutions allow users to automatically convert speech into text at up to 160 words-per-minute, with support for over 300,000 words and with an accuracy rate of up to 99%. This vocabulary can be expanded by users to include specialized words and phrases and can be adapted to recognize individual voice patterns. Our desktop dictation software is currently available in eleven languages. We utilize a combination of our global reseller network and direct sales to distribute our speech recognition and dictation products.

 

PDF and Document Imaging

 

The proliferation of the Internet, email and other networks have greatly simplified the ability to share electronic documents, resulting in an ever-growing volume of documents to be used and stored. Our solutions reduce the costs associated with paper documents through easy to use scanning, document management and electronic document routing solutions. We offer versions of our products to hardware vendors, home offices, small businesses and enterprise customers.

 

Our PDF and document solutions include:

 

 

 

We utilize a combination of our global reseller network and direct sales to distribute our document conversion and PDF products. We license our software to companies such as Brother, Canon, Dell, HP and Xerox, which bundle our solutions with multifunction devices, digital copiers, printers and scanners. We also license software development toolkits to independent software vendors who use our technology for production capture or desktop applications, including vendors such as Autodesk, Canon, EMC/Captiva, Filenet, Kofax, Microsoft, Sharp and Verity.

 

Growth Strategy

 

We focus on providing market-leading, value-added solutions for our customers and partners through a broad set of technologies, service offerings and channel capabilities. We intend to pursue growth through the following key elements of our strategy:

 

 

Research and Development/Intellectual Property

 

In recent years, we have developed and acquired extensive technology assets, intellectual property and industry expertise in speech and imaging that provide us with a competitive advantage in markets where we compete. Our technologies are based on complex algorithms which require extensive amounts of linguistic and image data, acoustic models and recognition techniques. A significant investment in capital and time would be necessary to replicate our current capabilities.

 

We continue to invest in technologies to maintain our market-leading position and to develop new applications. Our technologies are covered by more than 540 issued patents and 490 patent applications. Our intellectual

property, whether purchased or developed internally, is critical to our success and competitive position and, ultimately, to our market value. Our products and services build on a portfolio of patents, copyrights, trademarks, services marks, trade secrets, confidentiality provisions and licensing arrangements to establish and protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights.

 

International Operations

 

We have principal offices in a number of international locations including: Belgium, Canada, Germany, Hungary, India, Japan, Australia, and the United Kingdom. The responsibilities of our international operations include research and development, healthcare transcription and editing customer support, sales and marketing and administration. Additionally, we maintain smaller sales, services and support offices throughout the world to support our international customers and to expand international revenue opportunities.

 

Geographic revenue classification is based on the geographic areas in which our customers are located. For fiscal 2007, 2006 and 2005, 78%, 74% and 69% of revenue was generated in the United States and 22%, 26% and 31% of revenue was generated by our international operations, respectively.

 

Competition

 

The individual markets in which we compete are highly competitive and are subject to rapid technology changes. There are a number of companies that develop or may develop products that compete in our target markets; however, currently there is no one company that competes with us in all of our product areas. While we expect competition to continue to increase both from existing competitors and new market entrants, we believe that we will compete effectively based on many factors, including:

 

 

Within speech, we compete with AT&T, IBM, Microsoft, Telisma and other small providers. Within healthcare dictation and transcription, we compete with eScription, Philips Medical, Spheris and other smaller providers. Within imaging, we compete directly with ABBYY, Adobe, eCopy, and I.R.I.S. In speech, some of our partners such as Avaya, Cisco, Edify, Genesys and Nortel develop and market products that can be considered substitutes for our solutions. In addition, a number of smaller companies in both speech and imaging produce technologies or products that are competitive with our solutions in some markets. Current and potential competitors have established, or may establish, cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties to increase the ability of their technologies to address the needs of our prospective customers.

Some of our competitors or potential competitors in our markets, such as Adobe, IBM and Microsoft, have significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. These competitors may be able to respond more rapidly than we can to new or emerging technologies or changes in customer requirements. They may also devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products than we do.

 

Employees

 

As of September 30, 2007, we had approximately 3,900 full time employees in total, including approximately 600 in sales and marketing, approximately 650 in professional services, approximately 700 in research and development, approximately 350 in general and administrative and approximately 1,600 that provide healthcare transcription and editing services. Approximately, fifty-five percent of our employees are based outside of the United States, the majority of whom are based in India. Our employees are not represented by any labor union and are not organized under a collective bargaining agreement, and we have never experienced a work stoppage. We believe that our relationships with our employees are generally good.

 

Company Information

 

Our website is located at www.nuance.com. This Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, our Current Reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to these reports, as well as proxy statements and other information we file with or furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission or the SEC, are accessible free of charge on our website. We make these documents available as soon as reasonably practicable after we file them with, or furnish them to, the SEC. Except as otherwise stated in these documents, the information contained on our website or available by hyperlink from our website is not incorporated by reference into this report or any other documents we file with or furnish to the SEC.

 

 

You should carefully consider the risks described below when evaluating our company and when deciding whether to invest in our company. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we do not currently believe are important to an investor may also harm our business operations. If any of the events, contingencies, circumstances or conditions described in the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or our results of operations could be seriously harmed. If that happens, the trading price of our common stock could decline and you may lose part or all of the value of any of our shares held by you.

 

Risks Related to Our Business

 

Our operating results may fluctuate significantly from period to period, and this may cause our stock price to decline.

 

Our revenue and operating results have fluctuated in the past and are expected to continue to fluctuate in the future. Given this fluctuation, we believe that quarter to quarter comparisons of revenue and operating results are not necessarily meaningful or an accurate indicator of our future performance. As a result, our results of operations may not meet the expectations of securities analysts or investors in the future. If this occurs, the price of our stock would likely decline. Factors that contribute to fluctuations in operating results include the following:

 

 

 

Due to the foregoing factors, among others, our revenue and operating results are difficult to forecast. Our expense levels are based in significant part on our expectations of future revenue and we may not be able to reduce our expenses quickly to respond to a shortfall in projected revenue. Therefore, our failure to meet revenue expectations would seriously harm our operating results, financial condition and cash flows.

 

We have grown, and may continue to grow, through acquisitions, which could dilute our existing stockholders.

 

As part of our business strategy, we have in the past acquired, and expect to continue to acquire, other businesses and technologies. In connection with past acquisitions, we issued a substantial number of shares of our common stock as transaction consideration and also incurred significant debt to finance the cash consideration used for our acquisitions, including our acquisitions of Dictaphone, Focus, BeVocal, VoiceSignal, Tegic, Commissure, Vocada and Viecore. We may continue to issue equity securities for future acquisitions, which would dilute existing stockholders, perhaps significantly depending on the terms of such acquisitions. We may also incur additional debt in connection with future acquisitions, which, if available at all, may place additional restrictions on our ability to operate our business.

 

Our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of our acquisitions will depend on successfully integrating the acquired businesses.

 

Our prior acquisitions required, and our recently completed acquisitions continue to require, substantial integration and management efforts and we expect our pending and future acquisitions to require similar efforts. Acquisitions of this nature involve a number of risks, including:

 

 

 

As a result of these and other risks, if we are unable to successfully integrate acquired businesses, we may not realize the anticipated benefits from our acquisitions. Any failure to achieve these benefits or failure to successfully integrate acquired businesses and technologies could seriously harm our business.

 

Accounting treatment of our acquisitions could decrease our net income or expected revenue in the foreseeable future, which could have a material and adverse effect on the market value of our common stock.

 

Under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, we record the market value of our common stock or other form of consideration issued in connection with the acquisition and the amount of direct transaction costs as the cost of acquiring the company or business. We have allocated that cost to the individual assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including various identifiable intangible assets such as acquired technology, acquired trade names and acquired customer relationships based on their respective fair values. Intangible assets generally will be amortized over a five to ten year period. Goodwill and certain intangible assets with indefinite lives, are not subject to amortization but are subject to an impairment analysis, at least annually, which may result in an impairment charge if the carrying value exceeds its implied fair value. As of September 30, 2007, we had identified intangible assets amounting to approximately $391.2 million and goodwill of approximately $1.2 billion. In addition, purchase accounting limits our ability to recognize certain revenue that otherwise would have been recognized by the acquired company as an independent business. The combined company may delay revenue recognition or recognize less revenue than we and the acquired company would have recognized as independent companies.

 

Our significant debt could adversely affect our financial health and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations under our credit facility and our convertible debentures.

 

We have a significant amount of debt. As of September 30, 2007, we had a total of $913.7 million of gross debt outstanding, including $663.7 million in term loans due in March 2013 and $250.0 million in convertible debentures which investors may require us to redeem in August 2014. We also have a $75.0 million revolving credit line available to us through March 2012. As of September 30, 2007, there were $17.3 million of letters of credit issued under the revolving credit line and there were no other outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit line. Our debt level could have important consequences, for example it could:

 

 

Our ability to meet our payment and other obligations under our debt instruments depends on our ability to generate significant cash flow in the future. This, to some extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative and regulatory factors as well as other factors that are beyond our control. We cannot assure you that our business will generate cash flow from operations, or that additional capital will be available to us, in an amount sufficient to enable us to meet our payment obligations under the convertible debentures and our other debt and to fund other liquidity needs. If we are not able to generate sufficient cash flow to service our debt obligations, we may need to refinance or restructure our debt, including the convertible debentures, sell assets, reduce or delay capital investments, or seek to raise additional capital. If we are unable to implement one or more of these

alternatives, we may not be able to meet our payment obligations under the convertible debentures and our other debt.

 

In addition, a substantial portion of our debt bears interest at variable rates. If market interest rates increase, our debt service requirements will increase, which would adversely affect our cash flows. While we have entered into an interest rate swap agreement limiting our exposure for a portion of our debt, the agreement does not offer complete protection from this risk.

 

Our debt agreements contain covenant restrictions that may limit our ability to operate our business.

 

The agreement governing our senior credit facility contains, and any of our other future debt agreements may contain, covenant restrictions that limit our ability to operate our business, including restrictions on our ability to:

 

 

Our ability to comply with these covenants is dependent on our future performance, which will be subject to many factors, some of which are beyond our control, including prevailing economic conditions. As a result of these covenants, our ability to respond to changes in business and economic conditions and to obtain additional financing, if needed, may be significantly restricted, and we may be prevented from engaging in transactions that might otherwise be beneficial to us. In addition, our failure to comply with these covenants could result in a default under our debt, which could permit the holders to accelerate our obligation to repay the debt. If any of our debt is accelerated, we may not have sufficient funds available to repay the accelerated debt.

 

We have a history of operating losses, and may incur losses in the future, which may require us to raise additional capital on unfavorable terms.

 

We reported net losses of approximately $14.0 million, $22.9 million and $5.4 million for fiscal years 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. We had an accumulated deficit of approximately $204.1 million at September 30, 2007. If we are unable to achieve and maintain profitability, the market price for our stock may decline, perhaps substantially. We cannot assure you that our revenue will grow or that we will achieve or maintain profitability in the future. If we do not achieve profitability, we may be required to raise additional capital to maintain or grow our operations. The terms of any transaction to raise additional capital, if available at all, may be highly dilutive to existing investors or contain other unfavorable terms, such as a high interest rate and restrictive covenants.

 

Speech technologies may not achieve widespread acceptance, which could limit our ability to grow our speech business.

 

We have invested and expect to continue to invest heavily in the acquisition, development and marketing of speech technologies. The market for speech technologies is relatively new and rapidly evolving. Our ability to increase revenue in the future depends in large measure on acceptance of speech technologies in general and our products in particular. The continued development of the market for our current and future speech solutions will also depend on:

 

 

 

Sales of our speech products would be harmed if the market for speech technologies does not continue to develop or develops more slowly than we expect, and, consequently, our business could be harmed and we may not recover the costs associated with our investment in our speech technologies.

 

The markets in which we operate are highly competitive and rapidly changing and we may be unable to compete successfully.

 

There are a number of companies that develop or may develop products that compete in our targeted markets. The individual markets in which we compete are highly competitive, and are rapidly changing. Within speech, we compete with AT&T, IBM, Microsoft, and other smaller providers. Within healthcare dictation and transcription, we compete with eScription, Philips Medical, Spheris and other smaller providers. Within imaging, we compete directly with ABBYY, Adobe, eCopy, I.R.I.S. and NewSoft. In speech, some of our partners such as Avaya, Cisco, Edify, Genesys and Nortel develop and market products that can be considered substitutes for our solutions. In addition, a number of smaller companies in both speech and imaging produce technologies or products that are in some markets competitive with our solutions. Current and potential competitors have established, or may establish, cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties to increase the ability of their technologies to address the needs of our prospective customers.

 

The competition in these markets could adversely affect our operating results by reducing the volume of the products we license or the prices we can charge. Some of our current or potential competitors, such as Adobe, IBM and Microsoft, have significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. These competitors may be able to respond more rapidly than we can to new or emerging technologies or changes in customer requirements. They may also devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products than we do.

 

Some of our customers, such as IBM and Microsoft, have developed or acquired products or technologies that compete with our products and technologies. These customers may give higher priority to the sale of these competitive products or technologies. To the extent they do so, market acceptance and penetration of our products, and therefore our revenue, may be adversely affected. Our success will depend substantially upon our ability to enhance our products and technologies and to develop and introduce, on a timely and cost-effective basis, new products and features that meet changing customer requirements and incorporate technological advancements. If we are unable to develop new products and enhance functionalities or technologies to adapt to these changes, or if we are unable to realize synergies among our acquired products and technologies, our business will suffer.

 

The failure to successfully maintain the adequacy of our system of internal control over financial reporting could have a material adverse impact on our ability to report our financial results in an accurate and timely manner.

 

Our management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as of September 30, 2005, identified a material weakness in our internal controls related to tax accounting, primarily as a result of a lack of necessary corporate accounting resources and ineffective execution of certain controls designed to prevent or detect actual or potential misstatements in the tax accounts. While we have taken remediation measures to correct this material weakness, which measures are more fully described in Item 9A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for our fiscal year ended September 30, 2006, we cannot assure you that we will not have material weaknesses in our internal controls in the future. Any failure in the effectiveness of our system of internal control over financial reporting could have a material adverse impact on our ability to report our financial results in an accurate and timely manner.

 

A significant portion of our revenue and a significant portion of our research and development are based outside the United States. Our results could be harmed by economic, political, regulatory and other risks associated with these international regions.

 

Because we operate worldwide, our business is subject to risks associated with doing business internationally. We anticipate that revenue from international operations will increase in the future. Reported international revenue,

classified by the major geographic areas in which our customers are located, represented approximately $130.4 million, $100.2 million and $71.5 million, representing 22%, 26%, and 31% of our total revenue, respectively, for fiscal 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Most of our international revenue is generated by sales in Europe and Asia. In addition, some of our products are developed and manufactured outside the United States. A significant portion of the development and manufacturing of our speech products are completed in Belgium, and a significant portion of our imaging research and development is conducted in Hungary. In connection with prior acquisitions we have added research and development resources in Aachen, Germany, Montreal, Canada and Tel Aviv, Israel. Accordingly, our future results could be harmed by a variety of factors associated with international sales and operations, including:

 

 

We are exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

 

Because we have international subsidiaries and distributors that operate and sell our products outside the United States, we are exposed to the risk of changes in foreign currency exchange rates or declining economic conditions in these countries. In certain circumstances, we have entered into forward exchange contracts to hedge against foreign currency fluctuations on intercompany balances with our foreign subsidiaries. We use these contracts to reduce our risk associated with exchange rate movements, as the gains or losses on these contracts are intended to offset any exchange rate losses or gains on the hedged transaction. We do not engage in foreign currency speculation. Forward exchange contracts hedging firm commitments qualify for hedge accounting when they are designated as a hedge of the foreign currency exposure and they are effective in minimizing such exposure. With our increased international presence in a number of geographic locations and with international revenue projected to increase, we are exposed to changes in foreign currencies including the Euro, British Pound, Canadian Dollar, Japanese Yen, Israeli New Shekel, Indian Rupee and the Hungarian Forint. Changes in the value of the Euro or other foreign currencies relative to the value of the U.S. dollar could adversely affect future revenue and operating results.

 

Impairment of our intangible assets could result in significant charges that would adversely impact our future operating results.

 

We have significant intangible assets, including goodwill and intangibles with indefinite lives, which are susceptible to valuation adjustments as a result of changes in various factors or conditions. The most significant intangible assets are patents and core technology, completed technology, customer relationships and trademarks. Customer relationships are amortized on an accelerated basis based upon the pattern in which the economic benefit of customer relationships are being utilized. Other identifiable intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. We assess the potential impairment of identifiable intangible assets on an annual basis, as well as whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Factors that could trigger an impairment of such assets, include the following:

 

 

 

Future adverse changes in these or other unforeseeable factors could result in an impairment charge that would impact our results of operations and financial position in the reporting period identified. As of September 30, 2007, we had identified intangible assets amounting to approximately $391.2 million and goodwill of approximately $1.2 billion.

 

We depend on limited or sole source suppliers for critical components of our healthcare-related products. The inability to obtain sufficient components as required, and under favorable purchase terms, could harm our business.

 

We are dependent on certain suppliers, including limited and sole source suppliers, to provide key components used in our healthcare-related products. We have experienced, and may continue to experience, delays in component deliveries, which in turn could cause delays in product shipments and require the redesign of certain products. In addition, if we are unable to procure necessary components under favorable purchase terms, including at favorable prices and with the order lead-times needed for the efficient and profitable operation of our business, our results of operations could suffer.

 

If we are unable to attract and retain key personnel, our business could be harmed.

 

If any of our key employees were to leave, we could face substantial difficulty in hiring qualified successors and could experience a loss in productivity while any successor obtains the necessary training and experience. Our employment relationships are generally at-will and we have had key employees leave in the past. We cannot assure you that one or more key employees will not leave in the future. We intend to continue to hire additional highly qualified personnel, including software engineers and operational personnel, but may not be able to attract, assimilate or retain qualified personnel in the future. Any failure to attract, integrate, motivate and retain these employees could harm our business.

 

Our medical transcription services may be subject to legal claims for failure to comply with laws governing the confidentiality of medical records.

 

Healthcare professionals who use our medical transcription services deliver to us health information about their patients including information that constitutes a record under applicable law that we may store on our computer systems. Numerous federal and state laws and regulations, the common law and contractual obligations govern collection, dissemination, use and confidentiality of patient-identifiable health information, including:

 

 

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 establishes elements including, but not limited to, federal privacy and security standards for the use and protection of protected health information. Any failure by us or by our personnel or partners to comply with applicable requirements may result in a material liability to the Company. Although we have systems and policies in place for safeguarding protected health information from unauthorized disclosure, these systems and policies may not preclude claims against us for alleged violations of applicable requirements. There can be no assurance that we will not be subject to liability claims that could have a material adverse affect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property and Technology

 

Unauthorized use of our proprietary technology and intellectual property could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

 

Our success and competitive position depend in large part on our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property rights protecting our products and services. We rely on a combination of patents, copyrights, trademarks, service marks, trade secrets, confidentiality provisions and licensing arrangements to establish and protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights. Unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of our products or to obtain, license, sell or otherwise use information that we regard as proprietary. Policing unauthorized use of our products is difficult and we may not be able to protect our technology from unauthorized use. Additionally, our competitors may independently develop technologies that are substantially the same or superior to our technologies and that do not infringe our rights. In these cases, we would be unable to prevent our competitors from selling or licensing these similar or superior technologies. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. Although the source code for our proprietary software is protected both as a trade secret and as a copyrighted work, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets, to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others, or to defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. Litigation, regardless of the outcome, can be very expensive and can divert management efforts.

 

Third parties have claimed and may claim in the future that we are infringing their intellectual property, and we could be exposed to significant litigation or licensing expenses or be prevented from selling our products if such claims are successful.

 

From time to time, we are subject to claims that we or our customers may be infringing or contributing to the infringement of the intellectual property rights of others. We may be unaware of intellectual property rights of others that may cover some of our technologies and products. If it appears necessary or desirable, we may seek licenses for these intellectual property rights. However, we may not be able to obtain licenses from some or all claimants, the terms of any offered licenses may not be acceptable to us, and we may not be able to resolve disputes without litigation. Any litigation regarding intellectual property could be costly and time-consuming and could divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations. In the event of a claim of intellectual property infringement, we may be required to enter into costly royalty or license agreements. Third parties claiming intellectual property infringement may be able to obtain injunctive or other equitable relief that could effectively block our ability to develop and sell our products.

 

On November 9, 2007, Autotext Technologies, a subsidiary of Acacia Research, filed an action against us in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio. The complaint alleges that our T9 Predictive Text software infringes U.S. Patent No. 5,305,205 entitled “Computer-assisted transcription apparatus.” The patent generally relates to a predictive word processing system, where a list of word choices is presented when a user inputs just a few letters of a word. Damages are sought in an unspecified amount. Because the complaint was only filed recently, we have not yet been able to assess the merits of the claim or identify the defenses available to us.

 

On May 31, 2006, GTX Corporation filed an action against us in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas claiming patent infringement. Damages were sought in an unspecified amount. In the lawsuit, GTX Corporation alleged that we are infringing United States Patent No. 7,016,536 entitled “Method and Apparatus for Automatic Cleaning and Enhancing of Scanned Documents. We believe these claims have no merit and intend to defend the action vigorously.

 

On November 27, 2002, AllVoice Computing plc filed an action against us in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas claiming patent infringement. In the lawsuit, AllVoice Computing plc alleges that we are infringing United States Patent No. 5,799,273 entitled “Automated Proofreading Using Interface Linking Recognized Words to their Audio Data While Text is Being Changed.” Such patent generally discloses techniques for manipulating audio data associated with text generated by a speech recognition engine. Although we have several products in the speech recognition technology field, we believe that our products do not infringe AllVoice Computing plc’s patent because, in addition to other defenses, we do not use the claimed techniques. Damages are sought in an unspecified amount. We filed an Answer on December 23, 2002. The United States District Court for

the Southern District of Texas entered summary judgment against AllVoice Computing plc and dismissed all claims against us on February 21, 2006. AllVoice Computing plc filed a notice of appeal from this judgment on April 26, 2006. On October 12, 2007, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit reversed and remanded the summary judgment. We believe these claims have no merit and intend to defend the action vigorously.

 

We believe that the final outcome of the current litigation matters described above will not have a significant adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations. However, even if our defense is successful, the litigation could require significant management time and could be costly. Should we not prevail in these litigation matters, we may be unable to sell and/or license certain of our technologies which we consider to be proprietary, and our operating results, financial position and cash flows could be adversely impacted.

 

Our software products may have bugs, which could result in delayed or lost revenue, expensive correction, liability to our customers and claims against us.

 

Complex software products such as ours may contain errors, defects or bugs. Defects in the solutions or products that we develop and sell to our customers could require expensive corrections and result in delayed or lost revenue, adverse customer reaction and negative publicity about us or our products and services. Customers who are not satisfied with any of our products may also bring claims against us for damages, which, even if unsuccessful, would likely be time-consuming to defend, and could result in costly litigation and payment of damages. Such claims could harm our reputation, financial results and competitive position.

 

Risks Related to our Corporate Structure, Organization and Common Stock

 

The holdings of our two largest stockholders may enable them to influence matters requiring stockholder approval.

 

On March 19, 2004,Warburg Pincus, a global private equity firm agreed to purchase all outstanding shares of our stock held by Xerox Corporation for approximately $80.0 million. Additionally, on May 9, 2005 and September 15, 2005 we sold shares of common stock, and warrants to purchase common stock to Warburg Pincus for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $75.1 million. As of September 30, 2007, Warburg Pincus beneficially owned approximately 21% of our outstanding common stock, including warrants exercisable for up to 7,066,538 shares of our common stock and 3,562,238 shares of our outstanding Series B Preferred Stock, each of which is convertible into one share of our common stock. As of September 30, 2007, Fidelity was our second largest stockholder, owning approximately 7.0% of our common stock. Because of their large holdings of our capital stock relative to other stockholders, each of these two stockholders acting individually, or together, have a strong influence over matters requiring approval by our stockholders.

 

The market price of our common stock has been and may continue to be subject to wide fluctuations, and this may make it difficult for you to resell the common stock when you want or at prices you find attractive.

 

Our stock price historically has been, and may continue to be, volatile. Various factors contribute to the volatility of the stock price, including, for example, quarterly variations in our financial results, new product introductions by us or our competitors and general economic and market conditions. Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock by our two largest stockholders, or the perception that such sales could occur, could also contribute to the volatility or our stock price. While we cannot predict the individual effect that these factors may have on the market price of our common stock, these factors, either individually or in the aggregate, could result in significant volatility in our stock price during any given period of time. Moreover, companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock often are subject to securities class action litigation. If we were the subject of such litigation, it could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources.

Compliance with changing regulation of corporate governance and public disclosure may result in additional expenses.

 

Changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, new regulations promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the rules of The Nasdaq Global Select Market, are resulting in increased general and administrative expenses for companies such as ours. These new or changed laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations in many cases, and as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies, which could result in higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We are committed to maintaining high standards of corporate governance and public disclosure. As a result, we intend to invest resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. If our efforts to comply with new or changed laws, regulations and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies, our business may be harmed.

 

Future sales of our common stock in the public market could adversely affect the trading price of our common stock and our ability to raise funds in new stock offerings.

 

Future sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect prevailing trading prices of our common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through future offerings of equity or equity-related securities. In connection with past acquisitions, we issued a substantial number of shares of our common stock as transaction consideration. We may continue to issue equity securities for future acquisitions, which would dilute existing stockholders, perhaps significantly depending on the terms of such acquisitions. In addition, in connection with the acquisitions of Viecore, Vocada and Commissure and the issuance of shares of our common stock in those transactions, we have agreed to register the shares of our common stock issued for resale. Approximately 7,300,000 shares of common stock have been issued in these acquisitions. No prediction can be made as to the effect, if any, that future sales of shares of common stock or the availability of shares of common stock for future sale, will have on the trading price of our common stock.

 

We have implemented anti-takeover provisions, which could discourage or prevent a takeover, even if an acquisition would be beneficial to our stockholders.

 

Provisions of our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and Delaware law, as well as other organizational documents could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if doing so would be beneficial to our stockholders. These provisions include:

 

 

 

None.

 

 

Our corporate headquarters and administrative, sales, marketing, research and development and support functions occupy approximately 105,000 square feet of space that we lease in Burlington, Massachusetts. We also lease additional properties in the United States and a number of foreign countries. The following table summarizes our significant properties as of September 30, 2007:

 

 

 

 

In addition to the properties referenced above, we also lease a number of small sales and marketing offices in the United States and internationally. As of September 30, 2007, we were productively utilizing substantially all of the space in our facilities, except for space identified above as “unoccupied” or that has been subleased to third parties.

 

 

Like many companies in the software industry, we have from time to time been notified of claims that we may be infringing certain intellectual property rights of others. These claims have been referred to counsel, and they are in various stages of evaluation and negotiation. If it appears necessary or desirable, we may seek licenses for these intellectual property rights. There is no assurance that licenses will be offered by all claimants, that the terms of any offered licenses will be acceptable to us or that in all cases the dispute will be resolved without litigation, which may be time consuming and expensive, and may result in injunctive relief or the payment of damages by us.

On November 9, 2007, Autotext Technologies, a subsidiary of Acacia Research, filed an action against us in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio. The complaint alleges that our T9 Predictive Text software infringes U.S. Patent No. 5,305,205 entitled “Computer-assisted transcription apparatus.” The patent generally relates to a predictive word processing system, where a list of word choices is presented when a user inputs just a few letters of a word. Damages are sought in an unspecified amount. Because the complaint was only filed recently, we have not yet been able to assess the merits of the claim or identify the defenses available to us.

 

On May 31, 2006, GTX Corporation, or GTX, filed an action against us in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas claiming patent infringement. Damages were sought in an unspecified amount. In the lawsuit, GTX alleged that we are infringing United States Patent No. 7,016,536 entitled “Method and Apparatus for Automatic Cleaning and Enhancing of Scanned Documents.” We believe the claims have no merit and intend to defend the action vigorously.

 

On November 27, 2002, AllVoice Computing plc, or AllVoice, filed an action against us in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas claiming patent infringement. In the lawsuit, AllVoice alleges that the Company is infringing United States Patent No. 5,799,273 entitled “Automated Proofreading Using Interface Linking Recognized Words to Their Audio Data While Text Is Being Changed,” or the 273 Patent. The 273 Patent generally discloses techniques for manipulating audio data associated with text generated by a speech recognition engine. Although we have several products in the speech recognition technology field, we believe that our products do not infringe the 273 Patent because, in addition to other defenses, they do not use the claimed techniques. Damages are sought in an unspecified amount. We filed an Answer on December 23, 2002. On January 4, 2005, the case was transferred to a new judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas for administrative reasons. The United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas entered summary judgment against AllVoice and dismissed all claims against Nuance on February 21, 2006. AllVoice filed a notice of appeal from this judgment on April 26, 2006. On October 12, 2007, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit reversed and remanded the summary judgment. We believe these claims have no merit and intend to defend the action vigorously.

 

In August 2001, the first of a number of complaints was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, on behalf of a purported class of persons who purchased Former Nuance stock between April 12, 2000 and December 6, 2000. Those complaints have been consolidated into one action. The complaint generally alleges that various investment bank underwriters engaged in improper and undisclosed activities related to the allocation of shares in Former Nuance’s initial public offering of securities. The complaint makes claims for violation of several provisions of the federal securities laws against those underwriters, and also against Former Nuance and some of the Former Nuance’s directors and officers. Similar lawsuits, concerning more than 250 other companies’ initial public offerings, were filed in 2001. In February 2003, the Court denied a motion to dismiss with respect to the claims against Former Nuance. In the third quarter of 2003, a proposed settlement in principle was reached among the plaintiffs, issuer defendants (including Former Nuance) and the issuers’ insurance carriers. The settlement calls for the dismissal and release of claims against the issuer defendants, including Former Nuance, in exchange for a contingent payment to be paid, if necessary, by the issuer defendants’ insurance carriers and an assignment of certain claims. The timing of the conclusion of the settlement remains unclear, and the settlement is subject to a number of conditions, including approval of the Court. The settlement is not expected to have any material impact upon us, as payments, if any, are expected to be made by insurance carriers, rather than by us. In July 2004, the underwriters filed a motion opposing approval by the court of the settlement among the plaintiffs, issuers and insurers. In March 2005, the court granted preliminary approval of the settlement, subject to the parties agreeing to modify the term of the settlement which limits each underwriter from seeking contribution against its issuer for damages it may be forced to pay in the action. On April 24, 2006, the court held a fairness hearing in connection with the motion for final approval of the settlement. The court has yet to issue a ruling on the motion for final approval. On December 5, 2006, the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit reversed the Court’s order certifying a class in several “test cases” that had been selected by the underwriter defendants and plaintiffs in the coordinated proceeding. The plaintiffs petitioned the Second Circuit for rehearing of the Second Circuit’s decision, however, on April 6, 2007, the Second Circuit denied the petition for rehearing. At a status conference on April 23, 2007, the district court suggested that the issuers’ settlement could not be approved in its present form, given the Second Circuit’s ruling. On June 25, 2007 the district court issued an order terminating the settlement

agreement. The plaintiffs are due to submit amended complaints and the issue of a new class definition for certification will be heard. In the meantime, the issuer defendants are working to reinstate the settlement agreement with the plaintiffs on substantially the same terms. In the event the settlement is not concluded, we intend to defend the litigation vigorously. We believe we have meritorious defenses to the claims against Former Nuance.

 

We believe that the final outcome of the current litigation matters described above will not have a significant adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations. However, even if our defense is successful, the litigation could require significant management time and will be costly. Should we not prevail in these litigation matters, our operating results, financial position and cash flows could be adversely impacted.

 

 

No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

PART II

 

 

Market Information

 

Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “NUAN.” The following table sets forth, for our fiscal quarters indicated, the high and low sales prices of our common stock, in each case as report on the NASDAQ Global Select Market.

 

 

Holders

 

As of October 31, 2007, there were 931 stockholders of record of our common stock.

 

Dividend Policy

 

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We currently expect to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development of our business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The terms of our credit facility place restrictions on our ability to pay dividends except for stock dividends.

 

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 

We have not announced any currently effective authorization to repurchase shares of our common stock.

 

 

On October 23, 2004, our Board of Directors approved a change in the Company’s fiscal year end from December 31 to September 30, effective beginning September 30, 2004. All references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to fiscal 2004 refer to the nine month period ended September 30, 2004. References to fiscal 2005, 2006 and 2007, refer to the twelve month periods ended September 30. References to fiscal 2003 and prior years refer to the twelve month periods ended December 31.

 

The following selected consolidated financial data is not necessarily indicative of the results of future operations and should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The interim statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 is unaudited and, in the opinion of management, reflects all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 (i.e. amounts in millions, except per share dollars and percentages):

 

 

 

 

 

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations and financial condition of our business. Management’s Discussion and Analysis is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Forward-Looking Statements

 

This annual report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that, if they never materialize or if they prove incorrect, could cause our consolidated results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include predictions regarding:

 

 

You can identify these and other forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “intends,” “potential,” “continue” or the negative of such terms, or other comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements also include the assumptions underlying or relating to any of the foregoing statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements for many reasons, including the risks described in Item 1A — “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We undertake no obligation to publicly release any revisions to the forward-looking statements or reflect events or circumstances after the date of this document.

 

Overview

 

Nuance Communications, Inc. is a leading provider of speech-based solutions for businesses and consumers worldwide. Our speech solutions are designed to transform the way people interact with information systems, mobile devices and services. We have designed our solutions to make the user experience more compelling, convenient, safe and satisfying, unlocking the full potential of these systems, devices and services.

 

The vast improvements in the power and features of information systems and mobile devices have increased their complexity and reduced their ease of use. Many of the systems, devices and services designed to make our lives easier are cumbersome to use, involving complex touch-tone menus in call centers, counterintuitive and inconsistent user interfaces on computers and mobile devices, inefficient manual processes for transcribing medical records and automobile dashboards overrun with buttons and dials. These complex interfaces often limit the ability of the average user to take full advantage of the functionality and convenience offered by these products and services. By using the spoken word, our speech solutions help people naturally obtain information, interact with mobile devices and access services such as navigation, online banking and medical transcription.

 

We provide speech solutions to several rapidly growing markets:

 

 

 

In addition to our speech offerings, we provide PDF and document solutions that reduce the time and cost associated with creating, using and sharing documents. Our solutions benefit from the widespread adoption of the PDF format and the increasing demand for networked solutions for managing electronic documents. Our solutions are used by millions of professionals and within large enterprises.

 

We leverage our global professional services organization and our extensive network of partners to design and deploy innovative speech and imaging solutions for businesses and organizations around the globe. We market and distribute our products indirectly through a global network of resellers, including system integrators, independent software vendors, value-added resellers, hardware vendors, telecommunications carriers and distributors, and directly through our dedicated sales force and through our e-commerce website.

 

We have built a world-class portfolio of speech solutions both through internal development and acquisitions. We continue to pursue opportunities to broaden our speech solutions and expect to continue to make acquisitions of other companies, businesses and technologies to complement our internal investments. We have a team that focuses on evaluating market needs and potential acquisitions to fulfill them. In addition, we have a disciplined methodology for integrating acquired companies and businesses after the transaction is complete. Acquisitions completed in recent years include the following significant transactions:

 

 

 

These acquisitions have had a material impact on our results of operations. Our results of operations for fiscal 2007 included the operations of Dictaphone for a full year and partial year results from our acquisitions of Mobile Voice Control, Focus, BeVocal, VoiceSignal, Tegic and Commissure. We refer to these transactions collectively as our 2007 acquisitions. Our results of operations during fiscal 2006 included the operations of Former Nuance for a full year and the operations of Dictaphone for six months. We refer to these transactions together as our 2006 acquisitions. Our fiscal 2005 results included only two weeks of the operations of Former Nuance and partial year results from our acquisitions of Phonetic as well as Rhetorical Systems, Inc., ART Advanced Recognition Technologies, Inc. and MedRemote, Inc. As you review our year over year results of operations described below, you will note that these acquisitions represent a significant factor in the increase in our revenue and expenses.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

The following table presents, as a percentage of total revenue, certain selected financial data for the years ended September 30, 2007, 2006 and 2005.

 

 

Total Revenue

 

The following table shows total revenue by geographic location, based on the location of our customers, in absolute dollars and percentage change (dollars in millions):

 

Fiscal 2007 Compared to Fiscal 2006

 

In fiscal 2007 total revenue increased $213.5 million primarily due to $127.2 million of revenue related to our 2007 acquisitions and organic revenue growth of $86.3 million, or 22%, from fiscal 2006, including a 19% increase in network revenue, a 27% increase in dictation revenue, a 36% increase in embedded revenue, and a 2% increase in imaging revenue.

 

Based on the location of the customers, the geographic split in fiscal 2007 was 78% of total revenue in the United States and 22% internationally as compared to 74% of total revenue in the United States and 26% internationally in fiscal 2006. The increase in proportion of revenue generated in the United States was primarily due to our 2007 acquisitions which have a higher proportion of their revenue derived from customers in the United States.

 

Fiscal 2006 Compared to Fiscal 2005

 

In fiscal 2006 total revenue increased $156.1 million due to $112.4 million of revenue related to our 2006 acquisitions and organic growth of $43.7 million, or 19%, from fiscal 2005 including a 20% increase in network revenue, a 25% increase in dictation revenue, primarily as a result of the release of Dragon NaturallySpeaking 9.0 in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2006, a 37% increase in embedded revenue and a 6% increase in imaging revenue.

 

Based on the location of the customers, the geographic split in fiscal 2006 was 74% of total revenue in the United States and 26% internationally as compared to 69% of total revenue in the United States and 31% internationally in fiscal 2005. The increase in proportion of revenue generated in the United States was primarily due to 2006 acquisitions which have a high proportion of their revenue derived from customers in the United States.

 

Product and Licensing Revenue

 

Product and licensing revenue primarily consists of sales and licenses of our speech and imaging products and technology. The following table shows product and licensing revenue, in absolute dollars and as a percentage of total revenue (dollars in millions):

 

 

Fiscal 2007 Compared to Fiscal 2006

 

Product and licensing revenue in fiscal 2007 increased $76.0 million compared to fiscal 2006 due to $29.8 million of revenue attributable to our 2007 acquisitions and organic revenue growth of $46.2 million, or 20%, from fiscal 2006. Due to a change in revenue mix, primarily relating to the accelerated growth of professional services, subscription and hosting revenue, product and licensing revenue decreased by 8.9 percentage points of total revenue as compared to fiscal 2006.

 

Speech related product and licensing revenue increased $74.9 million, or 46%, from fiscal 2006. Excluding revenue related to our 2007 acquisitions, speech related product and licensing revenue grew $45.1 million or 28% from fiscal 2006. Included in this organic growth, network revenue increased 14%, dictation revenue increased 26% and embedded revenue increased 49%. The growth in organic speech revenue resulted from increased sales of our legacy network products, sustained performance of our embedded products in automotive, handsets, and personal navigation devices as well as increased sales in dictation fueled by our fourth quarter 2006 release of Dragon NaturallySpeaking 9.0.

Fiscal 2006 Compared to Fiscal 2005

 

Product and licensing revenue in fiscal 2006 increased $64.6 million as compared to fiscal 2005 due to $39.8 million of revenue attributable to our 2006 acquisitions and organic revenue growth of $24.8 million, up 15% from fiscal 2005. Due to a change in revenue mix, driven primarily by the growth of maintenance and support revenue, product and licensing revenue as a percentage of total revenue decreased by 13.0 percentage points as compared to fiscal 2005.

 

Speech related product and licensing revenue increased $59.4 million or 57% from fiscal 2006, growing to 70% of total product and licensing revenue in fiscal 2006 from 60% in fiscal 2005. Excluding revenue related to our 2006 acquisitions, speech related product and licensing revenue increased $19.6 million, or 19%, from fiscal 2005. The growth in organic speech revenue resulted from increased sales of our legacy network products, embedded products in automotive and handsets, as well as increased sales in dictation fueled by our fourth quarter release of Dragon NaturallySpeaking 9.0. Product and licensing revenue from our imaging products increased $5.2 million, or 8%.

 

Professional Services, Subscription and Hosting Revenue

 

Professional services revenue primarily consists of consulting, implementation and training services for speech customers. Subscription and hosting revenue primarily relates to delivering hosted and on-site directory assistance and transcription and dictation services over a specified term. The following table shows professional services, subscription and hosting revenue, in absolute dollars and as a percentage of total revenue (dollars in millions):

 

 

Fiscal 2007 Compared to Fiscal 2006

 

Professional services, subscription and hosting revenue for fiscal 2007 increased $84.2 million compared to fiscal 2006 due to $58.5 million of revenue from our 2007 acquisitions and organic revenue growth of $25.7 million, or 32% from fiscal 2006. The organic growth is due primarily to 22% growth in network professional services based on increasing demand for our core network consulting and transactional directory assistance services and a 34% growth in our Dictaphone iChart solution. Additionally, our healthcare professional services, largely based on our acquisition of Dictaphone in March 2006, provided revenue growth of 45% in the second half of fiscal 2007 relative to the second half of fiscal 2006. As a percentage of total revenue, professional services, subscription and hosting revenue increased 6.6% due to accelerated organic and acquisition related growth as compared to the growth of product and license revenue and maintenance and support revenue.

 

Fiscal 2006 Compared to Fiscal 2005

 

Professional services, subscription and hosting revenue for fiscal 2006 increased $34.0 million as compared to fiscal 2005 due to $22.1 million of revenue from our 2006 acquisitions and $11.9 million from organic revenue growth as compared to the fiscal 2005 base. Network services, excluding revenue attributable to fiscal 2006 acquisitions, provided $9.0 million, or 25% growth, based on growth in core network consulting and training revenue.

Maintenance and Support Revenue

 

Maintenance and support revenue primarily consists of technical support and maintenance service for our speech products including network, embedded and dictation and transcription products. The following table shows maintenance and support revenue, in absolute dollars and as a percentage of total revenue (dollars in millions):

 

 

Fiscal 2007 Compared to Fiscal 2006

 

Maintenance and support revenue for fiscal 2007 increased $53.2 million as compared to fiscal 2006, with $38.9 million of this increase due to our 2007 acquisitions, which have a significant customer base of maintenance and support contracts and organic revenue growth of $14.4 million, or 20%, as compared to fiscal 2006. Organic revenue growth was principally in maintenance and support for network services. As a percentage of total revenue, maintenance and support revenue grew 2.3 percentage points in fiscal 2007 due primarily due to our 2007 acquisitions.

 

Fiscal 2006 Compared to Fiscal 2005

 

Maintenance and support revenue for fiscal 2006 increased $57.5 million as compared to fiscal 2005. $50.5 million of this increase is due to our 2006 acquisitions, which have a significant customer base of maintenance and support contracts from historic sales of products and $7.0 million, or 50%, organic growth in fiscal 2006 compared to fiscal 2005, due to our continued strong renewal rates as well as from new sales in our network products. As a percentage of total revenue, maintenance and support revenue grew 12.4 percentage points in fiscal 2006 because of significant increase due to 2006 acquisitions.

 

COSTS AND EXPENSES

 

Cost of Product and Licensing Revenue

 

Cost of product and licensing revenue primarily consists of material and fulfillment costs, manufacturing and operations costs, and third-party royalty expenses. The following table shows cost of product and licensing revenue, in absolute dollars and as a percentage of product and licensing revenue (dollars in millions):

 

 

Fiscal 2007 Compared to Fiscal 2006

 

Cost of product and licensing revenue increased $13.5 million for fiscal 2007 as compared to fiscal 2006 due in large part to our 2007 acquisitions and increased royalties and fulfillment of certain productivity products. As a percentage of revenue, cost of revenue and licensing revenue increased slightly due to the higher third-party hardware cost and royalties associated with products acquired through our 2007 acquisitions.

Fiscal 2006 Compared to Fiscal 2005

 

Cost of product and licensing revenue for fiscal 2006 increased $9.3 million as compared to fiscal 2005 primarily due to costs relating to our 2006 acquisitions. As a percentage of product and licensing revenue, cost of product and licensing revenue increased slightly in fiscal 2006, largely due to our 2006 acquisitions’ products that have higher cost of goods sold relative to our other products. The added costs of goods sold for the acquired products are primarily due to third-party hardware that is included in the solutions licensed to customers.

 

Cost of Professional Services, Subscription and Hosting Revenue

 

Cost of professional services, subscription and hosting revenue primarily consists of compensation for consulting personnel, outside consultants and overhead, as well as the hardware and communications fees that support our subscription and hosted solutions. The following table shows cost of revenue, in absolute dollars and as a percentage of professional services, subscription and hosting revenue (dollars in millions):

 

 

Fiscal 2007 Compared to Fiscal 2006

 

Cost of professional services, subscription and hosting revenue increased $51.4 million in fiscal 2007 as compared to fiscal 2006 due primarily to $39.4 million of incremental cost related to our 2007 acquisitions. Cost of professional services, subscription and hosting revenue in our organic business increased $12.1 million, or 19% as compared to the 2006 base, on 32% organic revenue growth. This significant improvement for the organic business was largely as a result of our ability to increase the utilization of existing resources in our healthcare and network professional service teams which drove an increase of 8.2 percentage points in gross margin for the professional services, subscription and hosting revenue.

 

Fiscal 2006 Compared to Fiscal 2005

 

Cost of professional services, subscription and hosting revenue increased $28.1 million in fiscal 2006 as compared to fiscal 2005 primarily due to $14.9 million of costs due to our 2006 acquisitions, which have professional services organizations to support their revenue including the Dictaphone subscription-based licensing and hosted application customer base. The 80.6% growth in costs supports the 71.9% growth in related revenue for fiscal 2006. Cost of professional services as a percentage of the revenue, excluding share-based payments which changed $1.8 million, improved 2.9% as synergies were realized from the merging of the service teams from our 2006 acquisitions. These improvements were offset partially by increased expenses for the subscription and hosting services.

Cost of Maintenance and Support Revenue

 

Cost of maintenance and support revenue primarily consists of compensation for product support personnel and overhead. The following table shows cost of maintenance and support revenue, in absolute dollars and as a percentage of maintenance and support revenue (dollars in millions):

 

 

Fiscal 2007 Compared to Fiscal 2006

 

Cost of maintenance and support revenue increased $11.9 million as compared to fiscal 2006 due to $8.5 million related to our 2007 acquisitions and the cost of maintenance and support revenue for our organic business increased $3.3 million, or 21% as compared to the 2006 base. Cost of maintenance and support revenue as a percentage of revenue stayed relatively flat at 22%, as maintenance and support revenue and associated costs grew approximately 76% from fiscal 2006.

 

Fiscal 2006 Compared to Fiscal 2005

 

Cost of maintenance and support revenue increased $10.7 million compared to fiscal 2005. As a percentage of maintenance and support revenue, cost of revenue decreased 13.7 percentage points in fiscal 2006 to 21.9%. This decrease in percentage is primarily attributable to lower costs relative to the revenue in our speech business, including our healthcare maintenance and support business following our acquisition of Dictaphone and also in areas other than speech due to synergies we realized upon the combination of pre-existing and acquired product lines following our acquisition of Former Nuance.

 

Cost of Revenue from Amortization of Intangible Assets

 

Cost of revenue from amortization of intangible assets consists of the amortization of acquired patents and core and completed technology using the straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. We evaluate the recoverability of intangible assets periodically or whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying value of our intangible assets may not be recoverable. The following table shows cost of revenue from amortization of intangible assets, in absolute dollars and as a percentage of total revenue (in millions):

 

 

Fiscal 2007 Compared to Fiscal 2006

 

Cost of revenue from amortization of intangible assets increased $0.2 million in fiscal 2007 as compared to fiscal 2006. The increase was primarily attributable to $3.1 million in amortization of intangible assets related to our 2007 acquisitions offset by a fiscal 2006 non-recurring charge of $2.6 million to write down technology licensed from a third party to its net realizable value. As a percentage of revenue, cost of revenue from amortization of intangible assets declined from 3.3% to 2.2% largely because of a non-recurring charge in fiscal 2006 as well as the effect of amortization expense over a larger revenue base.

Based on the amortizable intangible assets as of September 30, 2007, and assuming no impairment or reduction in expected lives, we expect cost of revenue from amortization of intangible assets for fiscal 2008 to be $19.1 million.

 

Fiscal 2006 Compared to Fiscal 2005

 

Cost of revenue from amortization of intangible assets increased $3.7 million in fiscal 2006 as compared to fiscal 2005. The increase was primarily attributable to the $4.4 million in amortization of intangible assets relating to our 2006 acquisitions and $0.4 million incremental expense resulting from amortization of the December 2006 settlement and license from z4 Technologies, Inc. In addition, during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2006, we determined that we would not make additional investments to support a technology licensed from a non-related third-party in 2003. As a result, we revised the cash flow estimates related to the purchased technology and recorded an additional $2.6 million in cost of revenue to write down the purchased technology to its net realizable value. These increases were offset in part by the cessation of the amortization of technology and patents that was established in connection with our acquisitions consummated in 1999 and 2000 as they were fully amortized.

 

Research and Development Expense

 

Research and development expense primarily consists of salaries and benefits and overhead relating to our engineering staff. The following table shows research and development expense, in absolute dollars and as a percentage of total revenue (dollars in millions):

 

 

Fiscal 2007 Compared to Fiscal 2006

 

Research and development expense increased $20.6 million in fiscal 2007 compared to fiscal 2006 due to an increase of $8.6 million in compensation expense due to increased headcount largely associated with our 2007 acquisitions, an additional $6.9 million for contract labor and professional services to support ongoing research and development projects and an additional $2.6 million of increased shared-based payment expense. To date, we have not capitalized any internal development costs as the cost incurred after technological feasibility but before release of products has not been significant. The remaining increase relates to additional employee-related travel, entertainment and infrastructure expenses. While increasing in absolute dollars, research and development expense continued to decrease as a proportion of total revenue reflecting achievement of synergies following acquisitions and on-going efforts to increase productivity.

 

We believe that the development of new products and the enhancement of existing products are essential to our success. Accordingly, we plan to continue to invest in research and development activities at approximately the same percentage of revenue in fiscal 2008.

 

Fiscal 2006 Compared to Fiscal 2005

 

Research and development expense increased $20.2 million in fiscal 2006 compared to fiscal 2005 due to a $10.7 million increase in compensation related expense due to increased headcount largely resulting from our 2006 acquisitions and an increase of $4.3 million relating to share-based payments. The remaining increase was attributable to an increase in other headcount related expenses, including travel and infrastructure related expenses as we continued to invest in our products. While continuing to increase in absolute dollars, research and development expense has decreased relative to our total revenue. This decrease in expense as a percentage of total revenue reflects synergies following previous acquisitions.

Sales and Marketing Expense

 

Sales and marketing expense includes salaries and benefits, commissions, advertising, direct mail, public relations, tradeshows and other costs of marketing programs, travel expenses associated with our sales organization and overhead. The following table shows sales and marketing expense, in absolute dollars and as a percentage of total revenue (dollars in millions):

 

 

Fiscal 2007 Compared to Fiscal 2006

 

Sales and marketing expense increased $56.5 million in fiscal 2007 as compared to fiscal 2006 due to an increase of $35.0 million in salaries and other variable costs, such as commissions and travel expenses relating to increased headcount from our 2007 acquisitions and to support the organic business, an increase of $13.0 million relating to share-based compensation, and an increase of $4.2 million relating to marketing programs and channel program expenses. The remaining increase in expenses relates to employee-related travel, temporary and professional services, recruiting and other expenses associated with the support of the sales and marketing organization. While the expenses increased in absolute dollars, sales and marketing expenses continued to decrease as a percentage of total revenue due to synergies achieved from acquisitions and increased productivity of sales organization.

 

We expect sales and marketing expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to pursue our strategic goals but remain relatively consistent as a percentage of revenue in fiscal 2008.

 

Fiscal 2006 Compared to Fiscal 2005

 

Sales and marketing expense increased $49.6 million in fiscal 2006 as compared to fiscal 2005 due to a $30.1 million increase in our 2006 acquisitions and continued investment in the sales force for our existing products, an increase of $6.4 million relating to share-based payments and a $7.8 million increase in marketing expenses primarily to support new product releases made during fiscal 2006 as well as marketing expenses associated with products acquired as part of our 2006 acquisitions. While the expense in absolute dollars increased, sales and marketing expense as a percentage of revenue decreased as we achieved higher sales volumes while controlling our cost structure.

 

General and Administrative Expense

 

General and administrative expense primarily consists of personnel costs, (including overhead), for administration, finance, human resources, information systems, facilities and general management, fees for external professional advisors including accountants and attorneys, insurance, and provisions for doubtful accounts. The following table shows general and administrative expense, in absolute dollars and as a percentage of total revenue (dollars in millions):

 

Fiscal 2007 Compared to Fiscal 2006

 

General and administrative expense increased $20.3 million in fiscal 2007 as compared to fiscal 2006 due to increased compensation associated with our 2007 acquisitions, an increase of $8.4 million relating to share-based compensation, and a $4.0 million increase in expenses relating to temporary employees and professional services to support our growing organization. While expenses increased in absolute dollars, the expenses have decreased as a percent of total revenue primarily as we have realized synergies from the integration of general and administrative organizations of acquired companies into our general and administrative organization.

 

We expect general and administrative expense to continue to increase in absolute dollars but decrease slightly as a percentage of revenue as we continue to achieve synergies of scale.

 

Fiscal 2006 Compared to Fiscal 2005

 

General and administrative expense increased $23.3 million in fiscal 2006 compared to fiscal 2005. Our 2006 acquisitions contributed $7.8 million of this increase, including $3.0 million paid to Dictaphone staff for non-recurring activities necessary to transition knowledge and processes post-acquisition. General and administrative expense, excluding those related to our 2006 acquisitions, increased $15.5 million due primarily to compensation for increased employees and external contractors in the finance, human resources, legal and other general and administrative functions. This increase in spending on staff and contractors was related to our need to comply with new regulations, such as the implementation of SFAS 123R in fiscal 2006. These new initiatives were partially offset by a reduction in overall costs for staffing and contractors needed to comply with the provisions of Sarbanes Oxley in fiscal 2006. While the expense increased in absolute dollars, general and administrative expense as a percentage of revenue decreased as we achieved higher sales volumes while controlling our cost structure.

 

Amortization of Other Intangible Assets

 

Amortization of other intangible assets into operating expense includes amortization of acquired customer and contractual relationships, non-competition agreements and acquired trade names and trademarks. Customer relationships are amortized on an accelerated basis based upon the pattern in which the economic benefit of customer relationships are being utilized. Other identifiable intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. We evaluate these assets for impairment and for appropriateness of their remaining life on an ongoing basis. The following table shows amortization of other intangible assets, in absolute dollars and as a percentage of total revenue (dollars in millions):

 

 

Fiscal 2007 Compared to Fiscal 2006

 

Amortization of intangible assets increased $7.4 million in fiscal 2007 as compared to fiscal 2006. The increase was primarily attributable to $10.6 million in amortization of intangible assets related to our 2007 acquisitions. Customer relationships compose the majority of the intangible assets amortized to operating expense, and are amortized to expense based upon patterns in which the economic benefits are expected to be utilized. Based on these patterns, the amortization relating to certain of our acquisitions consummated in fiscal 2006 acquisitions and before, was less in fiscal 2007 than in fiscal 2006. This decrease partially offset the increase from our 2007 acquisitions.

 

Based on the amortizable intangible assets as of September 30, 2007, and assuming no impairment or reduction in expected lives, we expect cost of revenue from amortization of intangible assets for fiscal 2008 to be $49.5 million.

Fiscal 2006 Compared to Fiscal 2005

 

Amortization of intangible assets increased $13.2 million in fiscal 2006 as compared to fiscal 2005 largely attributable to the $10.8 million of amortization of identifiable intangible assets related to our 2006 acquisitions and full year amortization relating to our fiscal 2005 acquisitions.

 

Restructuring and Other Charges (Credits), Net

 

During the second quarter of fiscal 2006, we recorded a $1.3 million reduction to existing restructuring reserves as a result of the execution of a favorable sublease agreement relating to one of the facilities included in our 2005 restructuring plan. The amount was partially offset by other net adjustments of $0.1 million associated with prior years’ restructuring programs.

 

In fiscal 2005, we incurred restructuring charges of $7.2 million. The charges were related to the elimination of ten employees during the first quarter of 2006, a plan of restructuring relative to certain of our facilities in June 2005, and a September 2005 plan of restructuring to eliminate additional facilities and a reduction of approximately 40 employees in connection with our acquisition of Former Nuance. The facilities charges included $0.2 million related to the write-down of leasehold improvements based on their net book value relative to the fair market value for their shortened lives. The reduction in personnel was primarily from the research and development and sales and marketing teams, and was based on the elimination of redundancies resulting from our acquisition of Former Nuance.

 

The following table sets forth the activity relating to the restructuring accruals in fiscal 2007, 2006 and 2005 (in millions):

 

 

Other Income (Expense), Net

 

The following table shows other income (expense), net in absolute dollars and as a percentage of total revenue (dollars in millions):

 

Fiscal 2007 Compared to Fiscal 2006

 

Interest income increased $2.7 million in fiscal 2007, as compared to fiscal 2006, primarily due to higher cash and investment balances during fiscal 2007 as well as higher interest rates. Interest expense increased $18.9 million during fiscal 2007, as compared to fiscal 2006, primarily due to (i) interest related to the credit facility we entered into on March 31, 2006 having been outstanding for a full 12 months; (ii) the April 2007 and August 2007 amendments to that facility that added $90.0 million and $225.0 million of debt, respectively; and (iii) the $250.0 million convertible debentures that we issued in August 2007. Additionally, we have recorded $4.6 million of non-cash interest expense mainly related to imputed interest in association with certain lease obligations included in our accrued business combination costs and accrued restructuring charges, the amortization of debt issuance costs associated with the credit facility we entered into on March 31, 2006 as well as to the accretion of the interest related to the note payable from our Phonetic acquisition in February 2005. Other income (expense) principally consisted of foreign exchange gains (losses) as a result of the changes in foreign exchange rates on certain of our foreign subsidiaries who have transactions denominated in currencies other than their functional currencies, as well as the translation of certain of our intercompany balances.

 

We expect interest expense to increase during fiscal 2008, relative to fiscal 2007, as we pay interest on the 2006 credit facility, as amended, as well as on the new convertible debentures, and as we amortize the debt issuance costs and debt discount for the full year as compared to the partial year during which these items were outstanding in fiscal 2007. We will continue to record interest expense as it relates to certain lease obligations included in our accrued restructuring and accrued business combination costs.

 

Fiscal 2006 Compared to Fiscal 2005

 

Interest income increased $2.1 million in fiscal 2006, as compared to fiscal 2005, primarily due to higher cash and investment balances during fiscal 2006, as compared to the prior year, and to a lesser degree to greater yields on our cash and investments. Interest expense increased $16.0 million during fiscal 2006, as compared to fiscal 2005, mainly due to $12.2 million of interest expense paid quarterly on the credit facility we entered into on March 31, 2006. Other income (expense) principally consisted of foreign exchange gains (losses) as a result of the changes in foreign exchange rates on certain of our foreign subsidiaries whose operations are denominated in other than their local currencies, as well as the translation of certain of our intercompany balances.

 

Provision for Income Taxes

 

The following table shows the provision for income taxes, in absolute dollars and the effective income tax rate (in thousands, except percentages):